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A Study of the Park and Recreation Problem of the United States
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Contents
Recreational Benefits of Reservoirs
Canyon Lands of Southeastern Utah
Conservation of Recreational Resources
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A Study of the Park and Recreation Problem of the United States
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CONTENTS
CHAPTER I: THE COLORADO RIVER BASIN
General description
Life zones
Boreal Zone
Transition Zone
Upper Sonoran Zone
Lower Sonoran Zone
Life zones in relation to altitude
Life zones as modified by direction of slope and other local influences
Direction of slope
Moisture
Air currents
Mountain masses
Fish life in relation to life zones
Boreal Zone
Transition Zone
Upper and Lower Sonoran Zones
Recreational resources
CHAPTER II: GEOLOGY
General features and relations of drainage basin
Green River Basin Province
Yampa River Valley
White River Valley
Uinta Mountain Province
Uinta Range
Uinta Basin
Colorado Plateau Province
Outline of geologic history
Regional features of northern portion
Plateaus adjoining the Colorado River
The high plateaus of Utah
Navajo Country
San Juan Basin
Regional features of southern portion
Plateaus on north side of Grand Canyon
Hualpai Plateau
Coconino Plateau
Mogollon Plateau
Defiance Plateau
Zuni Mountains
Eastern border lands of Colorado Plateau
Upper Colorado River Valley
Gunnison Valley
San Juan Mountains
Western border lands of Colorado Plateau
Arizona Mountain Province
Prescott Area
Mazatzal and Sierra Ancha Mountains
Verde Valley
Recent volcanic areas
San Franciscan volcanic field
White Mountain volcanic field
Uinkaret and Shivwits Plateau volcanic fields
Basin and Range Province
Arizona-Nevada corner
Desert ranges south of Lake Mead
East-west trending ranges of middle western Arizona
Southeastern Arizona ranges
Southwestern Arizona ranges
Colorado Delta and Salton Sink
Plan recommended for development of certain recreational features in the Plateau Province
CHAPTER III: PLANT AND ANIMAL LIFE
Recreational value of plants and animals
Plants
Unity of plants and animals
Animals
Status of plant and animal life
Original conditions
Changes caused by man
Farming
Grazing
Importance of topsoil
Difference between natural and man-caused erosion
Meaning of soil erosion to human welfare
Hunting, fishing, and trapping
Stream pollution
Remedial measures so far taken
Regulations
Artificial propagation
Refuges
Soil conservation
Range management
Public education in conservation
Wildlife research
Restoration has commenced but lags behind knowledge
Grazing a basin industry that needs stabilization
Public information and more support for conservation are fundamental needs
CHAPTER VI: PREHISTORY OF MAN
Early man in the Southwest
Cochise Culture
Ventana Cave
Gypsum Cave
Little Colorado River Terrace Culture
Eden, Wyo.
Mogollon Culture
Hohokam Culture
Patayan Culture
Anasazi Culture
Northern Periphery
Modern Indian tribes
Significance of archeology
Effect of reservoirs on archeological remains
Recommended program
CHAPTER V: FACTORS DETERMINING THE RECREATIONAL BENEFITS OF RESERVOIRS
Location
Converting natural lakes into reservoirs
Reservoirs in arid regions
Convenience of access
Population of region
Nature of site
Plan of operation of the dam
Effect of fluctuation in water levels on plants
Effect on animals
Water temperatures
Fertility of the reservoir
CHAPTER VI: POTENTIAL RESERVOIRS
Green River Division
Upper Green River Basin
Yampa and White River Basins
Uinta Basin
Price and San Rafael River Basins
Grand Division
Dewey Reservoir site
McPhee Reservoir site Other reservoir sites
San Juan Division
Little Colorado Division
Virgin Division
Boulder Division
Gila Division
