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FORT STANWIX
Casemates and Cannonballs Archeological Investigations at Fort Stanwix National Monument |
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 1: Introduction
Intrusions
Organization
Chapter 2: From Portage to Park
Indians and Trade
French and Indian War
Pontiac Conspiracy
Missionaries and Settlers
American Revolution
Peace
Settlement
Park
Chapter 3: The Fort and Its Structure
Bakehouse
Banquette
Barracks
Bastions
Berm
Bombproofs
Bridge
Casemates
Communication
Covered Way
Curtain
Counterscarp
Ditch
Drain
Gateway
Glacis
Laboratory
Necessary
Parade Ground
Parapet
Palisades
Rampart
Ravelin
Redout
Revetment
Sally Port
Scarp
Terrepleine
Whipping Post
Summary
Chapter 4: Artifacts
Building Hardware
Weapons
Ordnance
Clothing and Ornamentation
Tools
Transportation Objects
Containers
Cooking
Implements
Furniture Parts
Weights and Measures
Sewing Objects
Personal Property
Coins and Tokens
Musical Instruments
Marking Implements
Miscellaneous
Prehistoric Indian Artifacts
Chapter 5: The Times that Tried Men's Souls
Living Conditions
Casualties and Desertions
Crime and Punishment
Indian Relations
Sickness and Disease
Duty
Communications
Food
Clothing
Holidays and Celebrations
Civilians
Summary
Appendices
A. Cemetary
B. Food Remains
C. Archeological Features
Index (omitted from the online edition)
Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data
Hanson, Lee H.
Casemates and Cannonballs.(Publications in archeology; 14)
Bibliography: p.
Includes index.
Supt. of Docs. no.: I 29.59:14
1. Stanwix, Fort, N. Y. I. Hsu, Dick Ping, joint author. II. Title. III. Series.
E51.U75 no. 14 [F129.R82] 623'.1'097462 75-619143
LIST OF FIGURES
1. Plan of downtown Rome, New York, and location of Fort Stanwix National Monument
2. Aerial view of Fort Stanwix during excavation
3. The Oneida Carrying Place and location of pre-1758 forts
4. 1758 plan of Fort Stanwix; Crown Collection (No. cxxi, 99)
5. 1764 plan of Fort Stanwix; Crown Collection (No. cxxi, 102)
6. Boundary line established by the 1768 Treaty of Fort Stanwix
7. Gansevoort Plan of Fort Stanwix, ca. 1777; New York Public Library
8. Architectural reconstruction of Fort Stanwix (three-dimensional projection view)
9. Architectural side elevation (reconstruction) of Fort Stanwix
10. Plan of the 18th-century remains of Fort Stanwix
11. View of the bakehouse excavation
12. Close-up of the steps leading into the bakehouse
13. Fireplace in the bakehouse
14. Plans of the east and west barracks
15. Sections through the east and west barracks
16. View of a clay-lined cellar (Feature 69) in the east barracks
17. View of rubble fill in a clay-lined cellar (Feature 57) in the west barracks
18. Plan of the northeast bombproof
19. Section through the northeast bombproof
20. Plan of the northwest bombproof
21. Section through the northwest bombproof
22. Plan of the southwest bombproof
23. Section through the southwest bombproof
24. Plan of the north casemate
25. Section through the north casemate
26. View of the westernmost fireplace (Feature 10) in the north casemate
27. Plan of the southwest casemate
28. Section through the southwest casemate
29. Brick rubble on top of a box (Feature 51) in the floor of the southwest casemate
30. Plan of the box (Feature 51) in the southwest casemate
31. Section through Feature 51 in the southwest casemate
32. Cross section of the north ditch
33. Plan of the sally port, drain, communication and redout
34. Section through the sally port, drain, communication and redout
35. View of the main gate
36. Fireplace on the east scarp
37. Graph showing iron nail sizes
38. Nails, staples, piton, rivets and bolts
39. Washers, flange, hinges and braces
40. Hinges and pintles
41. Hinge and pintle from the drawbridge
