SALINAS "In the Midst of a Loneliness": The Architectural History of the Salinas Missions

ARCHIVAL COLLECTIONS

Archdiocese Archives of Santa Fe. Microfilms, Special Collections, Zimmerman Library, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque.

Archivo General de Indias. Contaduría. Photostats, Special Collections, Zimmerman Library, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque.

Archivo General de Indias. Guadalajara. Photostats, Special Collections, Zimmerman Library, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque.

Archivo General y Publico, Mexico. Inquisicion. France V. Scholes typescripts, Special Collection, Zimmerman Library, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque.

Biblioteca Nacional de Mexico. Photostats, Special Collections, Zimmerman Library, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque.

Catron Papers. Special Collections, Zimmerman Library, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque.

Surveyor General Microfilms. New Mexico State Records Center and Archives, Santa Fe.

Microfilm Collections. Old Spanish Missions Historical Research Library, Our Lady of the Lake University, San Antonio.

Torrance County Records. Torrance County Courthous, Estancia, New Mexico.

MANUSCRIPTS

Adkins, Lynn. "Jesse L. Nusbaum: A Transitional Period Archeological Photographer in the Maya Region of Guatemala, Honduras, and Mexico," 1985. Thesis, University of New Mexico.

Anonymous. "Stabilization Notes: Quarai/95," Volume 1, "Feature Notes 1-34," New Mexico State Monuments, Museum of New Mexico, 1978. Manuscript in the files of the Laboratory of Anthropology, Museum of New Mexico, Santa Fe.

-----. "Stabilization Record 6-1-76 to 12-1-76." In "Early Stabilization Records," folder in the files of Salinas National Monument.

Baker, Ele, and Jewel Baker. "Quarai-Mission Excavated Mar. 20, '36. Ele and Jewel Baker." Map Files, Quarai, LA 95, File 4, Drawer 2. Laboratory of Anthropology, Museum of New Mexico, Santa Fe.

-----. "Report of Stratification Tests, Quarai," 1936. Quarai, LA 95. Manuscript in the files of the Laboratory of Anthropology, Museum of New Mexico, Santa Fe.

Baldwin, Stuart J. "Preliminary report on 1982 Excavations at the Pueblo of Abó." Manuscript in the files of Salinas National Monument.

Bannister, Bryant, to Albert Schroeder, Tucson, Arizona, June 26, 1963. In Section H2215, "Beam File," in the files of Salinas National Monument.

Boundey, George L. "Monthly Report of Educational Activities in National Parks and Monuments," Gran Quivira National Monument, June, 1938. Manuscript in bound volume, "Gran Quivira and the Salinas Group: Various Authors," Salinas National Monument.

----- to Channing T. Howell, April 14, 1958. In "Gran Quivira and the Salinas Group: Various Authors," bound volume in the files of Salinas National Monument.

Carleton, James H. "Map of a Military Reconnaissance made by Brevet Major James Henry Carleton to the Ruins of Abó, Quarrá, and Gran Quivira, New Mexico, in December, 1853." National Archives, Record Group 77, Civil Works Map file, W25-2).

Chatham, J. W. "Diary." Copy in the files of Salinas National Monument.

Crozier, W. D., to Richard Howard, March 22, 1959. In "Gran Quivira and the Salinas Group: Various Authors," bound volume in the files of Salinas National Monument.

Ely, Albert G. "The Excavation and Repair of the Quarai Mission," 1935. Thesis, University of New Mexico.

Fulfer, C. H. "Ruins Stabilization Report, 1978." Manuscript in the files of Salinas National Monument.

Ghent, Ray. "Report of Excavations at Abó, May 15th to 22 inc, Ray Ghent--Supervisor," May 22, 1958. Abó, LA 97. Manuscript in the files of the Laboratory of Anthropology, Museum of New Mexico, Santa Fe.

Chavez, Adelicio S. (Sam). "1982 Stabilization Report, Abó." Manuscript in the files of Salinas National Monument.

-----. "1983 Stabilization Report, Abó." Manuscript in the files of Salinas National Monument.

-----. "1984 Stabilization Report, Abó." Manuscript in the files of Salinas National Monument.

-----. "1983 Stabilization Report, Quarai." Manuscript in the files of Salinas National Monument.

-----. "1984 Stabilization Report Quarai." Manuscript in the files of Salinas National Monument.

