Superintendent's Compendium

Canyonlands National Park

May 2025

As provided in 16 USC, Section 3, and Title 36, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Chapter I, Parts 1-7, the following Superintendent's Orders are established for Canyonlands National Park. Unless otherwise noted, these orders apply in addition to the regulations contained in Parts 1-7 of Title 36 CFR.

This compendium is organized, with reference to the applicable sections, of Title 36 CFR . For example, (the order entitled 1.5 closures and public use limits), is addressed in section in 1.5 Title 36 CFR.

 

 

Introduction

The Superintendent’s Compendium does not repeat regulations found in Title 36 Code of Federal Regulations (36 CFR), United States Code, and other CFR Titles, which are enforced without further elaboration at the park level. The Superintendent’s Compendium is the summary of park-specific rules implemented under 36 CFR. It serves as public notice, identifies areas closed for public use, provides a list of activities requiring either a special use permit or reservation, and elaborates on public use and resource protection regulations pertaining specifically to the administration of the park.

The regulations contained in 36 CFR, Parts 1-7, are the basic mechanism used by the National Park Service (NPS) to preserve and protect the natural and cultural resources of the park and to protect visitors and property within the park. Parts 1 through 6 are general regulations applicable to all areas of the National Park System, and Part 7 contains special regulations specific to individual parks. Each of these parts has many sections and subsections articulating specific provisions. Within some of these Part 1-7 sections and subsections, the superintendent is granted discretionary authority to develop local rules to be responsive to the needs of a specific park resource or activity, park plan, program, and/or special needs of the general public.

This compendium should be used in conjunction with Title 36 CFR, Parts 1-7, to more fully understand the regulations governing the use and enjoyment of all the areas of the National Park System.

A copy of Title 36, CFR, can be purchased from the U.S. Government Printing Office or found on the internet at: https://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?tpl=/ecfrbrowse/Title36/36tab_02.tpl

Laws and Policies Allowing the Superintendent to Develop This Compendium

The National Park Service (NPS) is granted broad statutory authority under 54 United States Code (U.S.C.) Section 100101 et. seq. (Omnibus Public Land Management Act of 2009, previously Organic Act of 1916, as amended) to “…regulate the use of the National Park System by means and measures that conform to the fundamental purpose of the System units, which purpose is to conserve the scenery, natural and historic objects, and wild life in the System units and to provide for the enjoyment of the scenery, natural and historic objects, and wild life in such manner and by such means as will leave them unimpaired for the enjoyment of future generations.” [54 U.S.C. Section 100101(a)].

In 1970, Congress amended the NPS Organic Act to clarify its intentions as to the overall mission of the NPS. Through the General Authorities Act of 1970 (16 U.S.C. Sections 1a1-1a8),Congress brought all areas administered by the NPS into one National Park System and directed the NPS to manage all areas under its administration consistent with the Organic Act of 1916.

In 1978, Congress amended the General Authorities Act of 1970 and reasserted system-wide the high standard of protection defined in the original Organic Act by stating “Congress further reaffirms, declares, and directs that the promotion and regulation of the various areas of the National Park System, as defined by Section 1 of this Title, shall be consistent with and founded in the purpose established by Section 1 of this Title, to the common benefit of all people of the United States.”

54 U.S.C. Section 100501 defines the National Park System as “… any area of land and water administered by the Secretary, acting through the Director, for park, monument, historic, parkway, recreational, or other purposes.”

In addition to the above statutory authority, the superintendent is guided by established NPS policy as found in the NPS Management Policies (2006). The superintendent is also guided by more specific policies promulgated by the Director, National Park Service, in the form of Director’s Orders. As stated in the Management Policies, the primary responsibility of the NPS is to protect and preserve our national natural and cultural resources while providing for the enjoyment of these resources by visitor and other users, as long as use does not impair specific park resources or overall visitor experience. The appropriateness of any particular visitor use or recreational experience is resource-based and will vary from park to park; therefore, a use or activity that is appropriate in one park area may not be appropriate in another. The superintendent is directed to analyze overall park use and determine if any particular use is appropriate. Where conflict arises between use and resource protection, where the superintendent has a reasonable basis to believe a resource is or would become impaired, then that superintendent is obliged to place limitations on public use.

Consistency of This Compendium with Applicable Federal Law and Requirements

The Superintendent’s Compendium is not considered a significant rule requiring review by the Office of Management and Budget under Executive Order 12866. In addition, this Compendium will not have a significant economic effect on a number of small entities nor impose a significant cost on any local, state or tribal government or private organization, and therefore does not fall under the requirements of the Regulatory Flexibility Act or Unfunded Mandates Reform Act.

The actions and requirements described in this Compendium are found to be categorically excluded from further compliance with the procedural requirements of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) in Department of the Interior (DOI) Guidelines 516 DM 12 and as such, an Environmental Assessment will not be prepared.

Development of the Requirements of the Superintendent’s Compendium

As outlined above, the NPS has broad authority and responsibility to determine what types of uses and activities are appropriate in any particular National Park System area. The requirements of the Superintendent’s Compendium are developed through an analysis and determination process. The decision criteria used during this process are:

• Is the use or activity consistent with the NPS Organic Act and NPS policy?
• Is the use or activity consistent and compatible with the park’s enabling legislation, management objectives, and corresponding management plans?
• Will the use or activity injure the park’s protected natural and cultural resources and other protected values?
• Will the use or activity disturb or be in conflict with wildlife, vegetation, and environmental protection actions and values?
• Will the use or activity conflict with or be incompatible with traditional park uses and activities?
• Will the use or activity compromise employee or public safety?

Applicability of the Compendium

The rules contained in this compendium apply to all persons entering, using, visiting, orotherwise present on federally owned lands, including submerged lands, and waters administered by the NPS within the legislative boundaries of the park. This includes all waters subject to the jurisdiction of the United States, including all navigable waters. The rules contained in this compendium shall not be construed to prohibit administrative activities conducted by the National Park Service, or its agents, in accordance with approved general management and resource management plans, or in emergency operations involving threats to life, property, or park resources.

Enforcement of Compendium Requirements

NPS Law Enforcement Park Rangers enforce the requirements of the United State Code, 36CFR, and this Superintendent’s Compendium.

Penalties for Not Adhering to the Compendium Requirements

A person who violates any provision of the regulations found in 36 CFR, Parts 1- 7, orprovisions of this Compendium, is subject to a fine as provided by law (18 U.S.C. 3571) up to $5,000 for individuals and $10,000 for organizations, or by imprisonment not exceeding six months (18 U.S.C.3559), or both, and shall be adjudged to pay all court costs associated with any court proceedings. In addition, to any fines or imprisonment an individual may be subject to a period of probation not to exceed five years in length (18 USC 3561).

Comments on the Compendium

The compendium is reviewed annually and revised as necessary. The park welcomes commentsabout its program and activities at any time.Written comments on the Compendium may be submitted to:

Superintendent
Canyonlands National Park
2282 Resource Blvd
Moab, UT 84352

Effective Date of the Superintendent Compendium

The Superintendent’s Compendium is effective on the approval date listed on the first page of this document.

Additional Information

Some of the terms used in this Compendium may have specific meaning defined in 36 CFR § 1.4 Definition

 

36 CFR 1.4 Definitions

In addition to definitions found in 36 CFR § 1.4(a), the following definitions, created by the superintendent, apply to all parts of this compendium for parkwide consistency:

Aid Climbing is the direct use of a fixed or placed protection (pitons, nuts, bolts rivets, spring-loaded cams, etc.) to support a climber’s weight and assist in the climber’s ascent. In general, aid techniques are reserved for pitches where free climbing is difficult to impossible, and extremely steep and long routes. Most difficult aid climbs still require pitons or other techniques using a hammer.

Canyoneering is defined as cross country travel involving descending into canyons or major rock formations using a variety of techniques that are associated with technical descents— those that require rappels and rope work, climbing or down-climbing, and/or swims.

