Presenting Nature

Cover

Contents

Foreword

Acknowledgements

Overview

Stewardship

Design Ethic Origins
(1916-1927)

Design Policy & Process
(1916-1927)

Western Field Office
(1927-1932)

Park Planning

Decade of Expansion
(1933-1942)

State Parks
(1933-1942)

Appendix A

Appendix B

Bibliography

Presenting Nature: The Historic Landscape Design of the National Park Service, 1916-1942

VII. A NEW DEAL FOR STATE PARKS, 1933 — 1942 (continued)

1. Conrad Wirth, Parks, Politics and the People (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1980), pp. 76-77 and 130.

2. Paige, pp. 48-52.

3. National Park Service, The CCC and Its Contribution to A Nation Wide State Park Recreational Program (Washington, D.C.: National Park Service, 1937), p. 12.

4. "A Year of Progress," 1937 Yearbook: Park and Recreation Progress (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1938). p. 1.

5. Melvin Borgeson, "The Landscape Architect in Public Works," Landscape Architecture 24 (October 1933):27.

6. Norman Newton, "The Landscape Architect in Public Works," Landscape Architecture 24 (October 1933):28.

7. Ibid., p. 29.

8. Harrison, Architecture in the Parks, p. 319; "Inspector's Photographic Handbook", Region Seven, Emergency Conservation Work, Record Group 79, National Archives, Washington, D.C.

9. Iowa State had instituted a landscape architecture degree program that included a specialty in "landscape engineering" designed for work in national forests and parks; information on Nason comes from Steely, "Rustic Architecture in Depression Texas," p. 20.

10. Manuscripts and Illustrations for Publications Concerning Emergency Conservation Work, Record Group 79, National Archives, Alexandria, Va.

11. Herbert Maier, "Proceedings of National Park Service Conference of State Park Authorities, Washington, D.C., February 25, 1935" (Washington, D.C.: National Park Service, 1935, mimeo.), p. 84.

12. Ibid., p. 83.

13. Ibid., p. 89.

14. Ibid., p. 85.

15. Ibid., p. 85; no documentary evidence has been uncovered to indicate whether the survey was ever conducted.

16. Ibid., p. 86.

17. Ibid., p. 90.

18. Ibid., p. 88.

19. Ibid., p. 91.

20. Ibid., p. 92.

21. Ibid., pp. 92-93; the Civil Works Administration was a short lived relief program in winter 1933-34 that provided work for the unemployed through state grants.

22. Albert Good, editor, Park Structures and Facilities (Washington, DC: National Park Service, 1935), pp. 6-8.

23. "Inspector's Photographic Handbook", Region Seven, National Park Service, Record Group 79, National Archives, Washington, D.C., plate 2.

24. Ibid., plate 20.

25. Ibid., plate 19.

26. Ibid., plate 6.

27. Ibid., plate 26.

28. Ibid., plate 25.

29. Ibid.

30. Ibid., plate 21.

31. Ibid., plate 23.

32. Ibid., plate 27.

33. Ibid., plate 37.

34. Ibid., plate 32.

35. 1934 AR, pp. 172-173.

36. 1936 AR, p. 104.

37. "Administration Manual for Recreational Demonstration Areas" (Washington, D.C.: National Park Service, 1941, mimeo.), pp. 1-5.

38. Wirth, Parks, pp. 178 and 184-186; "Administration Manual", pp. 2-5.

39. National Park Service, Recreational Demonstration Areas, as illustrated by Chopawamsic, Virginia (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, 1936); 1938 AR, p. 33; "Administration Manual," p. 1; Wirth, Parks, pp. 188-189; Newton, Design, pp. 588-594.

40. "The National Park Service in the Field of Organized Camping," 1937 Yearbook: Park and Recreation Progress (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1938), p. 39.

41. Ibid., pp. 38-40; Wirth, Parks, pp. 176-177; Newton, Design, p.594.

42. 1936 AR, pp. 104; 1938 AR, pp. 33-34.

43. 1936 AR, pp. 104-105.

44. 1934 AR, p. 175; 1935 AR, pp. 183-184; 1936 AR, pp. 104-105.

45. 1935 AR, pp. 179-180; 1938 AR, p. 35.

46. Wirth, Parks, pp. 166-174; Newton, Design, pp. 587; National Park Service, A Study of the Park and Recreation Problem in the United States (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1941); 49 Stat. 1894, approved 23 June 1936.

47. National Park Service, The CCC and Its Contributions to a Nation Wide State Park Recreational Program (Washington, D.C.: National Park Service, 1937), pp. 13-17.

48. Conrad Wirth, "The National Aspect of Recreation," 1937 Yearbook: Park and Recreation Progress, p. v.

49. Correspondence, Dorothy Waugh to Linda McClelland, 8 May 1989; taped interview, Dorothy Waugh to James Steely, 25 May, 1985.

50. Wirth, "Foreword," Portfolio of Park Structures (Washington, D.C.: National Park Service, 1934).

51. Manuscripts and Illustrations for Publications Concerning Emergency Conservation Work, 1933-36, Record Group 79, National Archives, Alexandria, Va.

52. In May 1935, Waugh sent Wirth all the drawings and work that had been in progress at the time the portfolios were discontinued. These were absorbed into Good's files and are now on record at the Cartographic Branch of the National Archives, RG 76, P.I. 144, entry 43. Unfortunately she saved very little of the correspondence accompanying plans and drawings.

53. Good, Park Structures and Facilities, p. 2.

54. Ibid., p. 7.

55. Ibid., p. 1.

56. Ibid., p. 6.

57. Ibid., p. 7.

58. Ibid., p. 4.

59. Ibid., p. 7.

60. Ibid., p.4.

61. Ibid., p. 5.

62. Ibid.

63. Ibid.

64. Ibid.

65. Ibid., p. 3.

66. Ibid., p. 5.

67. Ibid., p. 6.

68. Ibid., p.4.

69. Ibid., p. 5.

70. Ibid., p. 6.

71. Ibid.

72. Ibid., p. 8.

73. Frank A. Waugh, Landscape Conservation: Planning for the Restoration, Conservation, and Utilization of Wild Lands for Park and Forest Recreation (Washington, D.C.: Department of the Interior, National Park Service, August 1935), p. 1.

74. Ibid., p. 2.

75. Ibid., p. 4.

76. Ibid., p. 6.

77. Ibid., pp. 6-7.

78. Ibid., p. 10.

79. Ibid., p. 11.

80. Ibid., p. 19.

81. Ibid., pp. 28-29.

82. Ibid., p. 33.

83. Ibid., p. 34.

84. Ibid., p. 40.

85. Ibid., p. 41.

86. Ibid., p. 45.

87. Ibid., pp. 46-48.

88. Guy B. Arthur, Construction of Trails, Civilian Conservation Corps Project Training Series No. 7 (Washington, D.C.: National Park Service, 1937).

89. National Park Service, Signs and Markers, Civilian Conservation Corps Project Training Series No. 9 (Washington, D.C.: National Park Service, 1938).

90. Paige, pp. 26-28, and 33.

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