Jefferson National Expansion
Administrative History
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Administrative History Bob Moore |
CHAPTER TWO:
The 70mm
World Odyssey Theatre (continued)
Projection System
While rock removal proceeded, plans were made for
the film to be shown in the new theater. The project was once again
financed by Bi-State Development Agency. The initial proposal, the
creation of an IMAX film, led Superintendent Schober to open
negotiations with that Canadian company in 1987. Schober
remembered:
IMAX thought if they could get into the national
parks it would be a feather in their caps. . . . We found out that
secretly one of the vice presidents had been here in St. Louis, because
Union Station was thinking about possibly putting in the same type of
IMAX presentation. And so I called this young man in Canada . . . and
he said he would come by and talk to us. Meanwhile, they had written
another letter to Park Service [Director William] Mott. And when he
looked at it, he instructed Stan Albright to contact the Arch. He said,
"I figure if we can do that anywhere they can do it down at the Arch."
And he said, "Tell Jerry to look into it, and if he feels it's feasible,
for the Park Service to go into it." And of course we liked this
because of the perfect timing. We had already made a contact with them,
and so it relieved the Washington Office of having to do any further
correspondence with IMAX. . . . For some reason [Director Mott] thought
where it was money raising it or spending it we got
called. He would always say, "Go to St. Louis."
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Carpeting the tiered seating area, 1992. NPS
photo, courtesy Dave Caselli.
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And so we started serious negotiations. Oddly
enough, it took IMAX a long time to get back with us. We told them that
we were interested in buying a projector. . . . At the same time they
were looking at us, they were also scouring across the whole park system
to see how many parks were large enough and had enough . . . all-season
visitation . . . to accommodate an IMAX. And what happened to our
relationship was, by the time they scrutinized the Arch real closely,
they were also going to put one in the [St. Louis] Science Center, which
was yet to be built. It was going to be about a thirteen million dollar
complex. . . . But now you've got to remember this Science Center had no
established clientele. It was a little shaky for them, too. . . . [The
Director of the Science Center], Dr. Dennis Wendt, thought it was very
important that we didn't show the film that they were going to show.
Because we told him until we could have a film made . . . we would
probably show The Dream is Alive. And he almost passed out. And
I said, "Why?" And he said, "That's what we were going to show." And I
said, "We are not a competitor. We are going to have a clientele that
comes here all the time. Maybe some of them will go to your place, but
we don't have to lock in on The Dream is Alive." I really
thought that Grand Canyon might even fit better. So we thought
along those lines. But still, in the back of our minds we wanted to
make our own film. That way we could maintain all the funds, and not
have to pay anyone else for rentals, which are quite costly. [15]
By July 1987, it was decided that the government
would hold title to the theater; that Bi-State would be responsible for
financing, construction and operation; and that IMAX would provide
technical assistance during the design, construction and operation of
the theater. IMAX would also produce a film for JEFF on westward
expansion, and equip the theater with a screen, sound system, projection
system, and other related equipment. [16]
In July 1988, a letter of intent from the NPS
specified that the name IMAX would be allowed in the theater name, and
that the movie could be leased to other IMAX theaters after two years.
The NPS made plans to advertise for a treatment, production plan, and
cost breakdown for a film on westward expansion. Harpers Ferry Center
would serve as executive producer, at an estimated cost of $300,000,
which would be paid by Bi-State. [17]
With the project well on its way, a disagreement
developed between IMAX and the Park Service regarding the arrangements
for the projection equipment. IMAX proposed leasing it to the park for
$1.6 million up front plus a percentage of the gross ticket sales, while
warranty maintenance and service of the projectors, screens, and the
sound system would be available for an additional $50,000 per year. This
was unacceptable to Superintendent Schober, since JEFF wanted to buy the
equipment outright. In a letter to the IMAX company in July 1989,
Schober explained that neither the NPS nor Bi-State could enter such a
long-term lease agreement. He said that IMAX had implied in earlier
negotiations that the projection equipment would be sold outright. In
reply, the company stated that it had never been its practice to sell
equipment. [18] Superintendent Schober
recalled:
We were working under the assumption that IMAX would
sell a projector to us. IMAX at the same time found out that there are
times when we can get up to five thousand people an hour under the Arch,
and that the wait at many times is up to four hours to go up in the
trams to look out of the observation deck at the top of the Arch. . . .
