Presenting Nature

Cover

Contents

Foreword

Acknowledgements

Overview

Stewardship

Design Ethic Origins
(1916-1927)

Design Policy & Process
(1916-1927)

Western Field Office
(1927-1932)

Park Planning

Decade of Expansion
(1933-1942)

State Parks
(1933-1942)

Appendix A

Appendix B

Bibliography

Presenting Nature: The Historic Landscape Design of the National Park Service, 1916-1942

V. A PROCESS OF PARK PLANNING (continued)

ENDNOTES

1. "Minutes of the Twelfth Conference of National Park Executives, Hot Springs National Park, Arkansas, April 1932," p. 92, mimeo.; 1926 AR, p. 155.

2. Crater Lake Five Year Development Program, 1927, Record Group 79, National Archives, Washington, D.C.

3. "General Planning", Tentative Outline, February 1929, Record Group 79, National Archives, Washington, D.C.

4. 1929 AR, p. 163.

5. Ibid.

6. Ibid., p. 9.

7. Ibid.

8. 1932 AR, p. 27.

9. Superintendent's Monthly Report, 3 July 1930, Record Group 79, National Archives, Washington, D.C.; 1930 AR, p. 30; General Development Plan, Mammoth Hot Springs, 11 June 1932, Record Group 79, National Archives, Alexandria, Vir.; A plan in 1940 shows that the plan did not evolve as Clarke envisioned it. The green that dominated the entrance to the village took an irregular form with curved edges and beveled corners. The concessioner developed a series of separate buildings, lodge, dining hall, and cabin courts to the rear in place of a large radiating hotel complex. The pair of U-shaped dormitories planned to house the park's many rangers were modified into a I-shaped building which would be repeated alongside to form a pair as demand arose and money permitted. The power house was built to the southwest and the campground developed in two distinctive sections according to designs worked out by the Branch of Plans and Designs for tent camping and trailer camping. The museum was placed in the administration building in row with the superintendents building. A new administration building was planned to face the planted boulevard alongside the post office. PWA funds were used in the construction of the rangers' dormitories and utility building. The CCC in the mid-1930s carried out an extensive program of planting around the new buildings and throughout the village.

10. "Minutes," 1932, p. 94.

11. Ibid., p. 94.

12. Ibid., p. 96.

13. Thomas C. Vint, "National Park Service: Master Plans," Planning and Civic Comment, reprint, April/June 1946.

14. Ibid.

15. Park Development Outline, 1929, p. 9, Record Group 79, National Archives, Washington, D.C.; the sentiment for the wilderness movement which finally culminated in the 1972 Wilderness Act began in the Progressive Era: Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr., called for such areas to be set aside in parks and forests after his tour of West in the early 1920s.

16. 1929 AR, p. 19

17. Mather, Official correspondence, July 1928, Record Group 79, National Archives, Washington, D.C.; memorandum, Cammerer to Washington and Field Offices, 3 April 1936; Bryant, "Minutes," 1932, p. 97; "Research Areas in the National Parks," Ecology 23(2), April 1942.

18. Memorandum, Vint to Albright, 9 September 1927. Record Group 79, National Archives, Washington, D.C.; quote is from Master Plan, Yellowstone National Park, n.d., ca. 1935, D.O 3146-G-2, Record Group 79, National Archives, Washington, D.C.

19. Memorandum, Superintendent Thomson, Yosemite National Park, to the Director, 3 October 1930, National Park Service, Frederick Law Olmsted National Historic Site; quote is from the Master Plan, Yosemite National Park, sheet 35, Record Group 79, National Archives, Alexandria, Vir.

20. Master Plan, Mount Rainier, 1933, Record Group 79, National Archives, Alexandria, Vir.

21. Ibid.

22. Ibid.

23. Master Plan, Mount Rainier, 1938, Record Group 79, National Archives, Alexandria, Vir.

24. H.T. Thompson and L.E. Garrison, "Master Planning in National Parks," unpublished essay, n.d., ca. 1942, Record Group 79, National Archives, Washington, D.C.

25. National Park Service, Master Plans: A Manual of Standard Practice for Use in the National Park Service (Washington, D.C.: National Park Service, 1939).

26. Ibid., B. 1. 82.

27. Henry Hubbard, "Landscape Development," 1939, p. 108.

28. Ibid., p. 109.

29. Vint, "Master Plans."

30. Material for this section has been drawn from: Ernest Davidson, "Landscape Work in Connection with the Development of the Yakima Park Area including the Approach Highway within Mt. Rainier National Park," A Report to Thomas C. Vint, Chief Landscape Architect, National Park Service, n.d., ca 1932, National Park Service, Historical Files of Pacific Northwest Regional Office; 1928-1932 Annual Reports (AR); Landscape architects' and superintendents' annual reports from 1928 to 1932, Record Group 79, National Archives, Washington, D.C. and San Bruno, Calif.

31. Quote is from Davidson, "Landscape Work."

32. Davidson, "Landscape Work."

33. Quote is from Davidson, "Landscape Work."

34. Official correspondence, Vint to Tomlinson, 20 October, 1929, Record Group 79, National Archives, Washington, D.C.

35. Davidson, "Landscape Work."

36. Ibid.

37. 1931 General Development Plan for Mount Rainier, Record Group 79, National Archives, Washington, D.C.; 1930 AR, p. 129.

38. Davidson, "Landscape Work."

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