Free Climbing and Clean Aid Climbing are minimum impact approaches that employ chocks, stoppers, nuts, and camming devices, rather than pitons or bolts, for protection or direct support. These are climbing aids that are removable, do not damage or scar the rock, and do not become fixed after ascent.

Geocaching is defined as the placement of a cache within the park boundaries and distributing the coordinates, or other clues to the coordinates, for the purpose of locating the cache at a later time.

High Clearance Four-Wheel-Drive (4WD) Vehicle is a Jeep, sport utility vehicle (SUV), or truck type with at least 15-inch tire rims and at least 12 inches of clearance from the break over point (halfway between front and rear wheel hubs across the width of the vehicle). Four-wheel drive vehicles have a transfer case or differential that locks the front and rear drive shafts together when four-wheel drive is engaged and allows manual shifting of the entire gearset to low range. All-wheel-drive (AWD) vehicles do not meet this definition. Electric vehicles designed for off-road use will fit this definition if they offer advanced four-wheel-drive capabilities through independent electric motors at each wheel, or independent electric motors on front and rear axles capable of driving both adjoining axle shafts. Capabilities of electric vehicles must mimic the action of traditional 4x4 functionality in the absence of a conventional transfer case.

Packraft is a lightweight, inflatable boat designed for backcountry travel, combining portability and durability for use in remote waterways. Made from reinforced materials like TPU-coated nylon, packrafts are compact enough to be carried with a backpack when deflated and, easily inflated at water’s edge for navigating flatwater and whitewater, and typically propelled using a breakdown paddle. Packraft brands include but are not limited to: Alpacka, Kokopelli, and NRS.

Remotely piloted aircraft means a device that is used or intended to be used for flight in the air without the possibility of direct human intervention from within or on the device, and the associated operational elements and components that are required for the pilot or system operator in command to operate or control the device (such as cameras, sensors, communication links). This term includes all types of devices that meet this definition (e.g. model airplanes, quadcopters, drones) that are used for any purpose, including for recreation and commerce.

Slacklining or Sling-lining is defined as walking on a rope or other line that is anchored between rock formations, trees, or any other natural features. Height of the rope above the ground is immaterial.

Technical Rock Climbing is defined as ascending or descending a rock formation utilizing rock climbing equipment.

Vessel, according to Utah Code 73-18-2 (19), means every type of watercraft, other than a seaplane on the water, used or capable of being used as a means of transportation on water.

 

36 CFR 1.5 Closures and Public Use Limits

Wildlife Closures

Please reference Appendix A for wildlife closures.

Determination: See Appendix A for closure justification.

Filming, Still Photography, and Audio Recording Activity May Require a Permit, Consistent with 54 U.S.C. 100905.

• Filming, still photography, and audio recording activity that occurs in closed areas, requires exclusive use of a site or area, or involves a set or staging equipment other than handheld equipment (such as a tripod, monopod, and handheld lighting equipment) requires a permit, unless the activity is affiliated with an activity or event that has been allowed under a written authorization, such as a special use permit.
• Filming, still photography, and audio recording that involves more than eight individuals requires apermit, unless the NPS has specifically notified an individual or group that a permit is not required, or ifthe activity is affiliated with an activity or event that has been allowed under a written authorization, such as a special use permit.
• If a permit is required for the reasons stated above, or if the NPS otherwise determines and then notifies an individual or group that a permit is required for a filming, still photography, or audio recording activity, then engaging in that activity without a permit is prohibited. Violating a term or condition of a permit issued by the NPS for a filming, still photography, or audio recording activity is prohibited, and may result in the suspension or revocation of the permit, in addition to any penalties that may apply under36 CFR 1.3.

Determination: Federal law at 54 U.S.C. 100905 states that permits and fees are not required for filming, still photography, or audio recording in park areas if certain requirements are met. These requirements address various topics, including, but not limited to, group size, location, equipment, potential impacts to resources and visitors, and the likelihood that the NPS will incur related administrative costs. If any of these requirements are not met, the law allows the Secretary of the Interior, acting through the NPS, to require a permit for the subject activity. Permit requirements are imposed by the superintendent under discretionary authority provided by 36CFR 1.5(a)(2), which allows the superintendent to impose conditions or restrictions on a use or activity, consistent with applicable legislation, to implement management responsibilities. The general regulations for permits in 36 CFR 1.6 do not apply to permits issued for filming, still photography, and audio recording, which instead are governed by the statutory provisions in 54 U.S.C. 100905. The imposition of permit requirements, on a case-by-case basis, for filming, still photography, or audio recording does not require rulemaking under 36CFR 1.5(b). Requiring a permit with reasonable terms and conditions in accordance with statutory requirements at 54 U.S.C. 100905 is not highly controversial, will not result in a significant alteration in the public use pattern of the System unit, will not adversely affect the System unit’s natural, aesthetic, scenic or cultural values, or require a long-term or significant modification in the resource management objectives of the System unit, because the permit requirement is limited in time and scope to the specific activities authorized by the permit, which contain terms and conditions that protect the values, resources, and visitors of the system unit, and implements federal law.

Roads Closures and Restrictions

The Needles District

The following roads and parking areas are closed to all vehicle traffic or restricted as noted except for those on official government business:

• Dirt road leading from paved road to water well.
• Road located approximately 100 yards east of maintenance area leading to generator building.
• Dirt road leading south from loop road, located approximately 200 yards west of the ranger station.
• Dirt road off Salt Creek access road approximately 200 yards from Wooden Shoe Creek.
• Road to employee residence area.

Determination: The above closures and restrictions are to protect park infrastructure and ensure official government use only.

The following roads require high clearance four-wheel drive:

• Elephant Hill
• Salt Creek
• Horse Canyon
• Lavender Canyon
• Lockhart Canyon
• Colorado Overlook Road.

Determination: Roads listed have been identified as challenging, quickly changing, and maintained to a standard of rugged or rough conditions and thus require a vehicle that meets the above definition to travel safely.

Island in the Sky District

The following roads and parking areas are closed to all vehicle traffic or restricted as noted except for those on official government business:

• Road to maintenance and residence area
• Dirt road near Grand View Point leading from paved road to radio repeater shed.
• Dirt road near Island in the Sky Campground leading to a maintenance storage/supply area.
• Dirt road adjacent to Shafer day-use parking area leading to a maintenance storage/supply area.
• The Shafer day-use parking area is closed from one-half hour after sunset until one-half hour before sunrise.

Determination: The above closures and restrictions are to protect park infrastructure and ensure official government use only.

The following roads require high clearance four-wheel drive:

• White Rim Road

Determination: Roads listed have been identified as challenging, quickly changing, and maintained to a standard of rugged or rough conditions and thus require a vehicle that meets the above definition to travel safely.

The Maze District

The following roads and parking areas are closed to all vehicle traffic or restricted as noted except for those on official government business:

• Road leading from the ranger station to the Hans Flat housing area

Determination: The above closures and restrictions are to protect park infrastructure and ensure official government use only.

The following roads require high clearance four-wheel drive:

• From the North Point Trailhead to Panorama Point and Cleopatra's Chair;
• From the start of the Flint Trail and beyond to the Golden Stairs, Maze Overlook, and to Waterhole Flat;
• From Waterhole Flat to Teapot Rock on into The Land of Standing Rocks and the Doll House.

Determination: Roads listed have been identified as challenging, quickly changing, and maintained to a standard of rugged or rough conditions and thus require a vehicle that meets the above definition to travel safely.

All park roads and lands are subject to temporary closures as indicated by signs or other means of notification during periods of adverse weather, natural disaster, emergency, or implementation of management responsibilities.

Use Limits, Conditions, and Restrictions

The following public use limits, conditions and restrictions are established within Canyonlands National Park:

Island in the Sky District

• Fort Bottom is open for day use only. The two nearby campsites located next to the Green River are available only to boaters.

