On-line Book



Book Cover
GRTE-N-1


MENU

Cover

Contents

Abstract

Introduction

Study Area

Elk Population

Population Dynamics

Elk Habits

Effects on Habitats

Elk Management

Ecology

Discussion

Acknowledgements

Appendices

Bibliography





Research Report GRTE-N-1
The Elk of Grand Teton and Southern Yellowstone National Parks
National Park Service Arrowhead

APPENDIX VII
Plants averaging 5 or more of the elk (percent/frequency percent or more of the recorded use or used at 25 percent feeding sites on the deciduous and coniferous forest types and * less than 5 percent).


Deciduous forest
Coniferous forest
WinterSpring SummerWinter SpringSummerFall

Bluegrass33/7524/562/59
1/28

Needlegrass3/25



*/27
Wheatgrass1/755/565/659/56


Brome*/256/6210/701/25


Ricegrass*/25





Sedge2/506/566/5918/6619/786/3851/89
Rush*/25





Pinegrass
5/191/415/2518/671/31
Oniongrass

1/35



Oatgrass


2/25


Wild Rye


1/25


Total Grass43502537401052

Lupine3/751/371/47
2/396/613/33
Aster1/5011/6913/706/786/679/424/44
Goldenrod*/25





Sweetclover1/50





Horsetail*/25





Parsley
2/50

*/28

Clover
4/37




Dandelion
5/626/59

11/46
Strawberry
1/31




Geranium
8/502/59
3/442/35
Agoseris
4/445/47
2/394/27
Cinquefoil
1/25




Buckwheat
1/25




Microseris
1/311/29



Yarrow

1/53



Harebell

3/47



Bedstraw

1/29



Violet

1/25



Balsamroot


1/442/33

Arnica



11/44

Fireweed




1/27
Total Forbs64950939478

Willow14/50
2/33


Narrowleaf cottonwood10/50




Aspen8/2512/355/44


Silverberry5/75




Serviceberry4/25
4/55


Bitterbrush3/50




Russet buffaloberry2/50
6/55


Silver sagebrush2/25




Kinnikinnick1/50




Rose1/50
2/66


Honeysuckle1/503/252/25


Snowberry

3/44


Chokecherry
2/2511/33


Oregon grape

2/44

2/55
Lodgepole pine

2/33


Limber pine

2/33


Big sagebrush

1/25


Douglas-fir

*/44


Snowbush


5/28
8/22
Spirea


7/2814/4210/78
Huckleberry


5/1012/505/44
Pachystima



5/1913/44
Gooseberry



3/25
Pipsissewa




1/33
Total Shrubs5112554214340








top of page Top




Last Modified: Tues, Jan 20 2004 10:00:00 pm PDT
http://www.cr.nps.gov/history/online_books/fauna8/faunaa7.htm

National Park Service's ParkNet Home