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Hubbell Trading Post
Cultural Landscape Report |
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
ADMINISTRATIVE DATA
PROJECT AREA DESCRIPTION
INTENT OF PROJECT
PROBLEMS AND ISSUES
METHODS
PHYSIOGRAPHIC CONTEXT
REGIONAL CONTEXT
Prehistoric and Proto-Historic PeriodsCULTURAL LANDSCAPE HISTORY OF THE HUBBELL TRADING POST AND HOMESTEAD
Spanish Exploration
American Military Frontier
Establishment of the Navajo Reservation and the Licensure of Traders
Late 19th and Early 20th Century Development of Arizona Territory
Comparative Summary of Other Hubbell Trading Post and Homestead
Early Settlement
Expansion and Development of the Ganado Trading Post (1878-1894)
Zenith Period of the Hubbell Trading Post and Farm (1895-1922)
Decline of the Hubbell Trading Post and Farm (1923-1967)
Hubbell Trading Post as Post Office for Community
SPATIAL ORGANIZATION AND EXISTING PATTERNS OF LAND USE
CIRCULATION
VEGETATION
STRUCTURES
VIEWS AND VISTAS
ARCHEOLOGICAL RESOURCES
BOUNDARIES
SMALL SCALE FEATURES
EXISTING CONDITIONS DOCUMENTATION
STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE
PERIOD OF SIGNIFICANCE
ANALYSIS OF LANDSCAPE CHARACTERISTICS
Spatial Organization and Patterns of Land UseASSESSMENT OF RESOURCE INTEGRITY
Cluster Arrangement
Circulation
Vegetation
Land Use
Response to Natural Features
Cultural Traditions
Structures
Views and Vistas
Archaeological Resources
Boundaries
Small Scale Features
Location
Setting
Design
Materials
Workmanship
Feeling and Association
Other Criteria
Community Organization
Species Composition
Management Techniques
TREATMENT RECOMMENDATIONS AND DEVELOPMENT ALTERNATIVES
PRESERVATION APPROACH
TREATMENT RECOMMENDATION
Issue 1: Loss of Character Defining FeaturesDEVELOPMENTAL ALTERNATIVES
Issue 2: Vegetation Management
General SiteIssue 3: Erosion Control
Area A — Agricultural Fields and Associated Ditches
Area B — Residential Compound
Area C — Barn Lot and Corrals
Area D — Specialty Gardens
Area E — School House Tract
Area F — Hubbell Hill
Fruit and Nut Tree Management
Other Field Trees
Agricultural Field Management
Exotic Invasive Species in Pueblo Colorado Wash
Pueblo Colorado WashIssue 4: Routine Maintenance and View Management
Side Drainages/Arroyo West of Housing Area
Protection and Erosion Control Measures for Exposed Tree Roots on School House/Chapter House Tract