And just like that [the IMAX representative] said, "Oh, by the way,
there is just one little catch to what we've been talking about." And I
said, "What is that?" And he said, "We won't be able to sell you our
projector. Way back we had a company policy change . . . and we have to
lease, we can't sell." I said, "Well, Uncle Sam will buy. We
are not going to lease. And he said, "Wait, wait, wait, let me tell
you, this is a great relationship. Jerry, you are going to get so many
benefits from this."
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Installation of the marble facing, exterior of
the projection booth. NPS photo courtesy Dave Caselli.
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Now, by that time he's never given us a price, but
we knew what other people were paying, and IMAX was getting pretty close
to a million and a half dollars for the projector. And [this man] said,
"Here's what we'll do; I think you'll really like this . . . " A
million five down, and 25% of the gate at every showing. And boy, they
would get us the best up-to-date film, they would distribute it
everywhere of course fifty-five thousand dollars for maintenance
of their system, "but what you get Jerry, is our guaranty that every
time there is a technological improvement to the system it's going to be
installed in your system. You get the latest in everything, you have
the ability of IMAX which is world-known to do advertisements, you'll be
known everywhere, we'll increase your visitation." I'm still thinking
about, what did you do with my million five with which I was going to
buy a projector and not have to share [anything] with you, and how are
you getting into my pocket for 25% of the gate? Quickly, and I only
work in simple terms, I put ten years times what we had estimated he
would make at twenty-five percent and I figured they'd walk away with
eight million dollars. At that time I showed him how to get out of my
establishment so he could catch a plane back to Canada.
We can tell you, we were courted and threatened and
everything else by IMAX because we abruptly left them. But we found out
that the copyrights [and] patents were slowly falling off of their
machinery. [19]
After the talks with IMAX fell through, the NPS
began considering other possibilities. In July 1989, Omni Films of
Sarasota, Florida, met with Superintendent Schober and Jennifer Nixon of
Bi-State to discuss their "Magnavision" system. In September, Schober,
Nixon, Assistant Superintendent Gary Easton, and Jerry Ward of Harpers
Ferry Center traveled to Florida to see a demonstration.
In October 1989, the Iwerks Company made a proposal
to JEFF to set up their "Iwerks 870" system. For $395,000 they would
provide the projection and audio equipment, as well as technical
consultation and support for film production.
In 1991, after considering many possibilities, JEFF
decided to purchase the "World Odyssey" 70mm system from NJ Engineering
of Los Altos, California. A sophisticated sound system was licensed
from THX®, a division of Lucasfilms, in San Rafael, California, and
a completion date for the theater set for January 1993. [20]
Film Production
In 1988, JEFF began to consider options regarding
the creation of a 70mm wide-screen film, designed to be shown in the
park, telling the story of westward expansion. In Superintendent
Schober's words:
To do this we talked with Jerry Ward, the head of
the motion picture division [at] Harpers Ferry. And Jerry came out and
said, "I think it would be great if you made your own film." And he
gave us some good suggestions. We could [invite people] to come in and
give us their scenarios, . . . how much it would cost, and how long it
would be, . . . [but] he said you will be jurying people forever. [Ward
suggested that specific filmmakers should be selected and offered the
option of competing for the 70mm film commission]. . . . Well, we knew
that Charles Guggenheim had made Monument to the Dream which has
been very, very successful. We knew Greg MacGillivray had made To
Fly, at that time the most viewed [IMAX film] ever because it was at
the Smithsonian. We knew Keith Merrill, and they told us he would be
out of the ballpark fee-wise, because he was so well-known and [in] such
great demand . . .
Jerry Ward said, "What would you think of George
Lucas? . . . Why don't you see if he is interested?" Now see, a smart
person would say, oh, you're kidding, he's not going to fool with us.
So, the dumb one got on the phone and called up and said "I'd like to
speak to George Lucas."
They said, "You would?"
I said "Uh-huh."
"Sorry, he's not available, would you like to speak
to the senior vice president of Lucas Productions?"
And so I spoke to this gentleman, telling him that I
understood that George Lucas was interested in making [a 70mm film]. And
he said, "Why would he be interested in that? We've already done
that."
And I said, "You never made a full length 70mm film
on your own."
"Well, we do . . . the illustrations, and the sound,
the light, and all the new technologies that you need for them, and
we've done some filming for them." And he basically told me that George
Lucas was interested in doing what George Lucas thinks of. And I think
when you get to his status in the world you ought to do it that way. But
he said, "Since you called you say it's going to be in the Arch
and be viewed by millions every year?"
"Yup."
"There's a young man here, who has made quite a
reputation, and he's been wanting to make a film; . . . Why don't you
talk to Ben Burtt?"