Determination: The proximity of the campsites to the river corridor and the frequency of use by river users are the primary reason for designation.

• All vehicle, motorcycles, and bicycles on White Rim Road, excluding the Potash Road and Shafer Trail, must obtain and possess a day-use permit or an overnight permit. Group size is limited to three (3) vehicles and 15 bicycles. Groups must be separated by 30 minutes of travel time. The number of day-use permits for the White Rim road system is limited to a maximum of 50 per day.

Determination: The need to preserve the resource and visitor experience is best accomplished by limiting the total numbers of visitors to an area. Overcrowding, traffic, and noise pollution in the park are experiences we want to minimize to the greatest extent possible.

The Needles District

• Virginia Park is closed to all entry except by authorization from the superintendent.

Determination: This restriction is justified by the need to protect valuable natural resources, minimize human impact, and allow for ongoing research and conservation efforts. Damage to resources inside this area can cause irreversible damage, compromise scientific research, and/or create expense to the NPS or researching institutes. This closure will protect the integrity of research and the resources.

Permitting Requirements

• Elephant Hill Road System
  • All vehicle, motorcycles, and bicycles must possess a day-use permit or overnight permit to access backcountry roads from Elephant Hill Trailhead and parking lot, including travel from the South Boundary.
  • Group size is limited to three (3) vehicles and 12 bicycles.
  • Groups must be separated by 30 minutes of travel time.
  • The number of day-use permits for the Elephant Hill Road system is limited to a maximum of 24 per day.

Specific Road Access

• Lavender Canyon Road and Peekaboo/Horse Canyon Road
  • All vehicles, motorcycles, and bicycles on must possess a day-use permit.
  • A designated trip leader must be established for each group, and their name must appear on the day-use permit.
  • Daily permit limits:
    • eight (8) permits for Lavender Canyon
    • 10 permits for Horse/Salt Creek canyons

Designated Day-Use Areas

• The following areas are restricted to day use only:
  • Upper two miles of Elephant Canyon
  • Confluence Overlook
  • Joint Trail
  • Lockhart Canyon

Seasonal Closures for Wildlife Protection

• The following areas are closed to all human entry from March 15 to September 1 for the protection of desert bighorn sheep:
  • Lower Big Spring Canyon
  • Lower Little Spring Canyon
  • Lower Salt Creek (below Lower Jump)
  • Lower Elephant Canyon

Determination: Managing access through permits helps prevent overcrowding, maintain the quality of visitor experiences, and promote responsible usage of backcountry areas. This also helps ensure the protection of sensitive habitats for desert bighorn sheep.

The Maze District

• Horseshoe Canyon, Pete’s Mesa, and areas below and visible from Maze Overlook are limited to day-use only.
• Jasper Canyon is closed to entry from the canyon head near Chimney Rock camp downstream to the Jump.
• To reduce impacts from trampling and multiple trailing, only designated trails may be used when hiking in the Doll House area of The Maze district
• Groups within the Horseshoe Canyon unit will not have more than 20 persons present. Larger groups are only permitted when on a guided interpretive program or when authorized in writing by the superintendent.

Determination: By limiting access to specific areas and imposing group size restrictions, the park aims to minimize ecological damage, reduce visitor impact, and ensure the safety and enjoyment of all visitors while maintaining the integrity of sensitive ecosystems.

River District

• All vessels must meet applicable State of Utah aquatic invasive species decontamination requirements.
• Upstream motorized travel and “up-running” in Cataract Canyon is prohibited except when authorized in writing by the superintendent, pursuant to 36 CFR 1.5 and 1.6. Cataract Canyon is defined as that portion of the Colorado River beginning with the first rapid which is known as Rapid #1 (approximately at river mile 212.3), and continuing downstream to the park boundary which is located at Big Drop Two (approximately at river mile 202.5). Upstream travel below this 5 point is regulated by the Glen Canyon National Recreation Area Compendium which prohibits upstream travel between the mouth of Imperial Canyon (river mile 200) and Big Drop Two.
  
  Upstream motorized travel is defined as travel by any type of motorized vessel predominately against the current through Cataract Canyon as defined above. Motorized vessels are permitted to use eddy currents in rapids to re-run the tail- waves of the rapid. The beginning of the rapid is where the current speed increases dramatically, or the area known as the “tongue.” The tongue of a rapid is the “v” shaped patch of smooth water that has not yet been aerated by the wave action.
• This section does not apply to authorized Federal, State, and local law enforcement officers in the performance of their official duties; and to National Park Service employees engaged in emergency operations and/or administrative activities.

Determination: Upstream motorized travel poses significant dangers due to the steep gradient of the rapids and lack of visibility. By prohibiting this activity, the regulation aims to reduce the likelihood of accidents and injuries among boaters traveling downstream.

• The caching of boats and equipment for more than 24 hours is subject to pre-approval (by a district ranger) and special terms, to include: the cache must be labeled with a permit holder’s name, date, and permit number. Cache must be stored such that visitor groups can occupy the site. All equipment, food, or garbage left unattended must be fully secured in heavy duty, durable animal- and wind-proof containers, and the cache will be secure from wildlife and not buried.

Determination: The restriction on caching boats and equipment for more than 24 hours ensures the safety and integrity of the natural environment while promoting responsible visitor behavior. Requiring pre-approval and specific labeling helps maintain order and accountability among users. Additionally, securing caches protects wildlife from human food sources, reduces litter and potential hazards, and ensures that sites remain accessible for all visitors, thereby preserving the park’s ecological balance and enhancing the overall visitor experience.

• River use permit holders are required to have at a minimum the following equipment: first aid kit adequate for the size of the group, length of trip, and type of activity; one spare properly fitted serviceable personal floatation device per every 10 participants or one per boat, whichever is fewer; a repair kit; air pump (for inflatable boats only); a bailing device (does not apply to self-bailing boats); a fire extinguisher (US Coast Guard approved) appropriate for size of vessel; and a rigid durable metal fire pan that is large enough to fully contain all fire ash and debris. (see 2.13)
• Groups must travel together and may not separate for the purpose of securing camps ahead of other permitted groups.
• Vessel Size
  • No vessel in excess of 50 feet in length shall be operated on waters within Canyonlands National Park.

Determination: The requirement for river use permit holders to carry essential safety equipment is crucial for ensuring the well-being of all participants during river activities. This equipment prepares groups for emergencies, enhances safety protocols, and minimizes risks associated with outdoor activities.

The stipulation that groups must travel together prevents fragmentation, ensuring that all members remain accounted for and can assist one another, which is vital for safety in remote areas.

Limiting vessel size to 50 feet promotes navigational safety, reduces the risk of accidents, and helps protect the park's delicate ecosystems by preventing overcrowding and potential damage to natural resources. Together, these regulations foster a safer, more responsible recreational environment for all visitors.

• In Cataract Canyon, inboard vessels are not permitted unless the following is met:
  1. The vessal is constructed as a rigid-hull-inflatable style with either an inflatable or foam collar.
  2. The vessal has at least five (5) sealed compartments, designed and constructed into the boat as the hull and collar.
     1. For boats with inflatable collars, each separate valved section is considered one sealed compartment, provided all baffles are intact. For boats with foam collars, the collar is considered to be two (2) sealed compartments (port and starboard sides); an additional three (3) sealed compartments are still required.
     2. The boat hull must be at least one sealed compartment OR have a collar that is at least two sealed compartments. Sealed hull compartments most be fully welded and air tight.
  3. Vessals must comply with all noise limits as specified in 36 CFR 3.15.

Determination: The restriction on inboard vessels in Cataract Canyon is implemented to enhance safety and environmental protection. By allowing only rigid-hull inflatable boats with specific design features, the regulation ensures that vessels are capable of withstanding the challenging conditions of the canyon, thereby reducing the risk of capsizing or sinking.

