On-line Book



Book Cover
GRTE-N-1


MENU

Cover

Contents

Abstract

Introduction

Study Area

Elk Population

Population Dynamics

Elk Habits

Effects on Habitats

Elk Management

Ecology

Discussion

Acknowledgements

Appendices

Bibliography





Research Report GRTE-N-1
The Elk of Grand Teton and Southern Yellowstone National Parks
National Park Service Arrowhead

LITERATURE CITED

Allee, W. C., O. Park, A. E. Emerson, T. Park, and K. P. Schmidt. 1959. Principles of animal ecology. W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia and London. 837 p.

Allred, W. J. 1950. Elk tagging in Wyoming. Wyoming Wildl. 14(1):4-9, 35-38.

Anderson, C. C. 1958. The elk of Jackson Hole. Wyoming Game and Fish Comm. Bull. 10. 182 p.

(Anonymous). 1915. Report on investigations of the elk herds in the Yellowstone regions of Wyoming, Montana, and Idaho. Submitted to the U. S. Dept. Agr. Biol. Surv. and Forest Serv. 59 p. On file, Yellowstone National Park. (typewritten).

Barnes, W. C. 1912. Report on the elk using the ranges of the national forests surrounding the Yellowstone National Park. U. S. Forest Serv. Rep. 71 p. On file, Teton National Forest. (typewritten)

Beetle, A. A. 1952. A 1951 survey of summer elk range in the Teton Wilderness Area. Wyoming Range Mgmt. Issue 51. 5 p. (mimeographed)

Beetle, A. A. 1962. Range survey in Teton County, Wyoming. Part 2. Utilization and condition classes. Univ. of Wyoming Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull, 400. 38 p.

Bendt, R. H. 1960. Progress report of the Jackson Hole and Southern Yellowstone elk herd study. Nat. Park Serv. Prog. Rep. 79 p. On file, Grand Teton National Park. (typewritten)

Bergerud, A. T. 1967. Management of Labrador caribou. J. Wildl. Mgmt. 31(4):621-641.

Booth, W. E., and J. C. Wright. 1959. Flora of Montana, Part II. Res. Found, at Montana State Coll., Bozeman. 232 p.

Brazda, A. R. 1953. Elk migration patterns and some of the factors affecting movements in the Gallatin River drainage, Montana. J. Wildl. Mgmt. 17(1):9-23.

Brown, R. C. 1947. The Jackson Hole Elk Herd, its history, range, and management. Wyoming Wildl. XI(12):1-12.

Burkholder, B. L. 1959. Movements and behavior of a wolf pack in Alaska. J. Wildl. Mgmt. 23(1):1-11.

Cahalane, V. H. 1949. Third Report: Observations on migrations of the Southern Yellowstone elk herd—November 1948. U. S. Dept. Inter., Nat, Park Serv., 33 p. (mimeographed).

Cole, G. F. 1963. Range survey guide. Rev. ed. Grand Teton Nat. Hist. Ass. 22 p.

Cole, G. F. 1965. Elk ecology and management investigations. Nat. Park Serv. Prog. Rep. 1964-65. 100 p. (mimeographed).

Cole, G. F. 1966. Elk ecology and management investigations. Nat. Park Serv. Prog. Rep. 1965-66. 64 p. (mimeographed).

Cole, G. F. 1967. Elk ecology and management investigations. Nat. Park Serv. Prog. Rep. 1966-67. 52 p. (mimeographed).

Cottam, G., and J. R. Curtis. 1949. A method of making rapid surveys on woodlands by means of pairs of randomly selected trees. Ecology 30:101-104.

Cowan, I. McT. 1947. The timber wolf in the Rocky Mountain National Parks of Canada. Can. J. Res. 25:139-174.

Craighead, J. J. 1952. A biological and economic appraisal of the Jackson Hole Elk Herd. New York Zool. Soc. and Conserv. Found. 32 p.

Croft, R. A., and L. Ellison. 1960. Watershed and range conditions on Big Game Ridge and vicinity. U. S. Forest Service, Ogden. 37 p.

Daubenmire, R. F. 1953. Classification of the conifer forests of eastern Washington and northern Idaho. NW. Science 27(1):17-24.

Daubenmire, R. F. 1959. A canopy coverage method of vegetation analysis. NW. Science 33(1):43-64.

Daubenmire, R. F. 1968. Plant communities, a textbook of plant synecology. Harper and Rowe, New York. 300 p.

Davis, R. J. 1952. Flora of Idaho. Wm. C. Brown Co., Dubuque, Iowa. 828 p.

