A show about how Glacier National Park is connected to everything else.
Season One: Confluence
We travel to every major region of Glacier in search of confluences: where nature and culture come together in unexpected ways. 
Season Two: Whitebark
Documenting a generational effort to restore a species, whitebark pine prompt us to explore our relationship to National Parks. 
Season Three: Becoming
Whiskey running, war on wolves, drilling for oil & dreaming of riches—this is a collection of histories that refuse to stay in the past. 
Season Three: BecomingSeason three is a history of Glacier National Park in nine episodes. From whiskey running and the war on wolves, to drilling for oil and dreaming of riches, this is a collection of stories about history refusing to stay in the past. Listen to Headwaters wherever you get your podcasts or online here.
Season Three Episodes: Consider this an extended warm up for season three of Headwaters. This episode includes two interviews about time, landscape, and history, that set the stage for the next nine to come.
Listen Here on Apple Podcasts. Glacier has a history of oil extraction. We travel to Many Glacier to see the consequences, and the causes, of climate change. Along the way we talk to young people about how it feels to live with the weight of history.
Listen Here on Apple Podcasts. Find the Rising Voices Poetry Podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/rising-voices-of-the-blackfeet-nation/id1551386452 Special thanks this episode to Jim Elser with the Flathead Biological Station, and students Dalton, Sylvia, Jack, Hallie, and Megan. Mark Hansen with the Wild Rockies Field Institute and all your students: Koby, Kaylie, Claire, Margaret, Julia, Delaney, Catalina, Katherine, Serendipity, and Lily. And of course, a big thank you to Amy Andreas with the Rising Voices Poetry Club at Browning High, and students Kiera, Emaeyah, Lily, Vita, Rebecca, Trysten, Sovereign, and Emily. SourcesDeSanto, Jerome. “Drilling at Kintla Lake: Montana’s First Oil Well.” Montana: The Magazine of Western History 35, no. 1 (1985): 24–37. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4518869. Yergin, Daniel. The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money & Power. Free Press trade pbk. ed. New York: Free Press, 2008. Thompson, Jessie, ed. Early Days in the Forest Service. Vol. 1. 4 vols. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, 1944. https://foresthistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/EARLY-DAYS-IN-THE-FOREST-SERVICE-vol1.pdf. Tracking down 600 generations of history. We venture out to the edge of the Ice Age to see how people lived and loved when this place was buried in glaciers.
Listen Here on Apple Podcasts. Find the book People Before the Park: https://shop.glacier.org/people-before-the-park/ Special thanks this episode to Shayne Tolman, Shane Doyle, Carl Davis, Roz Gerstein, Sally Thompson, Justin Radford, Andrew Smith, Vic Baker, and Ethan, our captain from the Glacier Park Boat Company. SourcesChilds, Craig. Atlas of a Lost World: Travels in Ice Age America. New York: Pantheon Books, 2018. Karsmizki, Kenneth W. “Glacier National Park Archeological Inventory and Assessment- 1995 Field Season Final Report Part III: Historic Land Use,” 1997. McNeil, Paul, L. V. Hills, B. Kooyman, and Shayne M. Tolman. “Mammoth Tracks Indicate a Declining Late Pleistocene Population in Southwestern Alberta, Canada.” Quaternary Science Reviews 24, no. 10 (May 1, 2005): 1253–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.08.019. McNeil, Paul E. “Bones and Tracks at Wally’s Beach Site (DhPg-8): An Investigation of the Latest Pleistocene Mega-Fauna of Southern Alberta.” UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY DEPARTMENT OF GEOSCIENCE (January 2009). https://central.bac-lac.gc.ca/.item?id=NR51199&op=pdf&app=Library&oclc_number=714264860. O’Connor, Jim. “The Missoula and Bonneville Floods—A Review of Ice-Age Megafloods in the Columbia River Basin.” Earth Science Reviews, 2020. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0012825220302270. Lewis and Clark are celebrated yet controversial. If you know what to look for, their names still echo through the park today. We examine their legacy from a variety of perspectives.