-----. "1985 Stabilization Report, Quarai." Manuscript in the files of Salinas National Monument.

-----. "1986 Stabilization Report, Quarai." Manuscript in the files of Salinas National Monument.

-----. "1987 Stabilization Report, Quarai." Manuscript in the files of Salinas National Monument.

-----. "1980 Stabilization Report, Gran Quivira." Manuscript in the files of Salinas National Monument.

-----. "1981 Stabilization Report, Gran Quivira." Manuscript in the files of Salinas National Monument.

Fetter, R. E. "Gran Quivira National Monument, Plan, Elevations, & Cross Sections of Mission Ruins," NM/GQ-4940, September, 1933, Office of the Chief of Engineers, San Francisco, National Park Service, Department of the Interior. Copy in the files of Salinas National Monument.

-----. "Gran Quivira National Monument, Topographic Sheet, Headquarters Area," 1932, Office of the Chief of Engineers, San Francisco, National Park Service, Department of the Interior. Copy in the files of Salinas National Monument.

Gordon, Garland J. "Report on the Excavation of a Sacrarium in San Isidro Church, Gran Quivira National Monument, Gran Quivira, New Mexico, March 12, 1962." Manuscript in the files of Salinas National Monument.

Hayes, Alden C., to James Ivey, February 8, 1987. Manuscript in the files of the Southwest Regional Office, National Park Service, Santa Fe.

Hewett, Edgar L. "Quarai, Excavation of Mound, August 29, 1913." Map Files, Quarai, LA 95, File 4, Drawer 2. Laboratory of Anthropology, Museum of New Mexico, Santa Fe.

Howard, Richard, Gran Quivira National Monument, to Regional Director, "Location of Spanish Mission Site of Tabirá," March 11, 1959. In "Gran Quivira and the Salinas Group: Various Authors," bound volume in the files of Salinas National Monument.

Howell, Channing T. "History of Gran Quivira National Monument," 1956. Manuscript in the files of Salinas National Monument.

----- to George L. Boundey, March 5, 1958. Manuscript at Salinas National Monument, "Gran Quivira and the Salinas Group: Various Authors," bound volume in the files of Salinas National Monument.

Hunter, William W. "Journal." David Robrock transcripts, pp. 66-67, Special Collections, the University of Arizona Library, Tucson.

Hurt, Wesley R., Jr. "Monthly Reports." In the files of the Laboratory of Anthropology, Museum of New Mexico, Santa Fe.

-----. "Manzano: A Study of Community Disorganization," 1941. Thesis, University of New Mexico.

-----. "The 1939-1940 Excavation Project at Quarai Pueblo and Mission Buildings," 1985. Manuscript in the files of Salinas National Monument.

----- to Reginald Fisher, July 26, 1939. Quarai, LA 95. Manuscript in the files of the Laboratory of Anthropology, Museum of New Mexico, Santa Fe.

Ivey, James E. "The Scholes Manuscript: Another Look at the Dating of An Important 17th-Century Document," 1988. Manuscript in the files of the Southwest Regional Office, National Park Service, Santa Fe.

-----. "Apaches and Famine: Indian Depredations and Food Shortages in the Province of New Mexico, 1667-1672," 1987. Manuscript in the files of the Southwest Regional Office, National Park Service, Santa Fe.

-----. "The Plan of the Church was Radically Altered: An Hypothetical History of the Construction of San José de Tumacacori," 1988. Manuscript in the files of Tumacacori National Monument, Arizona.

Ivey, James E. and Judith Miles. "Field Notes of the Excavations in San Gregorio de Abo, March 20-30, 1987." Manuscript in the files of the Southwest Regional Office, National Park Service, Santa Fe.

Mauzy, Wayne L. to Joseph A. Black, June 7, 1963. In the files of the Laboratory of Anthropology, Museum of New Mexico, Santa Fe.

McCullough, George T., U.S. Deputy Surveyor, September 1872. In "Selected Nineteenth Century References," looseleaf notebook in the files of Salinas National Monument.

Pinkley, Frank, to Stephen Mather, August 1, 1923. Copy in the files of Salinas National Monument.

Richert, Roland, to Calvin Cummings, "1973-77 F. Y. Maintenance Stabilization Estimates," April 19, 1971. In "Management-Preservation-Maintenance of Gran Quivira Structures," folder in the files of Salinas National Monument.