Ellison, L. 1954. Subalpine vegetation of the Wasatch Plateau, Utah. Ecol. Monogr. 24:89-184.

Elton, C. 1935. Animal ecology, The Macmillan Co., New York. 209 p.

Errington, P. L. 1946. Predation and vertebrate populations. Quart. Rev. Biol. 21:144-177, 221-245.

Etkin, W. 1964. Social behavior and organization among vertebrates. Univ. of Chicago Press. 307 p.

Evermann, B. W. 1892. A reconnaissance of streams and lakes of western Montana and northwest Wyoming. pp. 3-60. In 1893 Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission, Vol. XI. U. S. Government Printing Office. 431 p.

Frick, C. 1937. Horned ruminants of North America. Amer. Mus. Natur. Hist. Bull. 69. 669 p.

Fryxell, F. M. 1930. Glacial features of Jackson Hole, Wyoming. Augustana Libr. Publ. 13, 129 p.

Graves, H. S., and E. W. Nelson. 1919. Our national elk herds. U. S. Dept. Agr. Circ. 51. 34 p.

Greer, K. R. 1966a. Fertility rates of the northern Yellowstone elk populations. 46th Annu. Conf. Western Assoc. State Fish and Game Comm., Butte, Montana. 5 p. (mimeographed)

Greer, K. R. 1966b. Special collections-Yellowstone elk study. Mont. Fish and Game Dept. Prog. Rep., 3 p. (mimeographed)

Haines, A. L. (ed.) 1965. Osborne Russell's journal of a trapper. Bison Book ed., Univ. of Nebraska Press, Lincoln. 191 p.

Hayden, E. W. 1956. History of Jackson Hole, Wyoming. p. 8-19. In Jackson Hole Field Conf. Guidebook. Wyoming Geol. Ass. 239 p.

Hopkins, D. M. 1965. The Cenozoic history of Berengia—a synthesis. pp. 451-484. In D. M. Hopkins (ed.) 1967. The Bering land bridge. Stanford Univ. Press, California.

Houston, D. B. 1967. The Shiras moose in Jackson Hole, Wyoming. Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. of Wyoming. 144 p.

Houston, D. B. 1968a. Elk ecology and management investigations. Nat. Park Serv. Progr. Rep. 73 p. (mimeographed)

Houston, D. B. 1968b. The Shiras moose in Jackson Hole, Wyoming. Grand Teton Nat. Hist. Ass. Tech. Bull. 1, 110 p.

Houston, D. B., and I. J. Yorgason. 1968. Elk migration study. Nat. Park Serv. and Wyoming Game and Fish Comm. Rep. 21 p. (mimeographed)

Jonkel, C. J. 1967. Black bear population studies. Mont. Fish and Game Dept. Compl. Rep. Proj. W-98-R-1-6, 148 p. (mimeographed)

Kind, N. V. 1965. Radiocarbon chronology in Siberia. pp. 172-192. In D. M. Hopkins (ed.) 1967. The Bering land bridge. Stanford Univ. Press, California.

Kittams, W. H. 1953. Reproduction of Yellowstone elk. J. Wildl. Mgmt. 17(2):177-184.

Kneipp, L. F. 1915. Working plan for a detailed study of elk problems within the Yellowstone Park region. Report to the U. S. Forest Service, Teton Nat. Forest files. 23 p. (typewritten)

Lomason, F., and C. Jenson. 1938. Grass volume tables for determining range utilization. Science 87:444.

Love, J. D., and J. C. Reed. 1968. Creation of the Teton landscape. Grand Teton Nat. Hist. Ass. 120 p.

Martinka, C. J. 1965. Population status, social habits, movements and habitat relationships of the summer elk of Jackson Hole Valley, Wyoming. M.S. Thesis, Montana State Coll., Bozeman. 62 p. (multilith)

Martinka, C. J. 1969. Population ecology of summer resident elk in Jackson Hole, Wyoming. J. Wildl. Mgmt. 33:465-481.

Mech, L. D. 1966. The wolves of Isle Royale. Nat. Park Serv. Fauna Ser. No. 7. 210 p.

Moen, A. N. 1968. Energy exchange of white-tailed deer, western Minnesota. Ecology 49(4):676-682.

Morrison, J. A., C. E. Trainer, and P. L. Wright. 1959. Breeding season in elk as determined from known-age embryos. J. Wildl. Mgmt. 23(1):27-34.

Murie, A. 1940. Ecology of the coyote in the Yellowstone. Nat. Park Serv. Fauna Ser. No. 4. 206 p.

