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EISENHOWER
Cultural Landscape Report, Volumes 1 and 2 |
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER (HTML)
Volume 1: Site History, Existing Conditions, and Analysis
COVER (PDF)
CONTENTS (PDF)
PREFACE (PDF)
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS (PDF)
INTRODUCTION (PDF)
Eisenhower NHS Overview
Purpose of Report
Methodology
Organization of Report
CHAPTER 1: RECORD OF LAND OWNERSHIP, CA 1749 — 1950 (PDF)
Early Records, ca 1749-1799
Manor of Maske
Farms #1 and #2: Quintain Armstrong
Farm #3: John Murphy
Clement Redding Farm: Willoughby Winchester / Thomas Douglas
Subdividing the Landholdings, 1800-1859
Farm #1: Quintain Armstrong, Jr, et al
Farm #2: Isaac Armstrong, et al
Farm #3: Daniel Murphy, et al
Clement Redding Farm: Hugh McGaughy / David Sandoe
Civil War and Effects, 1860-1899
Farm #1: John Biesecker, et al
Farm #2: Stewart, et al
Farm #3: Pitzer Family
Clement Redding Farm: David Sandoe
Early 20th Century, 1900-1950
Farm #1: Allen Redding
Allen Redding Purchase
Farm Operations
Dairy and Poultry
Agriculture
Redding Improvements
Buildings and Structures
Water Supply
Ornamental Vegetation
Farm #2: Beard Family, et al
Farm #3: William Redding, Bernard Redding
Clement Redding Farm: Joseph Redding, Clement Redding
CHAPTER 2: THE EISENHOWERS AND FARM #1, 1951-1969 (PDF)
Acquisition and Renovation
The Eisenhowers Purchase Farm #1
General Arthur Nevins as Farm Manager
Winning the Presidency
New Home Construction
The Farm as a Home, Retreat and Showplace
John and Delores Moaney
Retirement Years
Farm #1 Ornamental Landscape
Initial Renovation Ideas
Chief Walter A West
Area 1: Entry Gate and Drive
Renovation
Fencing
Entry Drive Allee
Additional Plantings
Windbreak
Helipad
Small-scale Features
Concrete Bench and Gold Sundial
South Guardhouse
Hitching Post
Security Lighting
Stone Retaining Wall
Walkways
Area 2: Main House
Lawns
Vegetation at Front Entry/North and South Sideyards
Sunporch and Rear Terrace
South Lawn and Drying Yard
North Flower Garden
East Rose Garden
Barbecue/Teahouse
General Eisenhower at the Grill
Construction of the Barbecue/Teahouse
Landscaping the Site
Putting Green
General Eisenhower Golfs at Gettysburg
Golf at the Farm
Using the New Green
Green Maintenance
Trees in East Lawn
Flagpole
Small-scale Features
Basketball Net
Bird-related Features
Fencing
Lanterns
Patio Furniture
Railroad Bells
Sundial
Wooden Planters
Area 3: Barn
Barn Renovations
Vegetation Around Barn
Guesthouse
Storage Building
Adenauer Rose Garden
Quonset Hut
Small-scale Features
Air Conditioning Compressor
Bird Coop
Dog Pens
Fire Hydrant
Gas Pumps
Retaining Wall
Walkways
Well
Area 4: South Gardens
Greenhouses
Vegetable Gardens
South Rose Garden
Playhouse
Nut Trees
Septic System
Small-scale Features
Security Lights
Walkways
Area 5: Orchard
Area 6: Pastures and Fields
Skeet Range
Equipment Shed
Pond
Farm Animals
Horses
Other animals
Game Birds
CHAPTER 3: EISENHOWER FARMS, 1951-1969 (PDF)
W Alton Jones and Farms #2 and #3
Privacy Issues
Purchases by W Alton Jones
Farm #2 Purchase
Flaharty Tract Purchase
Farm #3 Purchase
Pitzer Schoolhouse Purchase
Donation of Farms #2 and #3 to the National Park Service
Eisenhower Farms Operation
Angus Show Herd, 1951-1966
Feeder Operation, 1967-1969
Agriculture, 1951-1969
Soil Improvements
Contour Farming
Irrigation
Farm Improvements
Farm Roads
Fencing
Stream Improvements
Miscellaneous Farm Items
Farm #2 Improvements
Buildings and Structures
Farm Landscape
Farm #3 Improvements
Donation of Farm #1 to the National Park Service
Clement Redding Farm: Redding Ownership
CHAPTER 4: NPS MANAGEMENT AND EXISTING CONDITIONS, 1970-2005 (PDF)
Early National Park Service Management
Additional Land Acquisitions
Summary of Landscape Changes and Existing Conditions
Farm #1
Farm #2
Farm #3
Clement Redding Farm
Pitzer Schoolhouse
Smith and Rinehard Tracts
Eisenhower NHS Farming Operations
Agricultural Special Use Permits
Historic Leasing Program
Fencing
CHAPTER 5: ANALYSIS OF SIGNIFICANCE AND INTEGRITY (PDF)
Analysis of Significance
National Register and National Historic Landmark Status
Areas of Significance
Integrity of the Historic Landscape
Evaluation of Landscape Characteristics
Spatial Organization, Topography, and Response to Natural Features and Systems
Land Use and Cultural Conditions
Agricultural Use
Domestic Use
Utilitarian Use
Vegetation
Ornamental Plantings
Functional Vegetation
Natural Vegetation
Views
Circulation
Vehicular Circulation
Pedestrian Circulation
Other Circulation
Buildings, Structures, and Cluster Arrangements
Small-scale Features and Utilities
The Farm Landscape
The Domestic Landscape
Fences
Archeology
Summary of Analysis and Evaluation
BIBLIOGRAPHY (PDF)
Books and Published Sources