Rieder, Morgan. "San Buenaventura, 8/3/86 & 8/15/86." Drawings in the files of Salinas National Monument.

Senter, Donovan. "Church Excavation." Quarai, LA 95. Files of the Laboratory of Anthropology, Museum of New Mexico, Santa Fe.

-----. "Excavation Record, Mortuary, Quarai, 1934," Burials #1-#5. Quarai, LA 95. Files of the Laboratory of Anthropology, Museum of New Mexico, Santa Fe.

Stewart, Ronald L. "Quarai State Monument Development Project, Phase I Completion Report," October 30, 1972. Manuscript in the files of the Laboratory of Anthropology, Museum of New Mexico, Santa Fe.

Steen, Charles R. "Stabilization Plan," 1973. Manuscript in the files of the Laboratory of Anthropology, Museum of New Mexico, Santa Fe.

Stoner, Victor R. "Identification of rooms and features in San Isidro and San Buenaventura," floor plans and note on letter, December 2, 1952. File H22, Research-Gran Quivira, Salinas National Monument.

Squires, Ida Belle. "Field Work, Summer of 1923: Houses of Tabirá," in "Hewitt Excavations, 1923-1925," bound volume in files of Salinas National Monument, New Mexico.

-----. "Plat of House Ruins, Gran Quivira National Monument, New Mexico," School of American Research, 1923. Copy in the files of Salinas National Monument.

Thompson, Theodore R., to Robert R. Garvey, Executive Secretary of the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation, September 27, 1977. Manuscript in section H22 of the files of Salinas National Monument.

Toulouse, Joseph H., Jr. "Excavation Records," 1938 and 1939 seasons, LA97 (Abó), Files of the Laboratory of Anthropology, Museum of New Mexico, Santa Fe.

-----. "The Standard Daily Reminder, 1938," personal daily journal kept by Toulouse during 1938. Copy of manuscript on file at Salinas National Monument, New Mexico.

-----. "Historical Notes on Gran Quivira," January 31, 1939. Manuscript in bound volume, "Gran Quivira and Salinas Group: Various Authors," in the files of Salinas National Monument.

-----. "Stabilization of Gran Quivira, Fiscal Year, 1940." Manuscript in the files of Salinas National Monument.

----- to Hugh Miller, Gran Quivira National Monument, December 6, 1940. In section H2223 of the files of Salinas National Monument.

-----. "Stabilization Report for 1923," report prepared in 1941. Bound volume in the files of Salinas National Monument.

-----. "Storm Damage: September, 1941." In bound volume, "Gran Quivira Stabilization Records, 1933-1964," in the files of Salinas National Monument.

-----. "Stabilization: Gran Quivira National Monument, 1942." Bound volume in the files of Salinas National Monument.

Trott, Jim. "The Ruins Inspection of the Quarai Unit of Salinas National Monument, 1983," manuscript in the files of Salinas National Monument.

-----. "The Annual Inspection of the Abo Unit of Salinas National Monument, March, 1984," (manuscript at Salinas National Monument), p. 2.

Valder, Tim. "Field Records of the Stabilization of Quarai, 1972." In the files of the Laboratory of Anthropology, Museum of New Mexico, Santa Fe.

Valder, Linda. "Field Journal, LA 95, Quarai Stabilization, 1972." In the files of the Laboratory of Anthropology, Museum of New Mexico, Santa Fe.

Vivian, Gordon. "House A, Gran Quivira National Monument, 1951." Bound volume in the files of Salinas National Monument.

-----. "San Buenaventura Mission, Gran Quivira National Monument, Stabilization Records," November, 1948 and March, April, 1951. Bound volume "Stabilization San Buenaventura Church & Convent," in the files of Salinas National Monument.

-----. 1956. In "Gran Quivira Stabilization Record, 1933-1964," bound volume in the files of Salinas National Monument.

Voll, Charles B., and Roland Richert. "Archeological Tests In San Buenaventura de los Jumanos, Gran Quivira National Monument, New Mexico," 1962. Manuscript in the Southwest Regional Office, National Park Service, Santa Fe.

-----. "Gran Quivira National Monument, Stabilization Records," April-July, 1962, bound volume in the files of Salinas National Monument.

Wells, Vernie L. "Stabilization Summary Report, Summer 1979." Manuscript in the files of Salinas National Monument.

