JEWEL CAVE Place of Passages Historic Resource Study

Cover (HTML)

Cover (PDF)

Contents (PDF)

Introduction (PDF)

Chapter 1: First Residents (PDF)

Introduction
Paleo-Indian
Archaic
Protohistoric
Europeans
Rock Art
Lakota
Lakota Spiritual Connection to the Black Hills

Chapter 2: Exploration and Gold Discovery (PDF)

Introduction
The First Europeans
United States Exploration
The Lure of Gold
Gold Attracts Euro-Americans to Sioux Land
Creation of the Great Sioux Reservation
Pressure Mounts for Euro-American Entry
Economic Depression Heightens Clamor for Gold
Custer's 1874 Expedition
Gordon Party & Gold-Seekers Arrive in Black Hills

Chapter 3: Euro-Americans Come To Stay: Indians Dispossessed (PDF)

Introduction
Prospector Felix Michaud Arrives in the Black Hills
Birth of Custer and Other Mining Camps
Negotiating a New Treaty with the Sioux
Gold Rush Bust
Social and Cultural Landscape of Custer City and County
Geographic Patterns of Early Mining Settlements
Roads into the Black Hills

Chapter 4: Establishing Roots: Harvesting Resources (PDF)

Introduction
Milling Lumber for Homes, Mines, and Farms
Farming
Railroads Arrive in the Black Hills
Fluctuating Cycles in Agriculture
Ranching
Rancher Felix Michaud
Harvesting Timber
Fires in the Forest
Landscapes of Diversifying Uses

Chapter 5: Jewel Cave: Discovery and Development (PDF)

Introduction
Conservation Policies Reach the Black Hills
Jewel Cave Discovered
Jewel Cave Development
The Legal Environment
Developing Jewel Cave to Attract Visitors
The Wind Cave Example
Michauds' Continued Struggle

Chapter 6: Jewel Cave Under the U.S. Forest Service (PDF)

Introduction
Outdoor Recreation and Nature Preservation
New Approach to Promoting Jewel Cave
Antiquities Act of 1906 and Emerging Preservation
Creation of Jewel Cave National Monument
Conservation Versus Preservation
Jewel Cave Landscape under the Forest Service

Chapter 7: Opening Jewel Cave to Visitors (PDF)

Introduction
Rise of Auto Touring After World War I
Jewel Cave Corporation Organizes
National Park Service Becomes Jewel Cave Guardian
Civilian Conservation Corps at Jewel Cave
War Years at Jewel Cave
Increased Visitation Spurs Development in 1950s
Mission 66 Comprehensive Park Program
The Conns' Discoveries Expand Park Support
Mission 66 Development Moves Slowly Ahead

Conclusion (PDF)

Appendix I: Sites Located by Glenna Sheveland, 1992-1995 (PDF)

Appendix II: Treaties and Federal Legislation (PDF)

Appendix III: Presidential Proclamation Creating Jewel Cave National Monument (PDF)

Bibliography (PDF)

Index (PDF)