The requirement for sealed compartments enhances buoyancy and safety, providing a crucial layer of protection for occupants in the event of an emergency. Additionally, compliance with noise limits helps preserve the natural soundscape of the park, minimizing disturbances to wildlife and other visitors. These measures collectively contribute to a safer and more sustainable recreational experience in this sensitive area.

Packrafts

• Individuals using packrafts for river travel (rafts designed to be carried inside of a backpack), must obtain a River Use Permit and comply with all boating regulations, except they do not have to carry a spare PFD or spare paddle.

Determination: This restriction allows for effective monitoring of river use and promotes responsible recreation, balancing safety with the practicality of lightweight, short-distance travel.

Rock Climbing and Canyoneering

The following closures, conditions, and restrictions apply to rock climbing or similar activities such as, but not limited to, technical rock climbing, free climbing and clean aid climbing within Canyonlands National Park:

Closures

• Climbing, scrambling, or walking upon, wrapping webbing or rope around, or rappelling from any arch with an opening greater than 3 feet, except for Washer Woman in the Island in the Sky district, is prohibited.
• The entire Salt Creek Archeological District, which includes Salt Creek, Horse, and Lost canyons, and upper Davis and Lavender canyons, is closed to climbing and canyoneering.
• The detached Horseshoe Canyon Unit of The Maze district is closed to climbing and canyoneering.

Conditions

• Permits are not required for day-use rock climbing or canyoneering. A backcountry use permit is required for overnight climbing, bivying, or canyoneering in the backcountry.

Restrictions

Climbing and canyoneering within Canyonlands National Park shall be either free climbing or clean aid climbing, except as described below.

• No new permanent fixed anchors may be installed in any location, except by permit. If an existing bolt or other hardware item is unsafe, it may be replaced, without a permit. Anchor hardware must be painted the color of the rock surface before installation. The installation and use of pitons are prohibited. Homemade hardware is prohibited.
• If an existing software item (sling, runner etc.) is unsafe, it may be replaced. Software (webbing, accessory cords, etc.) that is left in place shall match the rock surface in color.
• The intentional removal of lichen or plants from rock is prohibited.
• The physical altering of rock faces including, but not limited to chiseling, glue reinforcement of existing holds, and gluing of new holds is prohibited.
• The use of motorized power drills is prohibited in areas managed as wilderness. Outside of wilderness, a motorized drill requires a permit (Special Use Permit).
• Use of white chalk is prohibited. Chalk must be earth tone in color and match the color of the rock surface.
• Fixed ropes may not be left in place for more than 24 hours. Fixed ropes left in place longer than 24 hours shall be considered "abandoned property" and removed.
• Slacklining or highlining is prohibited.

Determination: The restrictions on rock climbing and canyoneering in Canyonlands National Park are essential for preserving the park's natural and cultural resources while ensuring visitor safety.

Closures prevent damage to sensitive features, such as arches and archaeological sites, while protecting the integrity of the landscape.

Conditions allow for day-use activities without permits, promoting accessibility, while requiring permits for overnight use to manage backcountry impacts.

Restrictions on climbing methods and equipment aim to minimize ecological disturbance and maintain the area's natural beauty. Prohibiting permanent anchors, altering rock surfaces, and using motorized tools ensures that climbing practices remain sustainable and respectful of the environment. These measures collectively safeguard the park's unique features and enhance the climbing experience for all visitors.

Hang Gliders, BASE Jumping, Remotely Piloted Aerial Vehicles

Canyonlands National Park is closed to the use of hang gliders, paragliders, and parachutes. BASE jumping is prohibited in Canyonlands National Park. 36 CFR 2.17 (a)(3); NPS Management Policies 2006, 8.2.2.7.

Launching, landing, or operating remotely piloted aircraft from or on lands and waters administered by the National Park Service within the boundaries of Canyonlands National Park is prohibited except as approved in writing by the superintendent. 36 CFR 1.5

Determination: These restrictions are vital for ensuring visitor safety and protecting the park’s unique natural resources. The prohibition of these activities prevents potential accidents and injuries in an area known for its stunning but challenging landscapes. Additionally, the ban on remotely piloted aerial vehicles helps to maintain the park’s tranquility, protecting wildlife and minimizing disturbances to both natural and cultural resources. Allowing such activities could lead to negative environmental impacts, including disruption of wildlife habitats and potential damage to sensitive geological formations. By regulating these activities, the park preserves its pristine environment and enhances the visitor experience, ensuring that the beauty and integrity of Canyonlands National Park are safeguarded for future generations.

Off-highway Vehicles

Vehicles are not permitted to be used off designated roads in Canyonlands National Park, as stated in 36 CFR 4.10(a) and (b).

All motor vehicles operated within the boundaries of Canyonlands National Park must have a valid state registration as a “motor vehicle,” display a valid state license plate(s), and be operated by someone in possession of a valid state issued operator’s license.

Motorcycles that are registered for road use are allowed. 36 CFR 4.2.

Off highway vehicles, or OHVs, by definition are any motor vehicle designed primarily for off-road travel that is not licensed and registered for interstate travel. All-terrain vehicles (ATV)s, including street legal ATVs, sand rails, side-by-sides, and dune buggies, are examples of OHVs whose use is prohibited by 36 CFR 1.5.

Determination: These restrictions are crucial for preserving Canyonlands National Park's delicate ecosystems and unique geological formations. By limiting vehicle use to designated roads, the regulations minimize soil erosion, protect native vegetation, and safeguard wildlife habitats. Ensuring all vehicles are properly registered and operated by licensed individuals promotes safety within the park

Engine Idling and Generators

Idling running generators in the park is prohibited, with the following exceptions:

• In the Island in the Sky and Needles campgrounds, a generator may be operated during the hours of 8:00 am–10:00 am and 4:00 pm–8:00 pm.

Idling the engines of motor vehicles is prohibited, with the following exceptions:

1. After long uphill grades, engines may be idled for up to 15 minutes in order to cool;
2. Engines may be left running to provide cooling or heating for disabled passengers who have difficulty in disembarking.
3. Engines may be left running while the driver is actively completing a pre-trip vehicle inspection.

Determination: These restrictions aim to protect the natural environment and enhance visitor experiences by reducing noise pollution and air quality impacts.

Designated Backcountry

All lands, including four-wheel-drive roads and the Shafer Trail below the Shafer day-use parking area, and waters within the boundaries of Canyonlands National Park are designated as backcountry with the following exceptions:

• Two-wheel-drive roads (paved or dirt surfaces) and their adjacent shoulders, ditches and culverts. Dimensions for these corridors shall be 300 feet, each side, from centerline on paved roads and 150 feet, each side, from centerline of non- paved two-wheel-drive roads unless a topographic feature provides a closer and more functional natural boundary. Designated two-wheel-drive roads are identified on the Canyonlands Official Map and Guide, publication number GPO: 2002-491-282/40194 Reprint 2021 (attached).
• Administrative buildings and their immediate surroundings.

Determination: The designation of backcountry areas in Canyonlands National Park is vital for preserving the park's natural landscapes and promoting a wilderness experience for visitors. Backcountry refers to undeveloped and remote areas that offer opportunities for solitude, exploration, and connection with nature. By managing access to these areas, the park aims to protect sensitive ecosystems and cultural resources from the impacts of human activity. This approach encourages responsible recreation while maintaining the integrity of the park's unique environment. The careful delineation of backcountry boundaries ensures that visitors can enjoy the natural beauty and tranquility of the park, fostering a deeper appreciation for its wilderness character.

Swimming and Bathing

The following restrictions apply to all park lands:

• Swimming, bathing, and immersing human bodies in water sources are prohibited (except in the Green and Colorado rivers and the section of Salt Creek that is open to vehicle use).
• Only biodegradable soaps may be used in the backcountry. All soap use must be used at least 100 feet away from water sources, with the following exception:
  • Soap use on the Green and Colorado rivers is encouraged to take place in the river.
• Rinsing dishes or other equipment directly in water sources is prohibited, except in the Green and Colorado rivers.
• A water source may not be emptied or depleted for human and/or saddle/pack animal use.