Wilson, John P. Letter to David Brugge, June 12, 1985. In the personal files of David Brugge, Regional Curator. Southwest Regional Office, National Park Service, Santa Fe.

PUBLIC DOCUMENTS

Historic American Buildings Survey 36-NM-5 (April, 1934), sheet 27.

National Park Service. Salinas National Monument: a Proposal. Santa Fe: United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Southwest Regional Office, 1964.

-----. Draft Master Plan, Gran Quivira National Monument. Santa Fe: United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Southwest Regional Office, 1973.

-----. Proposal/Assessment General Management Plan, Proposed Salinas National Monument, New Mexico. Santa Fe: United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Southwest Regional Office, 1978.

-----. Summary Plan, Salinas National Monument, New Mexico. Santa Fe: United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Southwest Regional Office, 1981.

-----. Resources Management Plan and Environmental Assessment for Salinas National Monument. Santa Fe: United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Southwest Regional Office, 1982.

-----. Salinas National Monument, New Mexico: Statement for Management. Santa Fe: United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Southwest Regional Office, 1983.

-----. General Management Plan/Development Concept Plan, Salinas National Monument, New Mexico. Santa Fe: United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Southwest Regional Office, 1984.

PUBLISHED PRIMARY DOCUMENTS

Abert, James W. Western America in 1846-1847; The Original Travel Diary of Lieutenant J. W. Abert, who mapped New Mexico for the United States Army, with Illustrations in Color from his Sketchbook. John Galvin, ed. San Francisco: John Howell Books, 1961.

-----. Abert's New Mexico Report, 1846-'47. ed. William A. Keleher. Albuquerque: Horn and Wallace, 1962.

Adams, Eleanor B. and Fray Angelico Chavez, trans. The Missions of New Mexico, 1776: A Description by Fray Francisco Atanasio Dominguez, With Other Contemporary Documents. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1956.

Ayer, Mrs. Edward E., trans. The Memorial of Fray Alonso de Benavides, 1630. Chicago: Edward E. Ayer, 1916.

Bandelier, Adolph F. The Southwestern Journals of Adolph F. Bandelier, 1880-1882. Eds. Charles H. Lang and Carroll L. Riley. Albuquerque: The University of New Mexico Press, 1966.

-----. The Southwestern Journals of Adolph F. Bandelier, 1883-1884. Ed. Charles H. Lang et al. Albuquerque: The University of New Mexico Press, 1970.

-----. The Southwestern Journals of Adolph F. Bandelier, 1885-1888. Ed. Charles H. Lange, Carroll L. Riley and Elizabeth M. Lange. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1975.

Bringas de Manzaneda y Encinas, Diego Miguel. Friar Bringas Reports to the King. Daniel S. Matson and Bernard L. Fontana, ed. and trans. Tucson: The University of Arizona Press, 1977.

Carleton, James H. "Diary of an excursion to the ruins of Abo, Quarra, and Gran Quivira, in New Mexico, under the command of Major James Henry Carleton, U.S.A." In Ninth Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. Washington, D.C.: Beverley Tucker, Senate Printer, 1855.

Gregg, Josiah. Commerce of the Prairies. Max Moorhead, ed. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1954.

Hackett, Charles W., ed. and trans. Historical Documents Relating to New Mexico, Nueva Vizcaya, and Approaches Thereto, to 1773. Collected by Adolph F. A. Bandelier and Fanny R. Bandelier. English translations edited with introduction and annotations by Charles Wilson Hackett. Vol. 3. Washington, D. C., Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1937.

Hammond, George P., and Agapito Rey. Don Juan de Oñate, Colonizer of New Mexico, 1595-1628. Coronado Historical Series, vol. 5. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1953.

Hodge, Frederick W., George P. Hammond, and Agapito Rey, ed. Fray Alonso de Benavides' Revised Memorial of 1634. Albuquerque: The University of New Mexico Press, 1945.

Leutenegger, Benedict, trans. The Zacatecan Missionaries in Texas, 1716-1834: Excerpts from the Libros de los Decretos of the Missionary College of Zacatecas, 1707-1828. Office of the State Archeologist Reports, No. 23. Austin: Texas Historical Commission, 1973.

Morrison, Charles C. "Appendix F, Executive and Descriptive Report of Lieutenant Charles C. Morrison, Sixth Cavalry, on the Operations of Party No. 2, Colorado Section, Field Season of 1877." In Lieutenant George M. Wheeler, Annual Report upon the Geographical Surveys of the Territories of the United States West of the 100th Meridian, in the States and Territories of California, Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, Nevada, Oregon, Texas, Arizona, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. Appendix NN of the Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers for 1878. Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1878.

