Nonnative Species

Bright green parsley leaves grow in the Dean Heirloom Garden at Lincoln Home National Historic Site.

NPS/Mariah Perkins

The Lincoln Home and neighborhood reflect the years of Mr. Lincoln's residency, from 1844 - 1861. At that time, plant and animal life in the area was a combination of native and nonnative species. Many nonnative species were introduced by European settlers who developed the Midwestern landscape into agricultural communities and urban centers. Farmland crops like corn and soybeans eventually replaced native plants that grew in the Grand Prairie's rich soil. Livestock and other domesticated farm animals grazed the areas that were formerly inhabited by native species like bison (Bison bison) and elk (Cervus elaphus).

In the Springfield of Mr. Lincoln’s residency, hogs roamed the dirt streets scavenging for food and simultaneously cleaning the city streets. In fact, several attempts were made by local citizens to pass a "hog ordinance" that would legitimize the existence of hogs in their streets. Even the Lincoln family owned domesticated animals -- two horses, a cow, several cats, chickens, and of course, their dog, Fido.

Nonnative plant life was introduced into Springfield's urban center. Ornamental plants like peony (Paeonia species) and Rose of Sharon (Hibiscus syriacus) were sold in local nurseries, and herbs, fruits, and vegetables were grown in Springfield kitchen gardens. At the same time, native trees were cut down for construction and fuel. As nonnative plants became more prevalent in the urban landscape, they began to compete with native species.

Today, the Lincoln neighborhood has both native and nonnative plants and animals on site. Frequent sightings of feral cats and the presence of aggressive daylilies (Hemerocallis fulva) in the neighborhood yards are a reminder of nonnative species presence in the area.