Determination: These restrictions are designed to protect the park’s ecosystems and water quality. Allowing only biodegradable soaps at least 100 feet from water sources further safeguards aquatic habitats, while prohibiting the depletion of water sources ensures their sustainability within the park.

Artificial Light Sources

The use of artificial light sources for purposes other than personal route-finding or minimum impact camping—that is, to light up landscapes, rock formations, or other park features—is prohibited.

Determination: This regulation helps maintain the park's pristine environment, reduces light pollution, and enhances the experience of visitors wishing to enjoy the natural beauty of the night sky and its celestial features.

Fixed Lines

The use of fixed lines (any line made from any material which is stretched between two points) is prohibited except for tie-downs used in conjunction with tarps or tents affixed to ground stakes. This includes but is not limited to clothes lines, dog runs, hammocks or slack lines and prohibits attachment to vegetation, natural features, or government property. This regulation does not apply to recreational climbing.

Determination: This regulation aims to prevent interference with wildlife habitats and minimize environmental impact while ensuring that the integrity of the park's landscapes is maintained. The prohibition also encourages visitors to engage with the natural environment responsibly, preserving the area's unique character and beauty.

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36 CFR 1.6 Permits

(c) Permits are required within Canyonlands National Park for the following (36 Code of Federal Regulations) activities:

• Flatwater boating – 1.5
• Boating in Cataract Canyon – 1.5
• Carrying or possessing a weapon, trap, or net – 2.4(d)
• Specimen collection – 2.5
• Backcountry use permit – 2.10
• Camping in developed area campgrounds – 2.10
• Audio disturbance – 2.12
• Horse and pack animals – 2.16
• Aircraft and air delivery – 2.17
• Unattended property – 2.22
• Fee waiver – 2.23
• Noncommercial soliciting – 2.37
• Explosives – 2.38
• Special events – 2.50
• Public assemblies, meetings – 2.51
• Sale or distribution of printed material – 2.52
• Residing on Federal lands – 2.61
• Memorialization – 2.62
• Load, weight and size limits – 4.11
• Business operations – 5.3
• Some filming, still photography, and audio recording (depends upon the facts and circumstances; contact the park for more information). 36 CFR 1.5(a)(2) and 54 U.S.C. 100905.
• Commercial vehicles – 5.6
• Construction of buildings or other facilities – 5.7

Permits will be specific in nature to the activity being permitted. In those cases where permitted use is frequent, a specific permit form has been designed, i.e. backcountry use permit, entrance and campground fee permits and commercial filming permits. In most other cases, a special use permit or letter of authorization will be prepared which will articulate the specific conditions under which the permitted activity is authorized. In all cases, a permit or letter of authorization must be in the permittee’s possession at all times and must be presented to any authorized person upon request.

Determination: These restrictions are essential for protecting natural resources, promoting visitor safety, and managing recreational impacts. By regulating activities such as camping, canyoneering, and some commercial operations, the permit system ensures compliance with guidelines that safeguard the park's ecosystem.

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2.1 Preservation of Natural, Cultural and Archeological Resources

(a)(4) Driftwood may be collected only in the following areas within the park for
possession and use as fuel for campfires:

• Colorado and Green rivers: water surfaces and river banks below high water lines.

Determination: The restriction on collecting driftwood in designated areas helps preserve ecological balance along riverbanks and protects wildlife habitats. By allowing collection only below high water lines, the regulation promotes sustainable practices for campfires while safeguarding the park's natural and cultural resources for future generations.

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2.2 Wildlife Protection

(d) In The Needles district:
During time periods when the Cottonwood Road, which runs from SR 211 to Beef Basin/Elk Ridge, is closed due to impassable road conditions hunters may transport lawfully taken wildlife through the park area via the following route: the south boundary at Bobby’s Hole, direct to Elephant Hill, direct to the east entrance of The Needles district of the park. Hunters may also access the Beef Basin/Elk Ridge area via The Needles district entrance of the park, direct to Elephant Hill, direct to the south boundary. No deviation from the above noted routes may take place.

In The Maze district:
Hunters who legally take a game animal in Red Cove are permitted to pass through the park by the shortest possible route to exit the park. Likewise, hunters who legally take a game animal on the Millard Canyon Benches or in Millard Canyon are permitted to pass through the park in Lower Millard Canyon and through approximately five miles of park land on the north rim of Horse Canyon to exit the park.

Wildlife being transported through the park must meet all State of Utah Big Game Proclamation requirements pertaining to tagging and transporting of big game. Hunters must possess only weapons that meet the definition of “unloaded” during cross-park transport (36 CFR 1.4: “Bows, crossbows, spear guns or any implement capable of discharging a missile or similar device by means of a loading or discharging mechanism, when that loading or discharging mechanism is not charged or drawn.”). Firearms are exempt; state laws apply.

Determination: The regulations governing wildlife transport and viewing in Canyonlands National Park are crucial for protecting wildlife and their habitats. Allowing hunters to transport legally taken game along specified routes minimizes disturbances to sensitive areas and ensures compliance with state regulations.

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2.10 Camping and Food Storage

(a) All overnight stays within Canyonlands National Park require a permit. Visitors must obtain either a backcountry use permit, a river use permit, or a front country campsite permit for designated areas such as The Needles Campground, Island in the Sky Campground, or the group campsites at Wooden Shoe, Dutch Oven, or Split Top.

Frontcountry Campgrounds

Camping in the designated frontcountry campgrounds within Canyonlands is permitted subject to the following requirements:

• No person or party, or their equipment, shall occupy the campground for more than seven (7) nights (consecutively or non-consecutively) in any 30 day period or for a total of 14 nights per year.
• Sites may not be left unattended for more than 24 hours.
• All motor vehicles, including motorcycles, and bicycles, must be parked on the paved or designated parking at each site, and must not extend into the roadway.
• Occupancy is limited to 10 persons per site for the individual campsites.
• The individual campsites in Loop A of The Needles Campground will be operated on a first come-first served basis; campsites in Loop B are available through a reservation system. Sites may not be held for parties arriving later.
• Soliciting campers to share sites is prohibited.
• Checkout time is 10 am.
• The use of generators is restricted to the follow­ing hours: between 8 am and 10 am, and between 4 pm and 8 pm.
• Quiet hours must be adhered to between 10 pm and 8 am. Quiet hours require that no unreasonable noise be created or sustained.
• Open fires are allowed only in the fire grates provided. Barbecues, Hibachis, etc., are also allowed in campsites where fire grates are provided.
• Camping fees are to be paid and deposited within 30 minutes of occupying a site. Sites not paid for will be considered unoccupied and available for use.
• Where provided, tent pads must be used for the placement of tents or sleeping pads. Where tent pads do not exist, tents must be placed no further than 25 feet from the designated fire grate.

Determination: The restrictions in the front country campgrounds of Canyonlands National Park are vital for safeguarding natural resources, ensuring visitor safety, and preserving the park's fragile ecosystems. By regulating camping activities, including occupancy limits and food storage practices, the park reduces the likelihood of wildlife encounters and conflicts, promoting a harmonious relationship between visitors and the natural environment. These regulations encourage responsible camping behaviors, prevent environmental degradation, and help maintain the park's cleanliness and integrity for all guests. Furthermore, limiting the number of permits and occupancy levels effectively manages visitor impact, ensuring a sustainable experience while protecting the park's stunning landscapes and biodiversity for future generations.

