1. Ovid Butler to Roosevelt, Sept. 20, 1933, Files of the Secretary of Agriculture-Conservation.

2. Granger to Regional Foresters, Nov. 4, 1933, C.R.M., No. 791, Permanent CCC. The chief forester, Major Stuart, had committed suicide in October, 1933, and was eventually replaced by Ferdinand A. Silcox. See Schlesinger, II, 340.

3. Roosevelt to Owen Winston, Jan. 25, 1934, in Nixon, I, 247.

4. Rosenman, ed., Papers, IV, 365.

5. C.R.M., No. 791, Permanent CCC.

6. Sen. Albert Thomas (Dem., Utah) to Roosevelt, March 18, 1936, Roosevelt Papers, P.P.F. 1454.

7. Roosevelt to Fechner, March 23, 1936, Roosevelt Papers, O.F. 268, Box 7; Rosenman, ed., Papers, V, 150-151.

8. Fechner to Roosevelt, Oct. 24, 1936, ibid., O.F. 268, Box 7.

9. New York Times, Oct. 28, 1936.

10. C.R.M., No. 791, Permanent CCC.

11. "Plan for a Permanent CCC.," Jan. 30, 1936, S.D., Education, Correspondence.

12. Advisory Council, Minutes, Dec. 22, 1936.

13. Ibid.

14. Ibid.

15. Ibid.

16. Rosenman, ed., Papers, V, 645.

17. New York Times, Jan. 9, 1937; St. Louis Post-Dispatch, Jan. 9, 1937.

18. Nixon, II, 34. The bill had been drafted by Fechner, based on previously issued Executive Orders relating to the administration of the CCC.

19. Permanency Hearings, 1937, pp. 1-3.

20. To Establish a Civilian Conservation Corps: Hearings Before the Committee on Education and Labor, United States Senate, 75th Congress, First Session, on S. 2102, April 9 and 13, 1937 (Washington, 1937).

21. Ibid., pp. 54-56.

22. Ibid., p. 57.

23. Permanency Hearings, 1937, pp. 93-95.

24. Ibid., p. 97.

25. Ibid., p. 101.

26. Ibid., p. 105.

27. New York Times, April 22, 1937.

28. Ibid., May 4, 1947.

29. C.R., 75th Cong., 1st Sess., Vol. 81, Pt. 4, p. 4351.

30. Ibid., pp. 4350-4351, 4357.

31. Ibid., pp. 4355, 4361-4362. This was the same Connery who had opposed the original measure in 1933. See chap. i, above.

32. Ibid., p. 4361.

33. The only vocal opposition to continuance came from a long-time foe of the CCC, Rep. John Taber (Rep., N. Y.), who felt that the Corps did not teach the boys in "the old fashioned American way, how to make something of himself." He stood "absolutely square-toed opposed" to the bill. Ibid., p. 4360.

34. See Burns, pp. 293-315.

35. C.R., 75th Cong., 1st Sess., Vol. 81, Pt. 4, pp. 4352, 4358.

36. Ibid., p. 4363.

37. Ibid., p. 4376.

38. Ibid., p. 4379. This was one of Connery's last appearances in Congress, as he died in June, 1937.

39. Ibid., p. 4379.

40. Ibid., p. 4383.

41. Ibid., p. 4386.

42. Ibid., p. 4390.

43. Ibid., p. 4388.

44. Ibid., p. 4384.

45. Ibid., p. 4430. They were Reps. Ross A. Collins (Dem., Miss), Fred L. Crawford (Rep., Mich.), Francis D. Culkin (Rep., N.Y.), Martin J. Kennedy (Dem., N.Y.), Earl C. Michener (Rep., Mich.), John Taber (Rep., N.Y.), and James W. Wadsworth (Rep., N.Y.).

46. New York Times, May 12 and 13, 1937.

47. Chicago Tribune, May 12 and 15, 1937.

48. Boston Evening Transcript, May 13, 1937; Baltimore Sun, May 13, 1937.

49. St. Louis Post-Dispatch, May 17, 1937.

50. Advisory Council, Minutes, May 12, 1937.

51. New York Times, May 13 and 14, 1937.

52. C.R., 75th Cong., 1st Sess., Vol, 81, Pt. 5, p. 4763.

53. Ibid., p. 4768.

54. Ibid., p. 4825-4826.

55. Ibid., p. 4830.

56. Ibid.

57. Ibid., p. 4835.

58. Ibid., p. 4841.

59. Ibid., p. 4844. Twenty-seven senators did not vote.

60. Ibid., pp. 5371-5373.

61. Ibid., pp. 6095-6102.

62. Ibid., pp. 6203-6205; New York Times, June 29, 1937.

63. New York Times, April 22, 1937.

64. Ibid.; see also C.R., 75th Cong., 1st Sess., Vol. 81, Pt. 5, pp. 4767-4768.

65. New York Times, May 12 and 13, 1937; Chicago Tribune, May 15, 1937.

66. Dexter Perkins, The New Age of Franklin Roosevelt 1932-45 (Chicago, 1957), pp. 63-64.

67. New York Times, Sept. 22, 1937; Roosevelt to Coy. Prentice Cooper, Nashville, Tenn., Feb. 1, 1939, in Nixon, II, 297-298.

68. New York Times, Feb. 6, 1939.

69. See To Make the Civilian Conservation Corps a Permanent Agency: Hearings Before the Committee on Labor, House of Representatives, 76th Congress, First Session, on H.R. 2990, Feb. 9, 23, and 24, 1939 (Washington, 1939), p. 1. The President in his budget message had recommended that the Corps be made permanent. He had privately told Fechner, however, that he would be perfectly satisfied if all Congress did was to extend the present legislation. New York Times, Jan. 6, 1939; Advisory Council, Minutes, Nov. 29, 1938.

70. Permanency Hearings, 1939, p. 26.

71. Ibid., p. 39.

72. Ibid., p. 96.

73. Ibid., p. 103.

74. Ibid., p. 15.

75. Subsequently reduced to three, to July 1, 1943. C.R., 76th Cong., 1st Sess., Vol. 84, Pt. 10, p. 10550.

76. Amending an Act Establishing a Civilian Conservation Corps, House of Representatives, Report No. 447, 76th Congress, First Session (Washington, 1939).

77. New York Times, July 23, 1939.

78. C.R., 76th Cong., 1st Sess., Vol. 84, Pt. 10, p. 10550.

79. Ibid., p. 10659.

80. New York Times, Aug. 9, 1939.