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Chapter One,
"National Parks Are Where You Find Them:" The Origins of Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore
Chapter Two,
"We're Going For The Right Thing:" The Legislative Struggle to Create Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore, 1971- 1977
Chapter Three,
Changes on the Land: The Early Management of Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore, 1977-1983
Chapter Four
Plans, Programs and Controversy: The Reassessment of Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore, 1977-1983
Chapter Five,
"A Local and National Treasure:" Managing the Sleeping Bear Dunes Park, 1984- 1995
Conclusion,
Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore At Twenty-Five
Appendix One,
Budgetary Progress of Sleeping Bear Dunes N.L.
Appendix Two,
Selected Past and Present Employees of Sleeping Bear N.L.
Appendix Three,
Selected Visitation Statistics
Appendix Four,
Public Law 91-479
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A Nationalized Lakeshore: The Creation and Administration of Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore Chapter 3 Notes |
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Chapter 3 Notes
[1] Benzie County Patriot, March 16, 1971.
[2] Grand Rapids Press, September 5, 1971.
[3] Julius Martinek, Oral History Interview, March 1, 1998; Benzie County Patriot, May 6, 1971.
[4] Julius Martinek, Oral History Interview, March 1, 1998, Leelanau Enterprise-Tribune, March 9, 1972.
[5] Ibid; Benzie County Patriot, July 15, 1971.
[6]John F. Pattie, Oral History Interview, November 2, 1998; Leelanau Enterprise-Tribune, August 5, 1971.
[7] Ibid; John F. Pattie, Personal Communication, November 5, 1991; Kathleen Stocking, Letters From The Leelanau: Essays of People and Place (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1990) 102-5
[8] Minutes of the Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore Advisory Commission, July 24, 1972, SBDNL Records.
[9] Benzie County Patriot, August 26, 1971; Chester L. Brooks to Julius Martinek, January 18, 1973, SBDNL Records.
[10] Grand Rapids Press, September 5, 1971; J.A. Martinek to Congressman William S. Broomfield, November 11, 1972, “Pinks” Files, SLBD Records.
[11] J.A. Martinek to Pam Dow, January 18, 1974, “Pinks”Files, SLBD Records.
[12] J.A. Martinek to J.E. Williamson, May 10, 1973, “Pinks” Files, SLBD Records; Julius Martinek, Oral History Interview, March 1, 1998; Hugh Beattie, Oral History Interview, September 28, 1994; John F. Pattie, Oral History Interview, November 2, 1998.
[13] Minutes of the Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore Advisory Commission Meeting, April 21, 1972; Philip A. Hart to Rogers B. Morton, May 30, 1972, 92nd Congress File, SLBD Records; Benzie County Patriot, January 27, 1972.
[14] J.A. Martinek to Senator Philip Hart, April 12, 1973, “Pinks” Files, SLBD Records; Leelanau County Enterprise-Tribune, April 13, 1972, February 1, 1973.
[15] Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore Clipping File 1970-1973, undated newspaper clipping, c.1975; Jack Pattie, Oral History Interview, November 2, 1998.
[16] J.A. Martinek to Regional Director, Midwest Region, July 10, 1974, “Pinks” Files, SLBD Records.
[17] Eugene Parisho to Deputy Director, December 18, 1973, Project Correspondence File, SLBD Records; Record-Eagle (Traverse City), October 30, 1973.
[18] Minutes of the Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore Advisory Commission, October 24, 1975; Leelanau Enterprise, November 21, 1974; Detroit Free Press March 31, 1975; Traverse City Record-Eagle September 21, 1971, October 7, 1974, February 7, 1975, April 17, 1975.
[19] Dean C. Einwalter to Superintendent, May 10, 1973; J.A. Martinek to Director, Northeast Region, May 2, 1973, “Pinks” Files, SLBD Records.
[20] Minutes of the Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore Advisory Commission, October 24, 1975, SLBD Records; Leelanau Enterprise, October 21, 1976; Detroit Free Press, March 31, 1975; J.A. Martinek to John F. Toepp, Michigan Senate, December 26, 1973, “Pinks” Files, SLBD Records; Kathleen Stocking, Letters from Leelanau (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1990), 164.
[21] State Journal (Lansing), November 20, 1974; Benzie County Patriot, December 11, 1974; Record-Eagle (Traverse City), February 20, 1975, March 21, 1975.
[22] Miami Herald, June 1, 1976.