Group Campsites:

The following conditions apply to the group campsites designated below:

• Group sites may be reserved for a maximum of seven (7) days per reservation.
• Group sites may not be reserved more than twice in any calendar year by the same user group.
• Group site capacities:

Group Site	Vehicles	People
Dutch Oven	10	50
Wooden Shoe	5	25
Split Top Cave	3	15

Determination: These regulations are essential for protecting resources and enhancing visitor enjoyment. By limiting reservations to a maximum of seven days and allowing only two reservations per year per group, the park promotes equitable access and minimizes environmental impact. Additionally, setting clear capacities for group sites helps manage visitor numbers, reducing overcrowding and preserving the park's natural beauty while encouraging responsible camping practices.

Backcountry Vehicle Campsites

Camping at the following designated backcountry areas is restricted to the maximum capacities per site. Camping with vehicles is restricted to designated sites by backcountry use permit only. Each site is identified by boundary posts defining the perimeters of the campsite area. Sleeping, cooking, and social activities must take place within the boundaries of the four posts. Checkout time is 10 am.

Island in the Sky District Campsites

Area	Site Name	Number of Sites	Capacity (Vehicles)	Capacity (People)
White Rim	Taylor Canyon	1	3	15
	Labyrinth	2	3	15
	Hardscrabble	2	3	15
	Potato Bottom	3	3	15
	Candlestick	1	3	15
	Murphy	3	3	15
	White Crack	1	3	15
	Gooseberry	2	3	15
	Airport	4	3	15
Shafer Canyon	Shafer	1	3	15

Needles District Campsites

Area	Site Name	Number of Sites	Capacity (Vehicles)	Capacity (People)
Salt Creek	Peek-a-boo	2	3	10
Elephant Hill	Devils Kitchen	4	3	10
	Bobby Jo	2	3	10
	Horsehoof Arch	1	3	10
	New Bates Wilson	1	3	10

Maze District Campsites

Area	Site Name	Number of Sites	Capacity (Vehicles)	Capacity (People)
Maze Area	Doll House	3	3	9
	Chimney Rock	1	3	9
	The Wall	1	3	9
	Standing Rock	1	3	9
	Maze Overlook	2	3	9
	Golden Stairs **	1	3	9
	Teapot Canyon **	1	3	9
	Sunset Pass **	1	3	9
Orange Cliffs	Flint Seep **	1	5	16
	The Neck **	1	3	9
	Happy Canyon **	1	3	9
High Spur	North Point **	1	3	9
	Panorama Point **	1	3	9
	Cleopatra's Chair **	1	3	9
	High Spur **	1	3	9
	Millard Canyon	1	3	9
	Ekker Butte **	1	3	9

**Campsites in the Orange Cliffs Unit of Glen Canyon National Recreation Area. All others are in Canyonlands National Park.

Groups larger than noted above must split up to meet the group size limits for the individual sites and camp in different campsites. Groups thus split must independently meet all requirements for overnight groups: separate permits with a different trip leader for each permit.

Campsite reservations may be limited to a designated number of nights in order to allow maximum public access. When reservations are restricted during high use seasons, visitors may not extend their stays by remaining in the site under a different permit.

Length of stay requirements apply to individuals, not just the permit holder.

Determination: The regulations for camping in designated backcountry areas of Canyonlands National Park are vital for protecting natural resources and ensuring a quality experience for all visitors. By enforcing maximum site capacities and requiring camping with vehicles to occur only at designated sites, the park minimizes environmental impacts and preserves the integrity of the landscape. The requirement for activities to occur within clearly defined boundaries promotes responsible use and enhances safety. Additionally, splitting larger groups to comply with size limits ensures that more visitors can enjoy the backcountry, while restrictions on campsite reservations during peak seasons help manage demand and maintain access for all. These measures collectively foster a sustainable camping experience and protect the park's unique ecosystems.

Roadless Areas Camping

A roadless area is defined as a zone where designated backcountry sites do not exist. Requirements for roadless area camping are as follows:

• At least one mile from and out of sight of front country roads, four-wheel-drive roads, trailheads, and developed areas.
• 300 feet from water sources, including seeps, potholes, springs, and streams; the Green and Colorado rivers are exceptions.
• 300 feet away from all prehistoric or historic cultural sites, including alcoves, rock images, surface scatters of lithic or ceramics, and partial or complete structures.
• On rock surfaces, previously disturbed areas, or surfaces without biological soil crusts or vegetation.

Additionally:

• All river rules and regulations apply when camping within ½ mile or 1,000 vertical feet from the Green and Colorado rivers. This includes having an approved toilet system and hard-sided firepan.
• Group size for overnight use in roadless areas shall not exceed seven (7) people in Island in the Sky and The Needles districts, and five (5) people in The Maze district. When larger backpacking groups split up to meet the group camping size limits, each sub-group must be equipped as a self- sustaining group. Each division of a larger group must have the ability to treat their own water, cook their own food, and must camp at least one mile apart from other divisions of the group in at-large camping zones, or at different sites in the designated campsite zones.
• Camping on the mesa top in the Island in the Sky district is restricted to zones open to camping as defined by the Canyonlands National Park Backcountry Management Plan.
• In The Maze district, the top of Pete's Mesa and areas below and visible from Maze Overlook are closed to camping.

Determination: The regulations for camping in roadless areas are essential for protecting natural and cultural resources and viewsheds while ensuring a positive visitor experience. By requiring camping to be at least one mile from roads and developed areas, as well as 300 feet from water sources and cultural sites, the park minimizes human impact on sensitive ecosystems. Encouraging use of previously disturbed areas helps preserve fragile habitats, while applying river regulations near the Green and Colorado rivers ensures safe practices. Group size limits promote responsible use, and restrictions on camping zones further protect the landscape. Overall, these measures foster sustainable camping and enhance the enjoyment of the park's natural beauty.

Food Storage

(d) In any paved campground or designated backcountry vehicle campsite, garbage must be disposed of in designated receptacles and may not be left in bags or other soft containers. Food must be stored in vehicles or hardened containers (with securing mechanisms in place) except when being prepared or consumed. Backpackers/cyclists/motorcyclists must store food and other scented items in such a way as to prevent access by wildlife.

Canyonlands National Park adheres to Yosemite National Park's list of approved storage containers. The park may change this list at any time to ensure the protection of wildlife and visitors. See the Yosemite website for the current list.

Needles district
Food, beverages, food and beverage containers, garbage, and all other scented items must be stored in park-approved hard sided animal-resistant food containers, capable of preventing access by wildlife, at least 100 feet from camp, in the following backcountry areas from March 15 through November 30.

• Salt Creek designated campsites
• Salt Creek/Horse Canyon zone
• Peekaboo campsites

Determination: The regulations regarding garbage and food storage are critical for protecting wildlife and ensuring visitor safety. In paved campgrounds and designated backcountry vehicle campsites, all garbage must be disposed of in designated receptacles, and food must be stored securely in vehicles or hard containers to prevent wildlife access.

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2.11 Picnicking

Picnicking shall be allowed in all areas except:

• Within The Needles and Island in the Sky campgrounds and group sites.
• When the activity would interfere with normal agency functions or visitor use activities already in progress

Garbage must be disposed of in designated receptacles and may not be left in bags or other soft containers. Food must be stored in vehicles or hardened containers (with securing mechanisms in place) except when being prepared or consumed.

Determination: This restriction is essential for preserving cleanliness and safety while protecting natural resources. Requirements for proper garbage disposal and food storage help prevent wildlife disturbances, promoting responsible visitor behavior and enhancing the overall experience in the park.

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2.13 Fires

Except during fire restrictions:

(a)(1) Open wood fires are allowed only in the provided fire rings located within

• The Needles campground
• Island in the Sky campground
• Wooden Shoe group site
• Split Top group campsite.

Wood gathering is not allowed anywhere in the park, except as provided for river use permits. (See Use Limits, Conditions, and Restrictions under River District.)

Cooking with charcoal is allowed at designated backcountry vehicle campsites. All charcoal and ash must be contained in a rigid and durable, hard sided fire pan or grill. Users must pack out fire pans or grills and all ash and charcoal. Backcountry users, subject to the terms of Canyonlands' Backcountry Management Plan and a backcountry use permit, are not permitted to have fires in the river corridor.