Scholes, France V. and Eleanor B. Adams. "Inventories of Church Furnishings in Some of the New Mexico Missions, 1672." In Dargan Historical Essays. University of New Mexico Publications in History, No. 4. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1952.

Schuetz, Mardith. The History and Archeology of Mission San Juan Capistrano, San Antonio, Texas; Volume I: Historical Documentation and Description of the Structures. Archeological Program Report no. 10. Austin: Texas State Building Commission, 1968.

Twitchell, Robert E. The Leading Facts of New Mexican History, Vol. 1. Albuquerque: Horn and Wallace, 1963.

Thomas, Alfred B. The Plains Indians and New Mexico, 1751-1778: A Collection of Documents Illustrative of the History of the Eastern Frontier of New Mexico. Albuquerque: The University of New Mexico Press, 1940.

SECONDARY SOURCES

Agar, Luis de. Diccionario Ilustrado de los pertrechos de guerra y demas efectos pertenecientes al material de Artilleria. Madrid: 1853-66.

Bandelier, Adolph F. Final Report of Investigations Among the Indians of the Southwestern United States, Carried On Mainly in the Years From 1880 to 1885, Part II. Papers of the Archaeological Institute of America, American Series, Vol. 4. Cambridge, Mass.: John Wilson and Sons, 1892.

-----. A History of the Southwest: A Study of the Civilization and Conversion of the Indians in Southwestern United States and Northwestern Mexico from the Earliest Times to 1700. Vol. I, A Catalogue of the Bandelier Collection in the Vatican Library, ed. Ernest J. Burrus, S. J. Rome: Jesuit Historical Institute, 1969.

Barnes, Thomas C., Thomas H. Naylor and Charles W. Polzer. Northern New Spain: A Research Guide. Tucson: The University of Arizona Press, 1981.

Boyd, E. Popular Arts of Spanish New Mexico. Santa Fe: Museum of New Mexico, 1974.

Brew, J. O. "The Excavation of Franciscan Awatovi." In Ross Gordon Montgomery, Watson Smith, and John Otis Brew, Franciscan Awatovi: The Excavation and Conjectural Reconstruction of a 17th-Century Spanish Mission Established at a Hopi Indian Town in Northeastern Arizona. Reports of the Awatovi Expedition, Report No. 3, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University, Vol. 36. Cambridge, Mass.: Peabody Museum, 1949.

Bunting, Bainbridge. Early Architecture in New Mexico. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1976.

Carver, Norman F., Jr. Iberian Villages, Portugal and Spain Kalamazoo, Michigan: Documan Press, Ltd., 1981.

Chavez, Fray Angélico. Origins of New Mexico Families in the Spanish Colonial Period. Albuquerque: University of Albuquerque, 1973.

Davis, Harmer E., George Earl Troxell, and Clement T. Wiskocil. The Testing and Inspection of Engineering Materials. Third edition. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1964.

Koch, Joan K. "Mortuary Behavior Patterning and Physical Anthropology in Colonial St. Augustine," pp. 187-218. In Kathleen Deagan, et al., Spanish St. Augustine: The Archeology of a Colonial Creole Community. New York: Academic Press, 1983.

Delaney, John J. Dictionary of the Saints. Garden City, N. Y.: Doubleday and Company, Inc., 1980.

Dutton, Bertha P. "Excavation Tests at the Pueblo Ruins of Abó." In Collected Papers in Honor of Erik Kellerman Reed. Papers of the Archaeological Society of New Mexico, No. 6. Albuquerque: Albuquerque Archaeological Society Press, 1981.

-----. "Excavation Tests at the Pueblo Ruins of Abó, Part II." In Prehistory and History in the Southwest. Papers of the Archaeological Society of New Mexico, No. 11. Santa Fe: Ancient City Press, 1985.

Eggenhofer, Nick. Wagons, Mules and Men: How the Frontier Moved West. New York: Hastings House Publishers, 1961.

Forbes, Jack D. Apache, Navaho and Spaniard. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1960.

Gillespie, W. M. A Treatise on Land-Surveying: Comprising the Theory Developed from Five Elementary Principles; and the Practice with the Chain Alone, the Compass, the Transit, the Theodolite, the Plane Table, etc. New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1883.