42. Hasps, doorpulls, hooks and keys
43. Gun furniture
44. Gun furniture, vent picks, scabbard hooks, scabbard tips and gunflints
45. Bayonet, spears, pistol barrel and gunflint pads
46. Cannonballs, mortar shell, cannister shot, sprue, musket balls, buckshot, birdshot and cannon primers
47. Grenadier's match-case
48. Braid and buttons
49. Buttons and sleeve links
50. Clasps and buckles
51. Buckles
52. Eyelet, bracelet, pendants, tinkling cones, earring, net sinker and beads
53. Spades and shovel
54. Picks
55. Axes
56. Hammers, frow, file, wedge, chisels, augers, screwdriver, cleaver, and billhook
57. Horseshoes, oxshoe, cotter pin, linch pins, axle hubs, harness fasteners, spur, stirrup and bridle bit
58. Oriental porcelain and white salt-glazed stoneware
59. White salt-glazed stoneware
60. White salt-glazed stoneware plates
61. Polychrome painted and "Scratch Blue" white salt-glazed stoneware
62. Tin-glazed refined buffware
63. Tin-glazed refined buffware and lead-glazed refined buffware
64. Polychrome-glazed refined buffware, lead-glazed slipped coarse buffware and black-glazed refined redware
65. Lead-glazed coarse redware
66. Bottles
67. Bottles
68. Decanters, wine glasses, beaker and ink wells
69. Kettles, pot lid and tin can
70. Griddle, griddle handles and pot hooks
71. Key plates, tacks, balance beam, rulers, protractor, plumb bob, scissors, thimbles, needle and pins
72. Pipes
73. Knives and razor
74. Forks and spoons
75. Combs, sad iron, coins, jetton, game counters, jews harp, whistle, bells, pencils, signets and bale seal
76. Ferrules, gunner's sight (?), brass plate, unidentified lead objects, button bit and blanks
77. Prehistoric Indian stone artifacts
78. Distribution of prehistoric Indian artifacts
79. Location of a fort cemetery
LIST OF TABLES
2. Distribution of staples, screws, rivets, bolts, nuts and washers
3. Distribution of hinges, pintles, hasps and keys
4. Distribution of thicknesses of window glass in wood and clay-lined cellar holes
5. Distribution of weapons, weapon parts and accoutrements
6. Unmodified Dutch gunflints separated on the basis of color
7. Distribution of gunflint series
8. Comparison of sites by frequency percentage of gunflints
9. Distribution of cannonballs, mortar bombs, hand grenades and cannister shot
10. Comparison of cannister shot sizes in different areas
11. Distribution of musket balls by condition
12. Distribution of musket balls by calibers
13. Distribution of buckshot and birdshot
14. Distribution of sprues and lead waste
15. Distribution of button types
16. Distribution of sleeve links and clasps
17. Distribution of buckles
18. Distribution of eyelets, pendants, tinkling cones and beads
19. Distribution of axes and wedges
20. Distribution of horseshoes and oxshoes
21. Distribution of pottery types
22. Distribution of pottery vessel forms by type
23. Distribution of pottery vessel forms by area
24. Distribution of bottles, decanters, wine glasses, tumblers, beaker, glass cup (?) and ink wells
25. Distribution of kettle and collander fragments
26. Distribution of griddle handles, pot hooks and broilers
27. Distribution of brass tacks
28. Distribution of scissors
29. Distribution of straight pins
30. Distribution of pipe stems by bore diameter
31. Distribution of tobacco pipes
32. Distribution of knives, forks and spoons
33. Distribution of coins
34. Sizes of dated coins in millimeters
35. Distribution of lead pencils
36. Distribution of Indian stone artifacts
37. American casualties and desertions at Fort Stanwix
38. Minimum number of animals in the garbage dump in the sally port
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| Frontispiece. Fort Stanwix: architectural rendering |
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Last Updated: 02-Dec-2008