Campfires by holders of river use permits are subject to the terms of the following:

• Canyonlands River Management Plan,
• 36 CFR 2.1(a)(4), and
• a flatwater or Cataract river use permit.

For campfires on the river, only driftwood may be collected for firewood. Fire debris must be contained in a hard-sided fire pan at all times. All fire debris and ash must be packed out of the backcountry.

Determination: These fire regulations help prevent wildfires, conserve natural habitats, and maintain the cleanliness of the environment. By permitting open wood fires only in designated fire rings and prohibiting wood gathering, the park ensures responsible management of fire-related activities and protects sensitive ecosystems. Allowing charcoal cooking at designated backcountry vehicle campsites, while requiring all ash and debris to be packed out, further promotes environmental stewardship. Additionally, restrictions on campfires in the river corridor and the use of only driftwood for fires help safeguard wildlife and preserve the park's natural resources.

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2.14 Sanitation and Refuse

(b) Where toilet facilities are not provided, solid human waste including toilet paper must be containerized and carried out of the park by all boaters and backcountry users. Toilet systems must either (1) be the washable, reusable type allowing for the sanitary transfer of waste materials to septic vaults or sewage treatment facilities, or (2) use dry chemicals/enzymes to render solid human waste into nonhazardous products acceptable for disposal in permitted landfills. Chemically-treated human waste must be in hard-sided container(s) or puncture-resistant sealed dry bag(s) labelled ‘human waste.” Absorbent material, such as kitty litter, does not meet the standard listed above, and cannot be used.

Toilets are not provided in the following backcountry areas:

• The Maze district vehicle campsites
• New Bates Wilson backcountry vehicle site
• Peekaboo sites in The Needles district.

Campers at these sites are required to carry out solid human waste in a portable toilet system outlined above.

Determination: This restriction serves to protect public health, natural resources, and water quality.

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2.15 Pets

(a)(1) Pets are prohibited in any backcountry area, including within vehicles on designated backcountry roads, on any hiking trails, at any overlook, or any sidewalk or pathway leading to an overlook as defined on the Canyonlands brochure, or any river trip within the park, or in the Horseshoe Canyon unit of the park. The following exceptions apply:

• Pets may be possessed by motorists traversing the park in a single day via the Potash/Shafer Canyon route at Island in the Sky. Pets must be on a leash at all times when not in the vehicle, and must remain on the designated road surface only. Any pet fecal material deposited on the ground must be collected and removed from the park.
• During winter and spring periods when the road to Beef Basin via Cathedral Butte is closed by snow/mud, persons with pets are allowed to transit The Needles district via the park’s designated transit route (Elephant Hill-Devil’s Lane-Bobby’s Hole). Pets must be on a leash at all times when not in the vehicle, and must remain on the designated road surface only. Any pet fecal material deposited on the ground must be collected and removed from the park.
• Service dogs and service horses that are trained to perform a specific task to support a person with a disability are allowed. Therapy dogs/horses, companion dogs/horses, comfort dogs/horses, and the like, are not service dogs or service horses. Owners of service dogs and service horses must comply with pet waste and restraint regulations, unless restraint specifically interferes with the task the dog/horse is trained to perform.
• Pets may not be led by leash from a bicycle or vehicle within Canyonlands National Park

(a)(3) Leaving a pet unattended is prohibited, except in the following circumstances:

• Pet is secured at a location where it will not interfere with wildlife or normal travel by other visitors, and
• Pet does not bark excessively or exhibit aggressive behavior, and
• Temperatures or conditions do not pose the risk of endangering the pet’s health, and
• The pet is not being left unattended overnight, and
• The pet is secured such that no resource damage occurs.

(a)(5) Pet excrement must be immediately collected by the pet handler and disposed of in the nearest trash receptacle.

(e) Pets kept by park residents will be maintained consistent with the provisions of this section and in accordance with provisions established by the Superintendent’s Housing Directive. The directive is hereby adopted and made part of these orders.

Determination: These restrictions serve to protect park natural/cultural resources, wildlife, and visitors from the negative impacts of domestic animals.

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2.16 Horses and Pack Animals

(a) Animals designated as pack animals shall be limited to the following:

• Horses
• Burros
• Mules
• Llamas

(b) Horse or pack animal use is allowed in the following designated areas only:

• All designated four-wheel-drive roads.
• Maze district: Horseshoe Canyon Unit – DAY-USE ONLY
• Needles district: Salt Creek Trail from Peekaboo to Angel Arch – DAY-USE ONLY.

(g) The following conditions are established for use of horses or pack animals:

• All pack and saddle stock users must obtain a backcountry use permit, either for day-use or overnight stays. Day-use permits are unlimited and free of charge, except in Salt Creek, Horse Canyon, and Lavender Canyon in The Needles district. For these areas, and for all overnight stays in the backcountry, permits are available through the Backcountry Permit Office, and there is a required fee.
• Group size for day-use is ten (10) people and ten (10) animals, except in Salt Creek, Horse Canyon, and Lavender Canyon in The Needles district, where use is limited to seven (7) animals per day.
• Group size for overnight use is seven (7) people and seven (7) animals in The Needles and Island in the Sky districts, and five (5) people and five (5) animals in The Maze district.
• Overnight use by pack and saddle stock is only allowed at designated backcountry vehicle campsites. All parties are required to remove and scatter manure upon vacating a campsite. Animals may not be ridden or kept overnight within the boundary posts of a campsite.
• Pack and saddle stock may not be left unattended. Only stakes with no more than eight (8) feet of rope may be used to secure animals in locations where there will be little or no soil crust or vegetation damage, 300 feet from water sources and 100 feet from campsites. All manure must be scattered from areas where animals are secured. High lines or picket lines attached to trees, hobbling, and fencing are not allowed.
• Animals may be tethered to vehicles or stock trailers, in the parking areas of designated campsites. In these parking areas, trailheads, and other loading areas, all manure MUST be picked up prior to departing.
• All pack and saddle animals must be fed certified weed-free pellets or forage (hay, straw, and mulch) for 48 hours in advance of a trip. Proof of certification tags required. Forage may not be taken beyond trailheads. Pelletized feed, hay cubes, and grain products must be used in the backcountry. Feed may not be left on the ground; a feedbag, tarp, or similar must be used. All unused food will be packed out.
• Grazing, or loose herding of pack and saddle stock is not allowed in the park; grazing of park vegetation is not permitted.
• Where possible, horses will be watered downstream from the source. Manure must be removed immediately if dropped in or near any spring or non-flowing water source.
• Pack and saddle stock may not be ridden or kept overnight in any established roadside campground.
• Commercial use of saddle and pack stock is prohibited.
• Lost or dead stock animals within park boundaries will be reported to the park as soon as possible. If an animal dies within the park, it is the owner's (or responsible person’s) responsibility to remove the carcass from the park or make arrangements for its proper disposal in a timely manner.

Determination: These restrictions serve to protect biological soil crust and other natural resources. Hiking trails and routes are not compatible with stock.

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2.21 Smoking

(a) Smoking and the use of electronic smoking devices is prohibited in all public use and administrative buildings and facilities, and in all government-owned or -leased vehicles.

Determination: These restrictions are intended to protect public/employee health and government property from the effects of smoking and minimize the risk of fire/explosions in fuel storage areas. They also serve to minimize the risks of wildland fires during extreme weather conditions.

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2.22 Property

(a)(2) Park visitors may leave their vehicles unattended for the time period specified on their valid backcountry use permit.

Caching water and food supplies for extended backcountry trips will be allowed with prior approval of the district ranger. Visitors wishing to cache supplies should submit a request with their request for a backcountry use permit.

Traditional geocaches are prohibited.

