Series: A Victory Turned From Disaster

On October 19th General Jubal Early’s Confederates launched a predawn attack here at Cedar Creek and drove Union troops out of their lines and through Middletown in disarray. Union General Philip Sheridan, however, rallied his troops and turned the Confederate victory into a total defeat.

  • Cedar Creek & Belle Grove National Historical Park

    Article 1: Eve of Battle

    In an 1860s sketch, officers and civilians watch soliders parade in a mountain valley.

    On the night of October 18, 1864, tents sheltering part of General Philip Sheridan’s 32,000 strong Union Army of the Shenandoah blanketed the fields of Belle Grove. Read more

  • Cedar Creek & Belle Grove National Historical Park

    Article 2: Long Meadow Crossing

    Soldiers cross a river under cover of dark in a watercolored 1864 sketch.

    Two Confederate divisions crossed the North Fork of the Shenandoah and marched along the road, passing Long Meadow. Read more

  • Cedar Creek & Belle Grove National Historical Park

    Article 3: Silent March

    An 1885 photo shows a improved dirt road flanked by wood fences and farms.

    After fording Cedar Creek, approximately 3,000 Confederates marched with a rising fog obscuring their movements. Read more

  • Cedar Creek & Belle Grove National Historical Park

    Article 4: Surprise Attack

    An 1860s sketch shows officers and a signalman spying enemies from a mountain top.

    After a silent all-night march along the base of the Massanutten, the Confederates forded the creek and river and, aided by a dense fog, stormed this hill, catching many of the Union soldiers unaware, some still sleeping in their tents. Read more

  • Cedar Creek & Belle Grove National Historical Park

    Article 5: Bearing the Brunt

    Well-dressed men and women pose in front of a stone war memorial in a 1907 photo.

    The 128th New York Regiment bore the brunt of the Confederate attack against their position. In the fog and smoke they could see little-- only the flash of rifles and sounds of battle told them where the enemy was. Read more

  • Cedar Creek & Belle Grove National Historical Park

    Article 6: Stand of the Eighth Vermont

    An ink line drawing depicts intense fighting around a US Army flag bearer in the Civil War.

    In a desperate attempt to stem the onward rush of Confederates, Col. Stephen Thomas was ordered to sacrifice his 1,000 soldiers from Vermont, New York, Connecticut, and Pennsylvania. The fight that followed was a “vortex of hell,” one veteran later claimed. Read more

  • Cedar Creek & Belle Grove National Historical Park

    Article 7: A Rich Prize

    An 1864 sketch depicts columns of soliders retreating from a burning camp near a plantation house.

    Belle Grove was Union headquarters, and thus was surrounded by hundreds of supply wagons, ambulances, and tents. As the Confederate advance neared the plantation manor house there was a scramble to evacuate them to safety. Read more

  • Cedar Creek & Belle Grove National Historical Park

    Article 8: Defense in the Cemetery

    A full color painting illustrates a Civil War battle with artillery, cavalrymen, and foot soldiers.

    The Middletown Cemetery, on a knoll west of the village, was the only point where Union officers believed they could establish a strong position and attempt to slow the Confederate advance. Read more

  • Cedar Creek & Belle Grove National Historical Park

    Article 9: The Fatal Halt

    An 1864 sketch depicts two Civil War officers on horseback having an animated talk amid battle.

    General John Gordon and his commanding officer, General Jubal Early, met to assess the situation. Gordon urged continuing the pursuit. Early believed that the battle had been won. Read more

  • Cedar Creek & Belle Grove National Historical Park

    Article 10: Sheridan Arrives

    A Civil War general on horseback rallies soldiers to the US flag by waving his hat.

    General Philip Sheridan arrived on the battlefield following his famous and dramatic ride from his headquarters in Winchester. Read more

  • Cedar Creek & Belle Grove National Historical Park

    Article 11: Union Counterattack

    An 1864 sketch depicts an armed battle on farm fields at a distance.

    Sheridan’s reformed battle lines stretched for almost two miles from east to west. Their counterattack took them back over the fields that they had earlier fled. Read more