Reports and Unpublished Materials
Maps, Plans, and Drawingss
Interviews
APPENDICES
Appendix A: 1955, 1967, 1969 Historic Plan (PDF)Appendix B: Tree/Shrub/Flower Donations (PDF)
Appendix C: Vegetation Survey for Farm #1 (PDF)
Appendix D: 1960 Soil Conservation Plan (PDF)
Appendix E: 1980 Soil Conservation Plan (PDF)
Appendix F: 1983 Fence Details (PDF)
Volume 2: Treatment
CONTENTS (PDF)
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS (PDF)
INTRODUCTION (PDF)
Relationship to Existing Planning Documents
CHAPTER 1: TREATMENT ALTERNATIVES AND IMPLICATIONS (PDF)
Treatment Alternatives
Preservation
Rehabilitation
Restoration
Reconstruction
Preferred Treatment Alternative
Treatment principles
CHAPTER 2: TREATMENT ISSUES AND RECOMMENDATIONS (PDF)
A Spatial Organization, Topography, Response to Natural Features and Systems
A-1 Diversity of landscape features
A-2 Management of natural succession
B Land Use and Cultural Traditions: Crops, Grazing, Former Pond, and Wildlife Management
B-1 Changes in use of fields
B-2 Farm practices and machinery
B-3 Crop rotations
B-4 Grazing fields
B-5 Grazing along the stream between Farms #1 and #2
B-6 Former pond, between Farms #1 and #2
B-7 Deer management
B-8 Rodent management
B-9 Bird coveys near creeks and woodlands
B-10 Protected species
C Vegetation and Views: Stream Corridors, Vegetated Screens, and Ornamental Plantings
C-1 Wind damage to white pine trees
C-2 Overgrown plantings, competition with large trees, and loss of understory plantings
C-3 Plants requiring a high level of maintenance and pruning
C-4 Unchecked growth of fencerows
C-5 Effect of unchecked stream vegetation on views
C-6 Native versus non-native species
C-7 Shortage of water for moisture-loving plants and young replacement plants
C1 Vegetation - Farm #1
Area 1: Entry gate and drive (Gate area, #s 1-32)
Area 1: Entry gate and drive (Gate to orchard, #s 33-150)
Area 1: Entry gate and drive (Orchard to windbreak, #s 151-208)
Area 1: Entry gate and drive (Windbreak and turnaround, #s 209-265)
Area 2: Main house (Front entry, north and south sideyards, #s 1-28)
Area 2: Main house (Teahouse and barbecue, #s 29-50)
Area 2: Main house (East lawn, #s 51-58)
Area 2: Main house (South lawn and drying yard, #s 59-66)
Area 2: Main house (Rear terrace, #s 67-111)
Area 2: Main house (Putting green # 112)
Area 3: Barn (Visitor reception center, #s 1-60)
Area 3: Barn (Screen between barn and house, #s 61-86)
Area 3: Barn (Guesthouse, #s 87-106)
Area 3: Barn (West side, #s 107-115)
Area 4: South gardens (#s 1-8)
Area 5: Orchard (#s 1-41)
Area 6: Pastures and fields
C1-1 Fencerows on Farm #1
C1-2 Vegetated screens on Farm #1
C2 Vegetation - Farm #2
House plantings (#s 1-36)
Pastures and fields
C2-1 Fencerows on Farm #2
C3 Vegetation - Farm #3
House plantings (#s 1-22)
Pastures and fields
C3-1 Vegetated screen on Farm #3
CR Vegetation - Clement Redding Farm
House plantings (#s 1-17)
Pastures and fields
CR-1 Weeds and invasives at barn
CR-2 Remnant vegetation
D Circulation: Accessibility, Paved and Gravel Surfaces
D1-1 Access around the domestic core
D1-2 Access to upper level of the bank barn
D1-3 Access at the skeet range
D1-4 Access from Farm #1 to Farm #2 and show barn
D1-5 Road surfaces and parking surfaces, Farm #1
D1-6 Pedestrian path surfaces, Farm #1
D2-1 Access around headquarters area, Farm #2
D2-2 Road surfaces and parking surfaces, Farm #2
D2-3 Culvert bridge and path from Farm #1 to Farm #2 and show barn
D3-1 Road surfaces, Farm #3
DR-1 Road surfaces, Clement Redding Farm
E Buildings and Structures
E2-1 Reconstruct bank barn, Farm #2
ER-1 Boundary stone wall, Clement Redding Farm
F Small-scale Features
F-1 Fences and gates
F1-1/F2-1 Benches and waysides, Farms #1 and #2
F1-2 Tree plaques, laundry pole, and rocking chairs, Farm #1
F2-2 Septic system caps, Farm #2
F2-3 Ritchie fountains, Nelson water bowls, well and pump, concrete trough, Farm #2
F2-4 Utility poles, Farm #2
FR-1 Gas pump, Clement Redding Farm
G Archeological Resources
G-1 Archeological monitoring
H Summary of Recommendations
A Spatial Organization, Topography, Response to Natural Features and Systems
B Land Use and Cultural Traditions: Crops, Grazing, Former Pond, and Wildlife Management
C Vegetation and Views: Stream Corridors, Vegetated Screens, and Ornamental Plantings
D Circulation: Accessibility, Paved and Gravel Surfaces
E Buildings and Structures
F Small-scale Features
G Archeology
BIBLIOGRAPHY (PDF)
Books and Published Sources
Reports and Unpublished Materials
Maps, Plans, and Drawings
APPENDICES
Appendix A: Plant Species, Assessments, and Recommendations (PDF)Appendix B: Treatment Plans (PDF)
Appendix C: Product Specifications (PDF)
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Last Updated: 9-Apr-2007