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Sources:Jefferson, Thomas. “Jefferson’s Secret Message to Congress Regarding the Lewis & Clark Expedition (1803),” January 18, 1803. https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/jeffersons-secret-message-to-congress. Lewis, Meriwether, and William Clark. The Journals of Lewis and Clark. Edited by Bernard DeVoto. The American Heritage Library. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1981. ———. The Journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition. Edited by Gary Moulton. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press / University of Nebraska-Lincoln Libraries-Electronic Text Center, 2005. http://lewisandclarkjournals.unl.edu. Neary, Dennis. A Blackfeet Encounter. Vision Maker Media, 2006. https://search.alexanderstreet.com/view/work/bibliographic_entity%7Cvideo_work%7C3233079. Ronda, James P. Lewis and Clark among the Indians. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1984. https://lewisandclarkjournals.unl.edu/item/lc.sup.ronda.01. Salish-Pend d’Oreille Culture Committee. The Salish People and the Lewis and Clark Expedition, 2005. Wheeler, Olin D. The Trail of Lewis and Clark, 1804-1904; a Story of the Great Exploration across the Continent in 1804-06; with a Description of the Old Trail, Based upon Actual Travel over It, and of the Changes Found a Century Later. Vol. 2. 2 vols. New York, London: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1904. https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000234516. We biography Joe Kipp and join an archeological adventure in order to understand the fur trade. Then, music helps heal the traumatic legacy of history.
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Sources:Ashby, Christopher. “Blackfeet Agreement of 1895 and Glacier National Park| A Case History,” 1985. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/1684. Hyde, Anne F. Empires, Nations, and Families: a History of the North American West, 1800-1860. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2011. LaPier, Rosalyn R. "Métis Life Along Montana's Front Range." In Beyond...the Shadows of the Rockies: History of the Augusta Area, Augusta, MT: Augusta Historical Society, 2007. Mabie, Nora. “A Story of Genocide, Survival and Resilience: Blackfeet Nation Remembers Baker Massacre.” Great Falls Tribune, January 16, 2020. https://www.greatfallstribune.com/story/news/2020/01/16/montana-blackfeet-nation-tribe-baker-massacre-150th-anniversary/4434910002/. Schultz, James Willard. “Joseph Kipp Born at Fort Union 1847 Died at Browning Dec. 12, 1914.” Great Falls Daily Tribune. July 5, 1914, sec. Sunday Morning. The Great Northern Railway changed Northwest Montana forever. Who else but Americans could have built it?
Listen Here on Apple Podcasts. Learn more about the Empire Builder Documentary: https://greatnorthernfilmworks.com/ Special thanks this episode to Steven Sadis, Lucas Hugie, Paul Lusignan and Linda Tamura, and everyone with the First Presbyterian Church of Whitefish—but especially Bob, Paul, and Jessie. Great Northern Filmworks for permission to share excerpts from their series Empire Builder: James J. Hill and the Great Northern Railway. Filmmaker Pat Murdo and the University of Montana's Mansfield Center for permission to share clips from their documentary, From the Far East to the Old West. And to everyone at Amtrak for helping Michael fulfill a years-long dream of getting to ride a train Sources:Ichioka, Yuki. “Japanese Immigrant Labor Contractors and the Northern Pacific and the Great Northern Railroad Companies, 1898-1907.” In American Immigration & Ethnicity, 5-Immigrant Institutions: The Organization of Immigrant Life:336, 1991. https://www.google.com/books/edition/Immigrant_Institutions/047rIZhp_r8C?hl=en&gbpv=0&kptab=overview. Wegars, Priscilla. “Who’s Been Workin’ on the Railroad?: An Examination of the Construction, Distribution, and Ethnic Origins of Domed Rock Ovens on Railroad-Related Sites.” Historical Archaeology 25, no. No. 1 (1991): 37–65. https://www.jstor.org/stable/25616061. White, W. Thomas. “The War of the Railroad Kings: Great Northern-Northern Pacific Rivalry in Montana, 1881-1896.” In Montana and the West: Essays in Honor of K. Ross Toole, edited by Rex C. Myers and Harry W. Fritz, 38–54. Pruett Publishing Company, 1984. Why doesn’t anyone remember the first rangers? We trace a Buffalo Soldiers expedition across the park and ask how history becomes preserved.
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Sources:Culver, G.E. "Notes on a Little Known Region in Northwestern Montana." Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters v VIII 1888-1891 (1892): 187-205. Finney, Carolyn. Black Faces, White Spaces: Reimagining the Relationship of African Americans to the Great Outdoors. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2014. Holterman, Jack. "George Patrick Ahern" in Who Was Who in Glacier Land. West Glacier, MT: J. Holterman, 2001. Wood, Anthony. Black Montana: Settler Colonialism and the Erosion of the Racial Frontier, 1877-1930. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2021. The twin stories of homesteading and allotment explored through baking and quilting analogies. How Euro-Americans came to settle inside the Glacier National Park and inside the Flathead Reservation.