Virtual caches and waymarks within the park must be approved by the superintendent on a case-by-case basis to ensure they align with park management goals. This review process evaluates whether the virtual caches will impact park resources, disrupt visitor experiences, or interfere with the natural and cultural integrity of the area, thereby maintaining the tranquility and purpose of the park.

Determination: These regulations prioritize the safety of visitors and the preservation of the park's natural resources. Allowing a specific timeframe for leaving vehicles unattended encourages responsible visitor behavior while ensuring compliance with backcountry camping permits. The decision to prohibit traditional geocaches is rooted in the need to protect sensitive ecosystems from disruption. Meanwhile, the requirement for superintendent approval of virtual caches ensures that any recreational activities align with the park’s objectives, maintaining the ecological balance and enhancing the overall visitor experience without compromising the park's integrity.

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2.23 Recreation Fees

(b) The following areas within Canyonlands National Park are designated recreation fee areas:

• The Needles district
• Island in the Sky district

Frontcountry group and individual campsites are designated fee sites.

Determination: Recreation fees in designated areas of Canyonlands National Park, including the Needles and Island in the Sky districts, are vital for funding park maintenance and conservation efforts. By designating front country group and individual campsites as fee sites, the park ensures the sustainability of facilities and resources, enhancing the visitor experience and preserving the park's unique landscapes for future generations.

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2.35 Alcoholic Beverages and Controlled Substances

(a)(3)(i) All public use buildings of the park are closed to the consumption of alcoholic beverages except during officially sanctioned activities when the building is closed to the general public.

Determination: The consumption of alcoholic beverages is prohibited for public safety concerns and the orderly management of the facilities.

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2.51 Public Assemblies, Meetings

Locations designated as “First Amendment” areas—that is, available for demonstrations, the sale or distribution of printed matter, and the free distribution of other message bearing items—are shown on the “First Amendment” maps attached to this document.

Alternative locations may be approved by the superintendent on a case-by-case basis, and will be reviewed to ensure that the activity(ies) will not cause injury or damage to park resources; unreasonably impair the atmosphere of peace and tranquility maintained in wilderness, natural, historic, or commemorative zones; unreasonably interfere with interpretive, visitor service, or other program activities, or with the administrative activities of the National Park Service; substantially impair the operation of public use facilities or services of National Park Service concessioners, holders of commercial use authorizations, or contractors; present a clear and present danger to the public health and safety; or be incompatible with the nature and traditional use of the particular park area involved.

Note: Gathering for the purpose of expressing views and making statements such as are protected under the First Amendment does not require a permit as long as the activity takes place in one of the designated "First Amendment" areas indicated in this document and the involved group is fewer than 25 people. Groups larger than 25 people need a permit. Printed matter, used as part of a "First Amendment" activity may be allowed in the "First Amendment" area without a permit for groups with fewer than 25 people.

Determination: These restrictions are essential for balancing the rights of individuals to express their views with the need to protect park resources and maintain tranquility. Designating specific “First Amendment” areas ensures that activities such as demonstrations and the distribution of printed materials occur in locations that minimize potential conflicts with visitors and park operations.

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2.62 Memorialization

All undeveloped areas are open to the scattering of human ashes from cremation, pursuant to conditions of a special use permit issued by the superintendent, with the exception of archeological sites and standing pools of water, potholes, or side streams and creeks. Human ashes may be scattered in the main stem of the Green and/or Colorado rivers.

Determination: These restrictions are implemented to ensure respectful and environmentally responsible practices while preserving the park's natural and cultural resources. Allowing the scattering of ashes in undeveloped areas, under a special use permit, facilitates personal memorialization while minimizing impact on sensitive sites, such as archaeological locations and water sources. By prohibiting scattering in standing water and sensitive ecosystems, these measures protect the integrity of the park's landscapes and water quality, balancing personal memorialization with the need for environmental stewardship.

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4.11 Load Weight and Size Limits

(b)(1) Vehicles (or a combination of vehicles and trailers) which exceed 21 feet in overall length are prohibited from traveling on the Elephant Hill Access Road and the Elephant Hill Road system in The Needles district, and the Teapot Rock 4WD road north of the Teapot Rock Campsite in The Maze district.

Determination: This restriction is crucial for ensuring safety and protecting the park's infrastructure. By prohibiting longer vehicles the park minimizes the risk of accidents and damage to narrow, rugged routes. This restriction also enhances the overall visitor experience by maintaining the integrity of these scenic roads, allowing for safer navigation and preserving the natural beauty of the landscape for all users.

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4.21 Speed Limits

(b) The speed limit on backcountry roads within the park is 15 miles per hour unless otherwise posted. Speed limits on paved roads within the park are as posted.

Determination: This restriction aims to improve vehicle control on rugged backcountry roads, ensure the safety of visitors and wildlife, minimize noise pollution, and enhance the overall tranquility and experience of the park.

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4.30 Bicycles

(i)(1) Bicycles and electric bicycles are allowed on park roads and in parking areas that are open to motor vehicle use by the public.

Determination: The regulations permitting bicycles and electric bicycles on park roads is designed to enhance access while ensuring visitor safety. By allowing bicycles only in areas open to motor vehicles, the park can better manage traffic and reduce conflicts between users.

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Appendices

 

First Amendment Area: Island in the Sky

The First Amendment area is located in the northwest corner of the Island in the Sky Visitor Center parking lot. View a larger version of this image.

 

First Amendment Area: The Needles

The First Amendment area is located at the northwest corner of the Needles Visitor Center patio. View a larger version of this image.

 

First Amendment Area: The Maze (Hans Flat)

The First Amendment area is located at the northwest corner of Hans Flat Ranger Station's parking area. View a larger version of this image.

 

Park Map

To view the roads of Canyonlands National Park, visit the Maps page, click "Park Tiles" in the upper left corner of the map viewer, then select "Brochure Map." Maps page

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Area Protection - Wildlife

Wildlife Closures

• Except for administrative activities, the areas identified in the below table entitled Climbing Area Closures for Wildlife Protection are closed to all visitor use.
• Lower Big Spring and Lower Little Spring Canyon, Lower Salt Creek (below the Lower Jump), and Lower Elephant Canyon are close to all human entry from March 15 to September 1 for the protection of desert bighorn sheep.
• Cataract Canyon from lower Red Lake Canyon to the mouth of Y and Cross Canyons is restricted to day use only from December 1 to February 28 for the protection of Bald Eagles.

Climbing Area Closures for Wildlife Protection

Closures to climbing routes will remain in effect through the end of the termination date specified below, or until surveys determine the associated habitat to be unoccupied by nesting raptors and/or lambing desert bighorn sheep.

Park Area	Feature Name	Route Name(s)	Effective Date	Termination Date	Justification
Monument Basin	Monument Basin	Century Crack	1 Mar	31 Aug	Proximity to raptor nest
NW Boundary	Horsethief Point	Charlie Horse Needle	15 Mar	15 Aug	Proximity to raptor nest
Shafer Canyon		Witness the Wilderness	1 Mar	31 Aug	Proximity to raptor nest
Taylor Canyon	Moses and Zeus	Moses and Zeus	15 Mar	31 Aug	Proximity to bighorn sheep lambing habitat
White Rim	Airport Tower	Airport Tower	15 Mar	31 Aug	Proximity to bighorn sheep lambing habitat
White Rim	Little Bridge Canyon Rim	Necronomicon (Book of the Dead)	1 Mar	31 Aug	Proximity to raptor nest
	Little Bridge Canyon Rim	Army of Darkness	1 Mar	31 Aug	Proximity to raptor nest
	Gray's Pasture Pt.	Chip and Dale Towers	1 Mar	31 Aug	Proximity to raptor nest
	Candlestick Tower	Candlestick Tower	1 Mar	31 Aug	Proximity to raptor nest
	Washer Woman	Washer Woman	15 Mar	31 Aug	Proximity to bighorn sheep lambing habitat
	Washer Woman	Monster Tower	15 Mar	31 Aug	Proximity to bighorn sheep lambing habitat

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