CHAPTER VII: THE GRAND CANYON
Bridge Canyon Reservoir Section
Lands and agencies involved
Bureau of Reclamation proposals
Bridge Canyon Dam and Reservoir
Marble Gorge Dam and Kanab Tunnel
Proposed operation of reservoirs
Effect of proposed projects on the Grand Canyon
Bridge Canyon Dam and Reservoir
Marble Gorge Dam
Kanab Tunnel and Power Plant
Suggestions for development of the Grand Canyon area
Roads
Development areas
Bridge Canyon section
Peach Springs Draw-Diamond Creek area
Granite Park
Toroweap-Whitmore Wash area
Shivwits Plateau area
CHAPTER VIII: CANYON LANDS OF SOUTHEASTERN UTAH
Location
Present roads and trails
Recreational and related values of the region
Outstanding and unique scenic sections
Gray's Pasture-Junction Butte area
Elk Ridge
Needles area
Lands End area
Hite area
Hole in Rock area
Wahweap area
Goosenecks of the San Juan River
Arch Canyon
Fisher Towers
Lands, ownership, location, and amounts Use of natural resources
Water
Other resources
Administration
Preservation of existing features
Roads
Air travel and landing fields
Recreational facilities
CHAPTER IX: DINOSAUR NATIONAL MONUMENT
Location
Scientific, scenic, and related values of the monument
Quarry Unit
Canyon Unit
Recreational values of the monument
Proposals by the Bureau of Reclamation
Echo Park Dam and Reservoir
Split Mountain Dam and Reservoir
Effects of proposed dams, reservoirs, and related structures upon national monument values
Echo Park Dam and Reservoir
Split Mountain Dam and Reservoir
Other effects
Summary
Policy and plan for the national monument
Conclusions
CHAPTER X: CONSERVATION OF RECREATIONAL RESOURCES
Important recreational areas and sites which should be preserved and developed
Wyoming
1 Wind River Range
2. Fossil quarries
3. Fort Bridger
Colorado
1 San Juan-San Miguel-Uncompahgre Mountain area
2. Elk Mountain area
3. Park Range
4. White River Plateau
5. Gore Range
6. Grand Mesa
Utah
1. Uinta Mountains
2. Aquarius Plateau-Boulder Mountain area
3. Monument Valley
4. Nine Mile Canyon
5. Poncho House
6. Westwater Ruins
7. The Old Cotton Mills
New Mexico
1. Manuelito National Monument Project
2. Gila Primitive Area
Arizona
1. Coronado International Memorial Project
2. Meteor Crater
3. Fort Bowie
4. Kinishba Ruins
5. Clear Creek Ruins
6. Chaves Pass Ruins
7. Awatovi
8. Blue Range area
9. Mount Baldy—White Mountain area
10. San Franciscan volcanic field
11. Mogollon Rim area
12. Travertine Bridge
13. Apache Trail-Superstition Mountains area
14. Oak Creek Canyon
15. Kofa Mountains
16. Southeastern Arizona Ranges
Nevada
1. Hidden Forest
2. Gypsum Cave
California
1. Palm Canyon
2. Giant pictographs
Recreation centers
Colorado
1. Steamboat Springs
2. Glenwood Springs
3. Gunnison
4. Durango
Arizona
1. Phoenix
2. Tucson
3. Prescott
4. Flagstaff
5. Winslow
6. Williams
7. Wickenburg
Utah
1 St. George, Hurricane, and Springdale
2. Moab
3. Vernal, Torrey, Escalante, and Blanding
4. Kanab
Wyoming
1. Pinedale
California
1. Palm Springs
Nevada
1. Boulder City
2. Las Vegas
Roadsides
Scenic roads
Arizona
Utah
Colorado
Roadless areas
National and State parks and monuments and national forests in the Colorado River Basin
CHAPTER XI: LIFE ZONE MAP
Methods used
Acknowledgments
INDEX (omitted from the online edition)
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
OSCAR L. CHAPMAN, Secretary
NATIONAL PARK SERVICE
NEWTON B. DRURY, Director
OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR
CONRAD L. WIRTH, Assistant Director
| REGION TWO Lawrence C. Merriam Regional Director |
REGION THREE M. R. TILLOTSON Regional Director |
SURVEY STAFF
REGION THREE
|
GEORGE W. OLCOTT Park Planner (In Charge) PHILIP W. KEARNEY Park Planner JOHN E. KELL Park Planner |
NEAL A. BUTTERFIELD Recreation Planner LOWELL SUMNER Recreation Planner HOWARD W. YOUNG Recreation Planner |