Issue 1: Rehabilitation of Agricultural Landscape and GardensSUMMARY
Vegetable Garden West of Hubbell ResidenceIssue 2: Circulation
Vegetable Garden South of the Stone Bunkhouse
Agricultural Fields
Issue 3: Visitor Interpretation
Issue 4: Associated Lands
Hubbell Hill
Holding Pond-Irrigation Reservoir
Ganado Dam and Main Irrigation Canal
Adjacent Lands
APPENDIX 1: GANADO IRRIGATION SYSTEM
APPENDIX 2: TYPES OF LANDSCAPE VIEWS
APPENDIX 3: FIELD SKETCHES
APPENDIX 4: CLUSTER ARRANGEMENTS
APPENDIX 5: TYPES OF HISTORIC FENCING
APPENDIX 6: DOCUMENTATION OF PAST TREATMENTS
LIST OF FIGURES
1. Vicinity map
2. Project locale
3. Land classification and management zoning map
4. Pueblo Colorado Wash just west of Hubbell Trading Post, 1993
5. Agriculture field in nearby community of Cornfields, Arizona, 1993
6. Routes of Spanish explorers
7. Spanish and Mexican missions and presidios in the Arizona area
8. Early exploration routes into the Arizona area
9. Early stage routes through the Arizona area
10. The Navajo region
11. Navajo Reservation boundaries
12. Navajo country, 1934
13. United States Geological Survey topographic map, 1892, Ft. Defiance, 1:25,000, showing Pueblo Colorado (Ganado)
14. Old Leonard Trading Post following Hubbell's acquisition of the property
15. Leonard/Hubbell Trading Post, 1895
16. Early roads and trails in vicinity of Pueblo Colorado (Ganado)
17. Hypothetical schematic layout of early Trading Post buildings
18. Letterhead used by C.N. Cotton while operating the Trading Post
19. Hubbell Trading Post with Leonard buildings in the foreground, around 1897
20. Detail of fence construction between Hubbell home and Trading Post, around 1913
21. Plank boardwalk at Hubbell home, around 1903
22. Kentucky style fences around Hubbell fields, around 1913
23. West side of Hubbell home showing bread oven and surrounding yard, around 1905
24. Hubbell's granddaughter, LaCharles, near Leonard/Hubbell Trading Post buildings, around 1911
25. Hubbell's granddaughter, La Charles, around 1910
26. Hubbell's grandchildren playing in front of Hubbell home, around 1915
27. Hubbell family members sitting east of Trading Post building, around 1909-1913
28. Hubbell Trading Post with sheep herd in foreground, around 1913
29. Hubbell's grandchildren, LaCharles and John (?), in front of Hubbell home, around 1918
30. Hubbell Trading Post and home, around 1920
31. Hubbell's grandchildren in garden area northwest of the Hubbell home
32. Hubbell's household helpers, Daisy and Elizabeth in front of Delco building on schoolhouse tract, around 1920
33. Water tower support adjacent to bread oven, around 1926-1930
34. Hubbell family members in front of Hubbell home, around 1929
35. Hubbell flower garden area, before 1930
36. Hubbell corral and shed, around 1920-1930
37. Hubbell grandchildren in front of Hubbell home, around 1915
38. Hubbell horse and cattle corrals west of Hubbell Hill on north side of Pueblo Colorado Wash
39. Dorothy Hubbell in picnic area adjacent to guest hogan, 1954
40. East side of Hubbell Trading Post, around 1950
41. Sign board and bell at entrance to Hubbell yard, around 1955
42. Hubbell family members in flower garden area in front of Hubbell home
43. LaCharles Eckel in Hubbell flower garden
44. View from the shed area toward Hubbell Hill, 1993
45. Loaded freight wagons east of Trading Post, around 1906
46. Vehicle parking east of Trading Post, 1993
47. Section of old, abandoned highway on north side of Pueblo Colorado Wash, 1993
48. Pre-1913 Hubbell landscape showing sparse vegetative cover along Pueblo Colorado Wash
49. Hubbell landscape showing invasive vegetation along Pueblo Colorado Wash, 1993
50. Front entry — south side of visitor contact/administration office, 1993
51. North patio area of Hubbell Trading Post with grinding wheel, 1993
52. Historic gate between Hubbell Trading Post and Hubbell home, 1993
53. Existing conditions base map for Hubbell Trading Post landscape.
54. Landscape detail — schoolhouse tract
55. Landscape detail — quarters/barn/gardens
56. Keyed photograph map showing existing conditions of select landscape features
57. Circular stone planter in front yard of Hubbell home, 1993
58. Wooden gate in alley between Trading Post and Hubbell home, 1993
59. Barbecue pit north of guest hogan, 1993
60. Dinner bell on wood ladder southwest of Hubbell home, 1993
61. Chicken coop behind manager's residence, 1993
62. Matanza (slaughtering rack) adjacent to root cellar east of kitchen, 1993
63. Historic iron gate between barn and wareroom extension, 1993
64. Loading chute east of corrals and south of barn, 1993
65. Feeding troughs in corral area immediately south of blacksmith shop, 1993
66. Stile and wood slat gate immediately east of barn, 1993
67. Two historic gates along west side of barn lot, north of stone bunkhouse, 1993
68. Hogan in the lane and remnants of wooden platform in apple tree, 1993
69. Gate north of Trading Post, 1993
70. North entrance to Trading Post, 1993
71. Apricot tree and cast iron lion planter in interior courtyard of Hubbell house, 1993
72. Cast iron lion planter and iris in interior courtyard of Hubbell house, 1993
73. Vines covering summer house/gazebo, 1993
74. Guest hogan, 1993
75. Picnic and barbecue area north of guest hogan, 1993
76. Wildflowers along east wall of manager's residence, 1993
77. Clothesline behind manager's residence, 1993
78. Gate and sheep corral south of barn, 1993
79. Gate in sheep corral area south of barn, 1993
80. Wagon shed area southwest of barn, 1993
81. Garden gate south of stone bunkhouse, 1993
82. Historic photograph of the Leonard buildings, pre-1913
83. Gate in barn lot area adjacent to sheep pens, 1993
84. Historic land use areas as defined by landscape analysis
85. Navajo, Hopi, and Zuni lands
86. Highway bridge crossing Pueblo Colorado Wash adjacent to Hubbell Trading Post, 1931
87. Hubbell grandchildren sitting on early bridge on road leading northwest away from Trading Post
88. Historic photograph of early Leonard/Hubbell Trading Post site, pre-1913
89. Hubbell's grandson, John L. Hubbell, holding large beet
90. Dorothy Hubbell in flower garden, around 1925
91. Hubbell's grandson, John L. Hubbell (Jack), with Airedale, Robin Hood
92. John Hubbell and "Auntie Bob" (Barbara Hubbell Goodman) in flower garden, around 1928
93. Monnie, Dorothy, Betty, and Jack in flower garden area in front of Hubbell home
94. Matanza (slaughtering rack) at west end of sheds being use to slaughter a cow
95. Freighter's garage and matanza in barn lot being used to slaughter a goat, around 1931
96. Ford truck chassis discarded in drainage, 1993
97. Bread oven and shed west of Hubbell home, post 1910
98. Bread oven and shed west of Hubbell home, post 1910
99. Roman Hubbell and his pet monkey, Eva, 1928
100. Roman holding baby with Jimmy, the crow, and Eva on his shoulder
101. Roman D. (Monnie) and John L. (Jack) Hubbell on seesaw
102. Miles, Charlotte Chain, and LaCharles near tanks east of Trading Post, around 1915
103. Charlie Ballreich in auto just east of Trading Post, around 1915
104. Daisy and Elizabeth east of Trading Post with Delco building in background, around 1920
105. Gas pump immediately east of Trading Post, 1965
106. Details of bio-engineered style gabions
107. Tetrahedrons used for arroyo stabilization in vicinity of Cornfields, 1993
108. Accessible design, visitor contact station and administrative offices: existing conditions
109. Accessible design, visitor contact station and administrative offices: design alternatives
110. Accessible design, visitor contact station and administrative offices: site development history
111. Recommended treatment for rehabilitation of agricultural fields
LIST OF TABLES
2. Character Defining Features
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Last Updated: 26-Apr-2004