National Photo Company Collection (Library of Congress) The construction of the transcontinental railroad stands as a significant engineering accomplishment, and it also marked a period of major change for Indigenous peoples across the West. As rail lines extended across the landscape, they passed through lands that had long been home to many Native Nations, affecting established cultural practices and relationships to place. The railroad crossed the homelands of at least 15 tribal nations. In some instances, construction proceeded before formal agreements were in place, contributing to tension between railroad operations and Indigenous communities. The arrival of rail service encouraged increased settlement and development, which placed additional demands on land and natural resources. Access to traditional hunting grounds, water sources, and wildlife became increasingly limited. During this period, federal policies supported widespread bison hunting. Because bison played an essential role in the lives of many Indigenous peoples, their rapid decline had far-reaching social and cultural consequences. Indigenous nations adapted to these changes while maintaining strong cultural connections and community traditions. Today, their descendants continue to preserve their heritage, advocate for recognition, and contribute to the ongoing story of the American West. The history of the transcontinental railroad reflects both innovation and expansion, as well as the enduring presence and resilience of Indigenous peoples. |
Last updated: February 4, 2026