REGION TWO
GEORGE F. INGALLS, Chief
Recreation Study Division
CONSULTANT
FREDERICK LAW OLMSTED
ILLUSTRATIONS
1 View west over Colorado River to the Orange Cliffs and the Henry Mountains
2 The Wind River Mountains of Wyoming
3 Looking down the Green River Valley from La Barge, Wyo.
4 Canyon Lands of southeastern Utah—looking over the junction of the Green and Colorado Rivers to the Henry Mountains from Dark Canyon Plateau
5 The great southern desert—Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, Ariz.
6 Boreal Zone Lake Brennan, Colo.
7 Upper Sonoran Zone Canyon Lands of southeastern Utah
8 Transition Zone Shivwits Plateau
9 Lower Sonoran Zone
10 Trout fishing is excellent on the Colorado River below Hoover Dam
11 From Lipan Point on the South Rim of the Grand Canyon can be seen the Echo Cliffs and Navajo Mountain
12 Cliff Palace in Mesa Verde National Park, Colo.
13 Petroglyphs in the Needles area southeast of the junction of the Green and Colorado Rivers
14 Bonita lava flow and Sunset Crater
15 San Xavier Mission near Tucson, Ariz.
16 Gunnison River above Gunnison, Colo.
17 The Grand Canyon at the mouth of Whitmore Wash
18 Owachomo Bridge in Natural Bridges National Monument, Utah
19 The Green River passes through Split Mountain, part of the Uinta upwarp
20 The Great White Throne in Zion National Park, Utah
21 The Colorado Plateau
22 Grand Gulch in the Canyon Lands of southeastern Utah
23 East side of the Kaibab Plateau upwarp
24 Navajo Mountain
25 Elaborately carved frontal escarpment, Bryce Canyon National Park, Utah
26 Gypsum Canyon at mouth of Fable Valley in the Canyon Lands of southeastern Utah
27 Sunset Crater in Arizona
28 Abert squirrel of the Transition Zone
29 Chipmunk of the Transition Zone
30 The spreading ripple of a beaver
31 Desert bighorn in Lake Mead Recreational Area
32 Mule deer
33 An Indian ruin on the Verde River Tuzigoot National Monument, Ariz.
34 Ventana Cave
35 Hohokam pottery effigy from Casa Grande National Monument, Ariz.
36 Hohokam carved shell
37 Casa Grande—a monument to the architectural ability of the Saladoans—Casa Grande National Monument
38 Hohokam jar from Casa Grande
39 Corner of embroidered cotton blanket (Salado Culture) from Tonto National Monument, Ariz.
40 Headband slit tapestry weave in blue and white Salado Culture
41 Salado breechcloth diamond twill weave
42 Salado yucca fiber sandal
43 Pueblo Bonito—Chaco Canyon National Monument, N. Mex.
44 Check dams built by the Anasazi at Mesa Verde National Park, Colo.
45 Anasazi basket quiver from Canyon de Chelly, Ariz.
46 White House Ruin Canyon de Chelly National Monument
47 Wupatki Ruin, Ariz.
48 Montezuma Castle, Ariz.
49 Betatakin Ruin Navajo National Monument, Ariz.
50 Modern Indian Zuni Pueblo, N. Mex.
51 Flaming Gorge looking down Green River to dam site
52 Fontanelle Reservoir site looking upstream from dam site
53 Burnt Lake on the west slope of the Wind River Range
54 Hades Reservoir site—looking up the Duchesne River Valley
55 Castle Creek Reservoir site north of Gunnison, Colo.
56 Lake San Cristobal near Lake City, Colo.
57 Dewey Reservoir area
58 Westwater Canyon of Colorado River at Big Hole Dewey Reservoir area
59 Canyon of Colorado River near Colorado-Utah State line
60 McPhee Dam site—looking down Dolores River Valley
61 McPhee Reservoir site
62 Hermosa Park Reservoir site north of Durango, Colo.
63 Lemon Reservoir site northeast of Durango, Colo.
64 Virgin City Dam site. Towers of Zion National Park form background
65 Horseshoe Reservoir site in Verde Valley, Ariz.
66 The Grand Canyon from Grandview Point
67 Burnt Springs Canyon from Twin Point
68 Looking toward Whitmore Wash and Pine Mountains from Shivwits Plateau
69 Bridge Canyon and Gneiss Canyon
70 The Grand Canyon above Bridge Canyon
