Volunteer Bird Monitoring at Hopewell Culture National Historical Park

Birds are an important part of the world we live in. They eat pests, spread seeds, pollinate plants, feed us, and provide enjoyment. And, they are beautiful, flying creatures. Who hasn’t wanted to soar like a bird at one time or another? Birds are a significant component of park ecosystems. Their habitat requirements and diverse diets make birds good indicators of changes in an ecosystem – the canary in the coal mine, so to speak. But, many grassland and woodland birds are declining in number. There are many reasons, such as habitat loss, global warming, wind turbines, and cats.

We track the types and numbers of birds that nest in national parks to determine the health of bird communities. We do this by surveying birds during the breeding season. We also characterize their habitat. For example, the amount of forest and grassland, and vegetation structure. Over time, we look for trends in the community. For context, we compare our findings to trends in the region. Long-term population trends in the bird community help us to assess the quality and sustainability of park ecosystems.

Figure 1. Appalachian Mountains and Eastern Tallgrass Prairie Bird Conservation Regions.

NPS

Methods:
For details on methods of bird surveys see Peitz et al. (2008).

• Bird communities were monitored at 28 points by Andrew L. Molloy, Jason R. Snider, Jacob J. Sisler and Nathan Stricker, between May 30th and June 1st.
• All birds seen or heard in a 5-minute sampling period at each plot were recorded.
• Residency status of each species was established prior to analysis of the data (Peterjohn 2001)
• Using hot-spot-analysis in ArcGIS, areas of higher and lower species richness on the park were determined.
• Calculated number of individuals encountered per plot visit, and proportion of plots occupied by a species.

Figure 2.Concentrations of plots with high (yellow) to higher (red) and low (light blue) to lower (dark blue) breeding bird species richness at Hopewell Culture National Historical Park, Ohio in 2017.

NPS

Summary of Findings:

• Sixty-five bird species were observed during surveys. All species are resident or summer resident species thus are considered breeding species at HOCU (Table 1).
• The most commonly occurring and widespread bird on HOCU was the Red-winged Blackbird.
• Seven species are species of conservation concern (Table 1) for the Appalachian Mountains and Eastern Tallgrass Prairie Bird Conservation Regions (Figure 1).
• Hot-spot-analysis showed slightly higher than expected species richness on the Hopeton Earthworks Unit and lower than expected richness on the Mound City Unit of HOCU (Figure 2).

Table 1. Number of individuals encountered per plot visit, and proportion of plots out of 27 occupied by breeding bird species at Hopewell Culture National Historical Park, Ohio during the 2017 bird surveys. Number of individuals per plot, and proportion of plots occupied includes all individuals recorded on plots during a 5-minute survey, including flyovers.

Common name	Residency1	Individuals / plot visit	Proportion of plots occupied
Acadian Flycatcher	SR	0.04	0.04
American Crow	SR	0.54	0.32
American Goldfinch	SR	0.71	0.36
American Redstart	SR	0.04	0.04
American Robin	R	0.75	0.46
Bank Swallow	SR	0.21	0.11
Baltimore Oriole	SR	0.18	0.11
Barn Swallow	SR	0.57	0.25
Black Vulture	R	0.04	0.04
Blue-gray Gnatcatcher	SR	0.14	0.11
Blue Jay	R	0.20	0.20
Bobolink	SR	0.04	0.04
Brown-headed Cowbird	SR	0.29	0.25
Brown Thrasher	R	0.11	0.11
Canada Goose	R	0.54	0.04
Carolina Wren	R	0.07	0.07
Cedar Waxwing	SR	0.11	0.07
Chipping Sparrow	SR	0.07	0.07
Cliff Swallow	SR	0.07	0.04
Common Grackle	R	1.18	0.32
Common Yellowthroat	SR	0.82	0.43
Dickcissel	SR	0.90	0.30
Downy Woodpecker	R	0.07	0.07
Eastern Kingbird	SR	0.10	0.10
Eastern Meadowlark	SR	1.50	0.54
Eastern Towhee	SR	0.11	0.07
Eastern Wood-pewee	SR	0.18	0.14
European Starling	R	1.25	0.29
Field Sparrow	SR	0.80	0.50
Gray Catbird	SR	0.32	0.29
Grasshopper Sparrow	SR	0.39	0.21
Hairy Woodpecker	R	0.04	0.04
Henslow’s Sparrow	SR	0.79	0.18
House Sparrow	R	0.07	0.07
House Wren	SR	0.29	0.21
Indigo Bunting	SR	0.29	0.25
Killdeer	SR	0.10	0.00
Mourning Dove	R	0.57	0.46
Northern Cardinal	R	1.00	0.68
Northern Flicker	R	0.11	0.11
Northern Mockingbird	R	0.07	0.07
Northern Parula	SR	0.04	0.04
Northern Rough-winged Swallow	SR	0.11	0.11
Orchard Oriole	SR	0.14	0.14
Pileated Woodpecker	R	0.11	0.11
Prairie Warbler	SR	0.11	0.07
Red-bellied Woodpecker	R	0.39	0.32
Red-eyed Vireo	SR	0.07	0.07
Rock Dove	R	0.68	0.07
Ring-neck Pheasant	R	0.18	0.11
Red-tailed Hawk	R	0.04	0.04
Red-winged Blackbird	R	2.61	0.71
Scarlet Tanager	SR	0.07	0.07
Song Sparrow	R	0.71	0.50
Tree Swallow	SR	0.46	0.21
Tufted Titmouse	R	0.32	0.29
Turkey Vulture	SR	0.11	0.11
White-eyed Vireo	SR	0.11	0.04
White-breasted Nuthatch	R	0.04	0.04
Willow Flycatcher	SR	0.18	0.11
Wood Duck	R	0.04	0.04
Wood Thrush	SR	0.21	0.14
Yellow-breasted Chat	SR	0.14	0.14
Yellow-billed Cuckoo	SR	0.04	0.04
Yellow Warbler	SR	0.25	0.18

¹ Residency status: R = year around resident; SR = summer resident (Peterjohn 2001).
Bolded species names are those species considered of conservation concern for the Appalachian Mountains and Eastern Tallgrass Prairie Bird Conservation Regions (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 2008).

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Data in this report were collected and analyzed using methods based on established, peer-reviewed protocols and were analyzed and interpreted within the guidelines of the protocols.

Data for year 2018 have undergone quality control and certification, but not previously published.