Listen Here on Apple Podcasts. Special thanks this episode to Flannery Freund for opening up her front (and oven) doors to us, Jim Muhn, Lois Walker, Angela Johnson and Lisa Longtime Sleeping for solving all our fabric emergencies, Julie Cajune, Joe McDonald, and the series of history books he helps edit, titled "Documents of Salish, Pend d'Oreille, and Kootenai Indian History." Sources:Harper, Andrew. “Conceiving Nature: The Creation of Montana’s Glacier National Park.” Montana: The Magazine of Western History 60, no. 2 (2010): 28. https://mhs.mt.gov/pubs/Publications/summer-2010. Shea, Patrick. “Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes Reclaim Legacy of Bison Conservation.” Native News Online, February 9, 2021. https://nativenewsonline.net/sovereignty/confederated-salish-and-kootenai-tribes-reclaim-legacy-of-bison-conservation. Smith, Anna V. “Reclaiming the National Bison Range,” January 26, 2021. https://www.hcn.org/issues/53.2/indigenous-affairs-tribes-reclaiming-the-national-bison-range. The Indians Were Prosperous: Documents of Salish, Pend d'Oreille, and Kootenai Indian History, 1900-1906. Edited by Robert Bigart and Joseph McDonald. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2021. Us Indians Don't Want Our Reservation Opened: Documents of Salish, Pend d'Oreille, and Kootenai Indian History, 1907-1911. Edited by Robert Bigart and Joseph McDonald. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2021. This is the history of how a corporation marketed Glacier National Park into existence. We use art to study how the Blackfeet took control of their own histories.
Listen Here on Apple Podcasts. See Winold Reiss’s Art: https://iacbmuseums-viewingroom.exhibit-e.art/viewing-room Special thanks this episode to Darnell Rides At The Door, Renee Bear Medicine, and the Museum of the Plains Indian. Ray Djuff, Scott Tanner, Cookie Zwang, John Pepion, and of course, Bill Schustrom and all his gossip. Sources:Djuff, Ray, and Morrison, Chris. View with a Room: Glacier's Historic Hotels and Chalets. Helena, MT: Farcountry Press, 2001. Harper, Andrew. “Conceiving Nature: The Creation of Montana’s Glacier National Park.” Montana: The Magazine of Western History 60, no. 2 (2010): 28. https://mhs.mt.gov/pubs/Publications/summer-2010. LaPier, Rosalyn. Invisible Reality, 2017. MacCarter, Joy, ed. History of Glacier County, Montana. Glacier County Historical Society, 1984. Young, Biloine W, and McCormack, Eileen R. The Dutiful Son: Louis W. Hill - Life in the Shadow of the Empire Builder, James J. Hill. St Paul, MN: Ramsey County Historical Society, 2010. A young national park wages biological warfare and nature finds a way. This is a history of wolves in Glacier.
Listen Here on Apple Podcasts. Sign up for a Glacier Institute course: https://glacierinstitute.org/ Special thanks this episode to Emma Hilliard and Eric Goodin, and of course Lora Funk. We couldn't have made this episode without Dr. Diane Boyd and Dr. Michael Wise. Thank you to all the wolves. And also a special shout out to the Glacier Institute, the park's official education partner. Sources:Jones, Karen R. Wolf Mountains: A History of Wolves Along the Great Divide. University of Calgary Press, 2003. Lopez, Barry H. Of Wolves and Men. Scribner, 1978 Reece, Myers. “Montana’s Diane Boyd: The Jane Goodall of Wolves.” AP NEWS, April 8, 2017. https://apnews.com/article/5abd8b3782bf4caf9c219bc179bd464e. Robbins, Jim. “GLACIER PARK WELCOMES BACK 12 EXILED WOLVES.” The New York Times, June 29, 1986, sec. U.S. https://www.nytimes.com/1986/06/29/us/glacier-park-welcomes-back-12-exiled-wolves.html. Teasdale, Aaron. “Life, Death, and Winter.” Sierra Club, October 1, 2015. https://www.sierraclub.org/sierra/2015-6-november-december/feature/life-death-and-winter. Wise, Michael. “Killing Montana’s Wolves: Stockgrowers, Bounty Bills, and the Uncertain Distinction between Predators and Producers.” Montana: The Magazine of Western History 63, no. 4 (2013): 51–96. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24419970.
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Last updated: August 28, 2023