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Chapter 5
Cultural Affiliation Study of the Kennewick Human Remains: Review of Bio-Archaeological Information
Steven Hackenberger Ph.D.

Table 1. Chronological Outline 11000 to 1000 B.P.
[Long description]

Time Period Site Name Mortuary Data (n=) Osteological Data Investigators Annotation/ Appendix
11000-9000 Marmes Cremation? (n=10?) Limited Keel et al. 1968;
Krantz 1969, 1979 		Yes/ None
Yes/ Appendix 26
  Buhl Position/ objects? (n=1) Metric/
N-Metric		 Green et al. 1998;

Neves and Blum 2000 		Yes/ Appendix 18
Yes/ Appendix 33
  Kennewick Indeterminate (n=1) Metric/
N-Metric		 Chatters 1998, 2000;
Chatters et al. 1999;
Powell and Rose 1999 		No/ None

No/ None

No/ None
9000-7000 Marmes Indeterminate (n=2?) Metric/
N-Metric		 Breschini 1975, 1979 Yes/ Appendix 5
  Gore Creek Slide (n=1) Metric Cybulski et al. 1981 Yes/ None
  Prospect? Indeterminate (n=1) Metric/
N-Metric		 Cressman 1940b;
Jantz and Owsley 1999a,
Jantz and Owsley 1999b 		No/ None
Yes/ None

Yes/ None
  Buck Cave? (n=1) ? ?  
  Catlow? Indeterminate (n=2) Limited Cressman 1940a,
Cressman 1942 		Yes/ None
Yes/ Appendix 13
  Stickman? Indeterminate (n=1) Metric/
N-Metric		 Chatters et al. (In prep.) No/ None
7000-5000 Marmes Pit-Flex/
objects (n=3?) 		Metric/
N-Metric		 Keel and Fryxell 1969;
Rice 1969;
Breschini 1975, 1979 		Yes/ None

Yes/ None
Yes/ Appendix 5
  Braden Cremations (n=2)
Pit-Flex/
objects (n=10) 		Metric/
N-Metric		 Harten 1975;

Pavesic 1985 1992;
Owsley and Yohe (In Prep.) 		Yes/ Appendix 22
No/ None

No/ None
  DeMoss Indeterminate (n=22+) Metric/
N-Metric		 Green et al. 1986;
Seachord 1985;
Owsley and Yohe (In Prep.) 		Yes/ None No/None
No/ None
5000-3000 Marmes Pit-Flex/
objects (n=3?) 		Metric Keel and Fryxell 1969;
Rice 1969;
Breschini 1975, 1979 		Yes/ None

No/ None
Yes/ Appendix 5
  Chiawana? FR101 Pit-Flex/
objects (n=?) 		Metric/
N-Metric		 Rice 1967;
Cleveland and Uebelacker 1980;
U.I. Lab Metrics 		Yes/ None
Yes/ None

No/ Appendix 41
  Big Leap? Cairn/Cremation Rock Mound (n=300-400?) None Butler 1959, 1963;
Schulting 1995 		No/ None
Yes/ None
  Maybe Site? Cairn/Cremation Rock Mound (n=?) None Bergen 1989;
McLeod 1958;
Schulting 1995 		No/ None
No/ None
Yes/ None
  Congdon II? Indeterminate Cairn/Cremation Rock Mound (n=51+) Metric Butler 1963;
Gardner 1963;
Schulting 1995;
Chatters and Hackenberger (In Prep.) 		Yes/Appendix 6
Yes/Appendix 6
Yes/ None
No/ None
  Atlatl III? Indeterminate (n=?) None Strong 1959
Schulting 1995 		No/ None
Yes/ None
3000-1000 Marmes Pit-Flex/objects (n=1-2?) Metric Keel and Fryxell 1969
Rice 1969;
Breschini 1975, 1979 		Yes/ None

No/ None
Yes/ Appendix 5
  Chiawana? FR101 Pit-Flex/objects (n=16?) Metric/
N-Metric		 Rice 1967
Cleveland and Uebelacker 1980;
U.I. Lab Metrics 		Yes/ None
Yes/ None

No/ Appendix 41
  Rabbit Island I? Extend/objects (n=11) Metric Crabtree 1957
Heglar 1957 		Yes/ Appendix 12
Yes/ Appendix 23
  Sheep Island BN55? Pit-Flex/objects (n=?) ? Shiner 1961 Yes/None
  35UM35B Umatilla Pit-Flex/objects Multi Secondary (n=230+) Metric? Rice 1978;
U.I. Lab Records? 		Yes/ Appendix 37
  Wildcat Canyon Pit-Flex/objects (n=81+) Metric/
N-Metric		 Cole and Cressman 1960;
Minor and Dumond 1983;
Schulting 1995;
Tasa 1997;
U.O. Records (Tasa In Prep.) 		No/ None

Yes/ Appendix 15

Yes/ None
Yes/ Appendix 54
No/ Appendix 55
  Congdon III? Cairn/Cremation Rock Mound (n=? not collected) None Butler 1963;
Gardner 1963;
Chatters and Hackenberger (In Prep.); C.W.U Records 		Yes/ Appendix 6 Yes/ Appendix 6 Yes/ None
No/ None

No/ None
  Indian Well? Talus Pit? Cremation? (n=?) None Strong 1959;
Butler 1959;
Schulting 1995 		No/ None
No/ None
Yes/ None
  Atlatl II? Indeterminate (n=?) None Strong 1959;
Schulting 1995 		No/ None Yes/None
  Wakemap? Talus Pits (n=?) Pit-Flex/objects (n=?) Metric Caldwell 1956;
C.W.U. Records 		Yes/ None
No/ None
  KT27? Pit-Flex (n=1) None? Greengo 1982 No/ None
  GR77? Pit-Flex (n=1) None? Greengo 1982 No/ None
  McGraw Creek? Pit-Flex/objects Metric/
N-Metric		 Warren et al. 1999 Yes/ None
  Fuller/ Fanning? (Yamhill River) Pit-Flex/objects (n=20) Metric/
N-Metric		 Laughlin 1941;
Hegrenes 1955?;
Stepp 1984;
Tasa 1997; 		No/ None
No/ None

Yes/ Appendix 52
Yes/ None
  Gold Hill? Takelma/Penut Pit-Flex/objects (n=39+)   Cressman 1933a, 1933b;
Hegrenes 1955?;
White 1962?;
Stepp 1984;
Ferllini 1989;
Tasa 1997 		No/ None
No/ None
Yes/ None

Yes/ Appendix 52

Yes/ Appendix 16
Yes/ None
  Mahleur? (n=54+) Metric/
N-Metric		 Hemphill 1990, 1992a, 1992b, 1992c, 1993, 1999 No/ None
  Butte Cave?     Cressman?; Stewart ?; Laughlin?;  
  Government (B.C.) Cremation/objects (n=4; Child) None Smith 1900; Schulting 1995 No/ None
Yes/ None
  Cache Creek? (B.C.) (EeRh1) Cairn/Wood Cists/Flex objects (n=5) Metric/
N-Metric		 Sanger 1968; Pokotylo et al. 1987;
Schulting 1995 		Yes/ None
Yes/ None

Yes/ None

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