[23] Ibid; Benzie County Ad-Visor, September 15, 1976; Record-Eagle (Traverse City), September 28, 1976.
[24] Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore Clipping File, 1977, undated Detroit News article, SLBD; Record-Eagle (Traverse City), September 10, 1977; Rita Hadra Rusco, North Manitou Island: Between Sunrise and Sunset (n.p.: Bookcrafters, 1991), 140-145.
[25] Elizabeth Edwards, “The Battle for the Bear: An Update,” The Small-Towner (April, 1986), 42-43.
[26] Detroit Free Press, December 12, 1995.
[27] Elizabeth T. Edwards, “Port Oneida: A Community Slips Away,” Traverse, the Magazine (March, 1990), 22.
[28] Ibid.
[29] Julius Martinek, Oral History Interview, March 1, 1998; Benzie County Patriot, December 9, 1971; Minutes of the Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore Advisory Commission, April 2, 1972.
[30] Julius Martinek to Director, Northeast Region, June 27, 1972, “Pinks” Files, SLBD Records; Julius Martinek, Oral History Interview, March 1, 1998.
[31] Minutes of the Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore Advisory Commission, June 17, 1971.
[32] Ibid; John D. Spencer to J.H. Martinek, September 25, 1972, “Pinks” files, SLBD Records.
[33] Julius Martinek, Oral History Interview, March 1, 1998; Charles Parkinson, Oral History Interview, March 2, 1998.
[34] Minutes of the Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore Advisory Commission, October 27, 1972.
[35] Charles Parkinson, Oral History Interview, March 2, 1998; Leelanau Enterprise-Tribune, August 8, 1974.
[36] Charles Parkinson, March 2, 1998; Superintendent’s Annual Report, 1974, SLBD Records.
[37] Ibid; Record-Eagle (Traverse City), July 2, 1973;William Herd, Oral History Interview, August13, 1998.
[38] Superintendent’s Annual Report, 1973, 1974, SLBD Records.
[39] Detroit Free Press, August 10, 1981.
[40] J.A. Martinek to Mr. Johnson, Interagency Motor Pool, March 3, 1972, “Pinks” Files, SLBD Records; Charles Parkinson, Oral History Interview, March 2, 1998; Julius Martinek, Oral History Interview, March 1, 1998; Jack Pattie, Oral History Interview, November 3, 1998.
[41] Superintendent’s Annual Report, 1974, SLBD Records; Leelanau Enterprise-Tribune, December 26, 1974; Record-Eagle (Traverse City), July 2, 1977.
[42] J.A. Martinek to George B. Tiedeman, February 20, 1974; J.A. Martinek to Acting Regional Director, Midwest Region, April 22, 1974; Dean Einwalter to Superintendent Martinek, March 15, 1976, “Pinks” Files, SLBD Records.
[43] Superintendent’s Annual Report, 1975, SLBD Records; Leelanau Enterprise-Tribune, July 3, 1975.
[44] Rusco, North Manitou Island,144-5; Theodore J. Karamanski, The Pictured Rocks: An Administrative History of Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore (Omaha, Nebraska: National Park Service, Midwest Region, 1995), 73-5; Max Holden, Oral History Interview, August 12, 1998.
[45] Record-Eagle (Traverse City), January 31, 1973, April 18, 1973, July 18, 1973.
[46] Leelanau Enterprise-Tribune, July 6, 1967; Robert Doherty, Disputed Waters: Native Americans and the Great Lakes Fishery (Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 1990), 61-2; Bogue, Around the Shores of Lake Michigan, 310-11.
[47] Record-Eagle (Traverse City), July 24, 1971; Minutes of the Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore Advisory Commission, June 17, 1971, SLBD Records.
[48] E. Genevieve Gillette, Oral History Interview, Tape 22-24A, Gillette Papers; Julius Martinek, Oral History Interview, March 1, 1998.
[49] Daniel Weber to Carl Johnson, January 2, 1972, Minutes of the Sleeping Bear National Lakeshore Advisory Commission, January 18, 1972 and June 17, 1971, SLBD Records.
[50] Minutes of the Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore Advisory Commission, October 27, 1972; J.A. Martinek to Director, Northeast Region, August 30, 1972; National Park Service Policy Statement Relative to the Proposed Platte River Harbor of Refuge Development, January 21, 1974, “Pinks” Files, SLBD Records.