Murie, A. 1944. The wolves of Mount McKinley. Nat. Park Serv. Fauna Ser. No. 5. 238 p.

Murie, O. J. 1929. Report on investigations of game animals in upper Yellowstone-Thorofare Region, as requested by the Yellowstone National Park Boundary Commission. 32 p. On file, Teton National Forest. (typewritten)

Murie, O. J. 1951. The elk of North America, The Stackpole Co., Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. 376 p.

Murphy, D. A., and J. A. Coates. 1966. Effects of dietary protein on deer. Trans. N. Amer. Wildl. Conf. 31:129-138.

National Park Service. 1968, Compilation of administrative policies for the national parks and national monuments of scientific significance (natural area category). U. S. Govt. Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 138 p.

Nowlin, D. C. 1904. Annual report of the Wyoming Game and Fish Commission. 26 p.

Nowlin, D. C. 1909. Annual report of the Wyoming Game and Fish Commission. 39 p.

Olson, S. F. 1938. A study in predatory relationships with particular reference to the wolf. Sci. Monthly 46:323-336.

Oswald, E. T. 1966. A synecological study of the forested moraines of the valley floor of Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming. Ph.D. Thesis, Montana State College, Bozeman. 101 p.

Parker, K. W. 1951?. A method for measuring trend in range condition on national forest ranges. U. S. Forest Serv. Rep. 26 p. On file, Yellowstone National Park. (mimeographed)

Péwé, T. L., and D. M. Hopkins. 1965. Mammal remains in pre-Wisconsin age in Alaska. pp. 266-270. In D. M. Hopkins (ed.) 1967. The Bering land bridge. Stanford Univ. Press, California.

Pimlott, D. H. 1967. Wolf predation and ungulate populations. Amer. Zool. 7(2):267-278.

Preble, E. A. 1911. Report on condition of elk in Jackson Hole, Wyoming, in 1911, U. S. Dept. Agr. Biol. Surv. Bull. 40, 23 p.

Pruitt, W. O., Jr. 1959. Snow as a factor in the winter ecology of the barren-ground caribou (Rangifer arcticus). Arctic 12(3):159-179.

Quimby, D. C., and J. E. Gaab. 1957. Mandibular dentition as an age indicator in Rocky Mountain elk. J. Wildl. Mgmt. 21(4):435-451.

Rajender, G. R., F. K. Harmston, and D. M. Blood. 1967. A study of the resources, people and ecology of Teton County. Univ. of Wyoming Rep., 66 p.

Roach, M. E. 1950. Estimating perennial grass utilization on semi-desert cattle ranges by percentage of ungrazed plants. J. Range Mgmt. 3(3):182-185.

Sheldon, C, 1927. The conservation of the elk of Jackson Hole, Wyoming. Report to Hon. Dwight F. Davis, The Secretary of War, Chairman of the President's Committee on Outdoor Recreation and Hon. Frank C. Emerson, Governor of Wyoming. 36 p.

Stenlund, W. H. 1955. A field study of the timber wolf (Canis lupus) on the Superior National Forest, Minnesota. Minnesota Dept. of Conserv. Tech. Bull. No. 4, 55 p.

Verme, L. J. 1962. Mortality of white-tailed deer fawns in relation to nutrition. 1st Nat. Deer Disease Symp. Proc., Univ. of Georgia, Athens, p. 15-29.

Verme, L. J. 1963. Effect of nutrition on growth of white-tailed deer fawns. Trans. N. Amer. Wildl. Conf. 28:431-443.

Weaver, J. E., and F. E. Clements. 1938. Plant ecology. McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 601 p.

Wedel, W. R., W. H. Husted, and J. H. Moss. 1968. Mummy cave: prehistoric record from Rocky Mountains of Wyoming. Science 160(3824):184-185.

Yorgason, I. J. 1964. Jackson Hole Cooperative elk studies. Wyo. Game and Fish Comm. Compl. Rep. W-66-R-6, 18 p. (mimeographed).

Yorgason, I. J., and G. F. Cole. 1963. Elk migration and distribution study, Jackson Hole Herd. Wyo. Game and Fish Comm. and Nat. Park Serv. Rep., 9 p. (mimeographed).

Yorgason, I. J., and G. F. Cole. 1967. Elk migration study, Jackson Hole Elk Herd. Wyoming Game and Fish Comm. and Nat. Park Serv. Rep., 15 p. (mimeographed).








top of page Top




Last Modified: Tues, Jan 20 2004 10:00:00 pm PDT
http://www.cr.nps.gov/history/online_books/fauna8/faunab.htm

National Park Service's ParkNet Home