So I got his number and called Ben up. And Ben
said, "I'd like very much to do a scenario, we'll do a lot with sound
and lights, but we'll do the westward expansion using the scenes they
went over, the Indians, the covered wagons, and let all that speak for
itself. We won't have a central character, it's not going to have a
narration. It's going to be an experience." . . . I found out that he
had won four Oscars by that time. [21]
In November 1988, Bi-State agreed to pay $8000 each
to Ben Burtt of Sprocket Systems, a division of Lucasfilms, independent
filmmaker Charles Guggenheim, and Greg MacGillivray of
MacGillivray-Freeman Films, to develop proposals for a treatment,
production plan, and cost breakdown for the production of a 70mm,
large-format motion picture on the westward expansion of the United
States, to be no longer than 25 minutes running time. [22] Schober continued:
Now, why we did it this way is that we now owned the
finished product. Even if [a contender] didn't win, [we owned their]
thoughts. If we wanted to . . . use a good point here, a good point
there, we could put them together. And then we sat down and juried them
out. . . . The jury consisted of Jerry Ward of HFC, Jennifer Nixon of
Bi-State, Chief of Interpretation of the Midwest Region Warren
Bielenberg, Gary Easton, and myself. . . . Everybody sent us one. I
want to tell you, some of them were great. Guggenheim's would have made
a great mini-series. There wasn't anything wrong with Keith Merrill's.
But the most exciting one was still Ben Burtt's. And one of the key
ingredients to that was he even went and got John Williams, four-time
Oscar winner, to do the music; conductor of the Boston Pops, the great
arranger. Can you believe, John Williams agreed to score the whole
film, [and] that he wanted to use the St. Louis Symphony. . . . I
thought that would be a great coup. And as we judged them out it was
difficult, but we selected Burtt's. I think before we could even get in
there and tell him that he was the winner of this whole thing and send
him his check, he had already won his fifth Oscar. [23]
In December 1989, a contract was signed with
Lucasfilms for the development of a script for a movie to be titled
"Gateway America." Ben Burtt and Laurel Ladevich, film editor for
Sprocket Systems, were set to direct the film. They were also to
research and define all locations and to prepare a detailed budget and
schedule for production. All proceeds from ticket sales were to go to
JEFF. [24]
Once this contract was in place, there still
remained the matter of raising the estimated $4 million necessary to
produce the movie. Schober hoped to line up a corporate sponsor, but by
June 1990 no one had volunteered to finance the project and the deal
with Lucasfilms was canceled. It had been hoped that the fame of the
California company would attract investors, but several problems arose.
Costs escalated to $4.5 million, and LucasArts wanted distribution
rights to the movie, interactive video rights and other rights and
reservations which JEFF was not ready to resign. [25] "I still think people don't realize what
a good thing [corporate sponsorships are]," Superintendent Schober
reflected.
The Smithsonian has never paid for a film. It's
Johnson and Johnson, or Lockheed, or Conoco, or someone like that. And
the companies have found out that they put the money down to make these
[films] which are up in the millions, and at the end of a year or year
and a half, they've been paid back. Once you make it, every time it's
shown somewhere other than, say, the Smithsonian, every gate you get
thirty-five percent of sixty-five percent of what comes back in through
that gate. And that represents sizeable money. Some people charge as
much as $7.50 a person. And you figure some of those, like the
Smithsonian . . . only charge two dollars or two and a half. But look
what they did in volume, too.
We just felt that it would be tremendous. And I
think it may still come to fruition. I can hardly wait to see that
theater open up. . . . [26]
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Completed interior, World Odyssey Theatre, 1992. NPS photo courtesy Dave Caselli.
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Park officials decided that once the theater was
finished, other large format 70mm films such as To Fly and
Grand Canyon: The Hidden Secrets could be shown until a westward
expansion film was produced. [27] It was
anticipated that the wide-screen theater would provide a tremendous
educational and interpretive opportunity to an estimated 900,000 annual
visitors, who during the busy season might wait as long as three to four
hours for a tram ride to the top of the Gateway Arch. In addition to
the Museum of Westward Expansion, ranger-led tours and the Jefferson
National Expansion Memorial Association museum shop, the film would
provide a further interpretive opportunity for a ready-made audience.
[28]
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Completed entrance to World Odyssey Theatre,
1993. NPS photo by Kris Illenberger.
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jeff/adhi/adhi2-2a.htm
Last Updated: 15-Jan-2004
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