[51]Minutes of the Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore Advisory Commission, October 27, 1972.
[52] Leelanau Enterprise-Tribune, October 4, 1973
[53] J.A. Martinek to Director of the Northeast Region, August 30, 1972, “Pinks” Files, SLBD Records.
[54] Richard West Sellers, Preserving Nature in the National Parks: A History (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997), 192-5.
[55] National Park Service, A Master Plan For Proposed Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore (Philadelphia: Northeast Regional Office, National Park Service, 1968), 37-8; E. Genevieve Gillette, Oral History Interview, Gillette Papers, Tape 24, B-11; J.A. Martinek to B.A. Honor, November 18, 1976, “Pinks” Files, SLBD Records.
[56] J.A. Martinek to Director, Northeast Region, December 7, 1972, “Pinks” Files, SLBD Records; National Park Service, Wilderness Recommendations: Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore, Michigan (Denver: National Park Service, 1974), n.p.
[57] Ibid.
[58] Minutes of the Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore Advisory Commission, July 19, 1974; Record-Eagle (Traverse City), August 10, 1974.
[59]Ibid; Leelanau Enterprise-Tribune, August 8, 1974; Wilderness Recommendation: Sleeping Bear Dunes, n.p.
[60] Congressman Guy Vander Jagt to Noble Travis, April 16, 1976, “Pinks” Files, SLBD Records; A Master Plan For Sleeping Bear Dunes, Proposed National Lakeshore, 37; Record-Eagle (Traverse City), August 10, 1974.
[61] Record-Eagle (Traverse City), September 21, 1974; Leelanau Enterprise-Tribune, September 26, 1974.
[62]“U.S. to Begin Flagging for Scenic Road,” undated newspaper clipping, Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore clipping file, c.1973; Minutes of the Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore Advisory Commission, July 19, 1974, SLBD Records.
[63] Richard Miller, et al, Environmental and Economic Impact of the Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore (Chicago: Wilbur Smith & Associates, 1974); J.A. Martinek to Regional Director, Mid-Atlantic Region, January 21, 1974, “Pinks” Files, SLBD Records.
[64] J.A. Martinek to Pam Dow, January 18, 1974, “Pinks” Files, SLBD Records; Karamanski, The Pictured Rocks, 66-8; Leelanau Enterprise-Tribune, October 21, 1976.
[65] Superintendent’s Annual Report For 1975: Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore, SLBD Records; Leelanau Enterprise-Tribune, May 12, 19, 1977.
[66] J.A. Martinek to Regional Director, Midwest Region, August 1, 1975 and February 19, 1976, “Pinks” Files, SLBD Records.
[67] Minutes of Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore Staff Meeting, January 28, 1976, “Pinks” Files, SLBD Records; Superintendent’s Annual Report, 1979, Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore, SLBD Records.
[68] Minutes of the Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore Advisory Commission, October 24, 1975, SLBD Records; William Herd, personal communication, November 29, 1999; Record-Eagle (Traverse City), June 4, 1977.
[69] Charles Parkinson, Oral History Interview, March 2, 1998; Superintendent’s Annual Report, 1976, Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore, SLBD Records; Julius Martinek, Oral History Interview, March 1, 1998.
[70] Minutes of the Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore Advisory Commission, March 9, 1971, SLBD Records.
[71] John B. Daugherty to Guy Vander Jagt, April 30, 1974, Minutes of the Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore Advisory Commission, April 26, 1974, SLBD Records; Leelanau Enterprise-Tribune, May 19, 1977.
[72] Minutes of the Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore Advisory Commission, October 24, 1975, SLBD Records.
[73] Superintendent’s Annual Report, 1976, Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore, SLBD Records.
[74] Leelanau Enterprise Tribune, May 5, 1977; Charles Parkinson, Oral History Interview, March 2, 1998.
[75] Julius Martinek, Oral History Interview, March 1, 1998; J.A. Martinek to Purchasing Agent, City of Dearborn, October 17, 1973, “Pinks” Files, SLBD Records; Charles Parkinson, March 2, 1998; Peter LaValley, Oral History Interview, August 14, 1998; Raymond Kimpel, Oral History Interview, February 26, 1999.
[76] Ibid; John Kawamoto, Personal Communication, March 9, 1999.
[77] Record-Eagle (Traverse City), October 24, 1977.
[78] Ibid.
[79] Ibid; Julius A. Martinek, Oral History Interview, March 1, 1998.
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