• View of Grand Canyon National Park at sunset from the South Rim

    Grand Canyon

    National Park Arizona

November 2012 High-Flow Experiment


Water being released from Glen Canyon Dam in 2008
Quick Links
Campsites maps at 45,000 cfs river level
http://www.gcmrc.gov/gis/silvermap1.aspx

Bureau of Reclamation Glen Canyon Dam
http://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/gcdHFE/2012

2012 High-Flow Fact Sheet (250 kb PDF)
Flow Information - Camping Tips - High-Flow Protocol
 
River Mile 45: before & after high flow experiment

Rm 45 before 3/4/2008 (top) & after 3/14/2008 high-flow.

U.S. Geological Survey

On November 18, 2012 the Department of the Interior began increasing the release from Glen Canyon Dam for a high-flow experimental release (HFE) of approximately 42,000 cubic feet per second (cfs) for 24 hours.
Photos here. --- News Release here.

The goal of the high-flow experiment was to move sand stored in the river channel and redeposit it to rebuild eroded sandbars and beaches downstream of the Paria River in Grand Canyon National Park.

This release followed the science-based Protocol for High-Flow Experimental Releases from Glen Canyon Dam established in May 2012 and is a component of the Department's compliance with the Grand Canyon Protection Act of 1992.

The Grand Canyon Protection Act mandates that Glen Canyon Dam be operated in a manner that protects, mitigates adverse impacts to, and improves the values for which Grand Canyon National Park and Glen Canyon National Recreation were established.
 

Flow Information (download schedules by clicking on the graphics below)

Since 1996, releases from Glen Canyon Dam have generally ranged from 8,000 to 25,000 cfs. The increase in flow to approximately 42,000 cfs will change conditions on the Colorado River. Research has shown that some normally difficult rapids decrease in their technical difficulty, whereas other rapids become more technically challenging at higher flows.

There are inherent risks associated with recreational activities along the Colorado River corridor through Grand Canyon at all times. Additional caution should be taken during the HFE.

 
thumbnails of 3 2012 flow information downloads
Flow arrival times downstream in Grand Canyon may be downloaded as a table (left) or in map form (center). The release schedule at Glen Canyon Dam is also available (right). Click on the graphic(s) above that you would like to download. (PDF format)
 
At the start of the HFE on Sunday, November 18, the flow increased from 9,000 cfs by 1,500 cfs per hour for 22 hours until it reached the peak release flow of approximately 42,000 cfs. The peak release was held for 24 hours. Flows ramped down at a rate of 200 cfs per hour to 31,300 cfs, then continued down ramping at 1,000 and 1,500 cfs per hour until a base release of 9,000 cfs was reached. The total duration of the experiment from beginning to end was approximately five days .

Because of the distances downstream of the dam, increasing flows reached downstream locations at different times. Flows arrived at Phantom Ranch (River Mile 87) about 16 hours after release from Glen Canyon Dam, and almost two days after release at Pearce Ferry (River Mile 279). Specific information about flow levels at varying locations within Grand Canyon was posted before and during the high-flow experiment at Lees Ferry, Phantom Ranch, Pipe Creek, Backcountry Information Center and visitor centers.

Here is a link to the Bureau of Reclamation's 2012 High-Flow website.
Current flow at Lees Ferry: http://waterdata.usgs.gov/usa/nwis/uv?09380000
 
sample campsite map shows projected high flow water level.

River users and backpackers can use these maps to determine which campsites provide the most camping area at high flow.

Camp on Durable Surfaces

Because the river will be carrying a greater volume of water than usual, the size and availability of campsites along the Colorado River was different during the HFE. Most campsites were smaller during the HFE, and some particularly low lying campsites were not usable. The Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center has maps of campsites showing modeled shorelines at 45,000 cfs available online at http://www.gcmrc.gov/gis/silvermap1.aspx.

The area available for camping was smaller at most sites during the HFE, and river users and backpackers may have needed to set up tents closer to one another than they would during typical flows. It was especially important to follow Leave No Trace principles and travel and camp on durable surfaces during this HFE. Durable surfaces include bare sand above the high flow line, sites where people have previously camped and established trails.

 
old high-water vegetation zone.

Please do not camp in the pre-dam old high-water zone.

Camps should not be established in the pre-dam old high-water zone, which is marked by mesquite, catclaw acacia, and netleaf hackberry on rounded sandy slopes or higher sand terraces.

The old high-water zone is especially fragile because it no longer receives moisture, sand or nutrients from natural annual floods that reached over 100,000 cfs prior to the construction of Glen Canyon Dam and is not replenished by experimental high flows. Damage to root systems from soil compaction and erosion and to biological soil crusts by camping or social trails may be irreversible due to the extremely fragile nature of the old high-water zone.

 
 
View more chapters of the park's non-commercial river trip orientation video here or on YouTube

River users and backpackers were encouraged to communicate with each other and with river rangers about available campsites in order to protect the canyon's resources and to ensure a quality experience for everyone in the river corridor during the high flow and for those who follow.

 
Overview of Glen Canyon dam during 2008 flood with tubes open.

Glen Canyon Dam with tubes open during the 2008 high-flow.

High-Flow Protocol

The high-flow protocol is a framework for using dam operations to release high flows following tributary deposits of new sand into the main channel of the Colorado River. It was developed by the Department of the Interior pursuant to the National Environmental Policy Act based on the best available scientific information developed through the
Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program
and other sources of information.

The protocol builds on a wealth of scientific knowledge gained from more than 16 years of extensive scientific research, experimentation, and analysis, including analysis of a series of previous high-flow experimental releases in 1996, 2004, and 2008. The protocol is intended to provide additional data essential to inform and refine future management decisions for the management of the Colorado River through 2020.
 
humpback chub swimming

Humpback chub

This experiment will help scientists and managers better understand whether multiple higher flows created by releasing water from Glen Canyon Dam can be used to rebuild eroded beaches downstream.

Colorado River sandbars within the Grand Canyon provide habitat for wildlife, serve as camping beaches for recreationists, and supply sand needed to protect archaeological sites. High flows may also create backwater areas used by young native fishes, particularly the endangered humpback chub.
 

 

Water being released from Glen Canyon Dam in 2008
Quick Links
Campsites maps at 45,000 cfs river level
http://www.gcmrc.gov/gis/silvermap1.aspx

Bureau of Reclamation Glen Canyon Dam
http://www.usbr.gov/uc/rm/gcdHFE/2012

2012 High-Flow Fact Sheet (250 kb PDF)
Flow Information - Camping Tips - High-Flow Protocol

Did You Know?

COLORADO RIVER AT THE BOTTOM OF GRAND CANYON

From Yavapai Point on the South Rim of the Grand Canyon, the drop to the Colorado River below is 4,600 feet (1,400 m). The elevation at river level is 2,450 feet (750 m) above sea level. Without the Colorado River, a perennial river in a desert environment, the Grand Canyon would not exist.