![]() NPS Photo A Catalyst for BattleIn 1863, Federal armies won important victories at Vicksburg, Gettysburg, and Chattanooga. In the spring of 1864 the Federal mission was to bisect the South from Chattanooga, Tennessee, to the Atlantic coast at Savannah, Georgia. Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman wanted to destroy the Confederate Army led by Gen. Joseph E. Johnston and occupy Atlanta along the way as he executed his “March to the Sea.” In June, Sherman ordered Brig. Gen. Samuel Sturgis and 8,100 soldiers to move out of Memphis and into north Mississippi for the purpose of fighting Forrest and his cavalry corps of 3,500. Win or lose, the primary goal was to keep Forrest in Mississippi. Sturgis's forces were crushed by Forrest on June 10 at the Battle of Brices Cross Roads, and the Federals retreated back to Memphis. Although defeated, the primary mission was accomplished. ![]() NPS Photo Maj. Gen. Stephen D. Lee commanded the Confederate Department of Alabama, Mississippi, and East Louisiana. In early July Lee was in north Mississippi with Forrest. Lee anticipated that the Federals out of Memphis would target Okolona, Mississippi along the Mobile and Ohio Railroad so he prepared to defend it as Maj. Gen. Andrew J. Smith moved deeper into Mississippi. ![]() NPS Photo The Battle Begins The bold numbers in this text reference the numbers on the map. |
Last updated: August 19, 2025