71 Havasu Falls
72 View across the inner gorge of the Colorado River from Bridge Canyon
73 Where United States Highway 89 crosses Marble Gorge—Paria Plateau in the back ground
74 Mount Dellenbaugh from the rim of Green Springs Canyon, Shivwits Plateau
75 Peach Springs Draw
76 The Colorado River
77 Monument Valley .
78 Junction of Green and Colorado Rivers
79 Colorado River from Deadhorse Point
80 Shafer Canyon from Deadhorse Point
81 View southeast from Upheaval Dome
82 View south from Upheaval Dome
83 View southwest from Upheaval Dome
84 Monument Canyon and Indian Creek country east of Colorado River from Junction Butte point
85 White rim sandstone caps the dark red towers of Monument Canyon
86 Junction Butte from the rim of Green River Canyon near the junction of the Green and Colorado Rivers
87 Junction Butte and Grays Pasture Plateau from south of the Needles
88 Dark Canyon—looking east over Elk Ridge to the Abajo Mountains
89 Arch Canyon looking northwest over Elk Ridge
90 White Canyon, Tables of the Sun, and Navajo Mountain from vicinity of Natural Bridges National Monument
91 Beef Basin
92 Needles labyrinth, with La Sal Mountains in the distance
93 The Needles area—looking northeast over Indian Creek Valley
94 The Needles area from the air
95 Formations in the Needles area
96 Land of Standing Rocks
97 Southeastern end of the Kaiparowits bench and Navajo Mountain from near Sody tank
98 Colorado River and Navajo Mountain from the southeastern end of the Kaiparowits bench
99 Hole in Rock
100 View across Colorado River from left side of Hole in Rock
101 The Colorado River Canyon at Hole in Rock
102 The Crossing of the Fathers
103 The Escalante River Canyon in Hole in Rock area
104 Arch in Willow Creek Canyon in Hole in Rock area
105 Arch in Coyote Canyon in Hole in Rock area
106 The Henry Mountains from the road between Hanksville and Hite, Utah
107 Mouth of Trachyte Canyon
108 Trachyte Canyon
109 Arch Canyon from Elk Ridge
110 Dinosaur Quarry Dinosaur National Monument
111 Green River Canyon from Harpers Corner in Dinosaur National Monument
112 Steamboat Rock, Echo Park, and the Green River
113 Whirlpool Canyon. Echo Park Dam site is in the narrow inner gorge
114 Meanders of Yampa River near its junction with the Green River
115 Yampa River Canyon
116 Split Mountain from the banks of the Green River
117 View of Silverton, Colo., from United States Highway 550
118 Mirror Lake Basin just west of the high Uinta Primitive Area
119 Signs, pole lines, and wide right-of-way clearing detract from the enjoyment of the natural scene
credit for illustrations goes to the following individuals, as indicated: Grant, Figures 1, 2, 4, 7, 11, 13, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26, 27, 33, 50, 59, 64, 66, 73, 76, 78, 79, 85, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 96, 102, 103, 108, 109, 114, and 115; Belknap, 8, 17, 67, and 68; Dodge, 5 and 14; Humberger, 110 and 116; Olcott, 57 and 71; Haury, 34; Kolb, 24; Kearney, 65; Standley, 113; Sumner, 56; and Young, 55.
PLATES
(omitted from the online edition)
1 Location and extent of basin2 Routes of air surveys and other travel
3 Geological provinces
4 Dewey Reservoir site
5 Grand Canyon region
6 Bridge Canyon Project area
7 Land status of Canyon Lands of Utah
8 Distribution of population in the Canyon Lands of Utah
9 Suggested plan for recreational use of Canyon Lands of Utah
10 Colorado-Green River area, Canyon Lands of Utah
11 Dinosaur National Monument
12 Life zones
13 Geological sections
14 Archeological cultures
15 Reservoir sites
16 Existing public recreational areas
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Last Modified: Mon, Sep 6 2004 10:00:00 pm PDT
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