Gingerich, Owen and Barbara L. Welther. Planetary, Lunar, and Solar Positions, New and Full Moons, A.D. 1650-1805. Memoirs, Vol. 59S. Philadelphia: The American Philosophical Society, 1983.

Goggin, John M. Spanish Majolica in the New World: Types of the Sixteenth to Eighteenth Centuries. Yale University Publications in Anthropology, No. 72. New Haven: Department of Anthropology, Yale University, 1968.

Griffin, William B. Indian Assimilation in the Franciscan Area of Nueva Vizcaya. Anthropological Papers of the University of Arizona, No. 33. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1979.

Guidoni, Enrico. Primitive Architecture. Robert Erich Wolf, trans. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc, 1978.

Guye, Samuel and Henri Michel. Time and Space: Measuring Instruments from the 15th to the 19th Century. New York: Praeger Publishers, 1971.

Hale, Kenneth and David Harris. "Historical Linguistics and Archeology." In Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 9. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, 1979.

Hayes, Alden C. The Four Churches of Pecos. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1974.

Hayes, Alden C., ed. Contributions to Gran Quivira Archeology. Publications in Archeology 17. Washington, D.C.: National Park Service, 1981.

Hayes, Alden C., Jon Nathan Young, and A. H. Warren. Excavation of Mound 7, Gran Quivira National Mounument, New Mexico. Publications in Archeology no. 16. Washington, D.C.: National Park Service, 1981.

Hodge, Frederick W. History of Hawikuh, New Mexico. Los Angeles: The Southwest Museum, 1937.

Noël Hume, Ivor. Martin's Hundred: The Discovery of a Lost Colonial Virginia Settlement. New York: Dell Publishing Company, 1983.

Ivey, James E. Archaeological Testing at Rancho de las Cabras, 41 WN 30, Wilson County, Texas: Second Season. Archaeological Survey Report no. 121. San Antonio: The University of Texas at San Antonio, Center for Archaeological Research, 1983.

Ivey, James E. and Anne A. Fox. Archaeological Survey and Testing at Rancho de las Cabras, Wilson County, Texas. Archaeological Survey Report no. 104. San Antonio: The University of Texas at San Antonio, Center for Archaeological Research, 1981.

James, John. Chartres: The Masons Who Built a Legend. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1982.

Jones, Oakah L., Jr. Pueblo Warriors and Spanish Conquest. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1966.

Kessell, John L. Kiva, Cross and Crown: the Pecos Indians and New Mexico, 1540-1840. Washington, D.C.: National Park Service, 1979.

Kubler, George. The Rebuilding of San Miguel at Santa Fe in 1710. Colorado Springs: The Taylor Museum, 1939.

-----. The Religious Architecture of New Mexico in the Colonial Period and Since the American Occupation. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1940.

-----. Mexican Architecture of the Sixteenth Century. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1948.

Lister, Florence C., and Robert H. Lister. A Descriptive Dictionary for 500 Years of Spanish-Tradition Ceramics. Special Publication Series, No. 1. The Society for Historical Archeology, 1976.

-----. "One Pot's Pedigree." In Collected Papers in Honor of Charlie R. Steen, Jr.. Papers of the Archeological Society of New Mexico, No. 8. Albuquerque: Albuquerque Archeological Society Press, 1983.

Lloyd, Seton and Hans Wolfgang Muller. Ancient Architecture. New York: Rizzoli International Publications, 1986.

Lockhart, James. "Encomienda and Hacienda: The Evolution of the Great Estate in the Spanish Indies." In Peter J. Bakewell, John J. Johnson, and Meredith D. Dodge, Readings in Latin American History, Volume I: The Formative Centuries. Durham: Duke University Press, 1985.

Lummis, Charles. The Land Of Poco Tiempo. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1893.

Markman, Sidney D. Colonial Architecture of Antigua Guatemala. Philadelphia: The American Philosophical Society, 1966.

Marshall, Michael P. and Henry J. Walt. Rio Abajo: Prehistory and History of a Rio Grande Province. Santa Fe: New Mexico Historic Preservation Program, Historic Preservation Division, 1984.

McAlister, Lyle N. Spain and Portugal in the New World, 1492-1700. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1984.

Mera, H. P. Population Changes in the Rio Grande Glaze-Paint Area. Technical Series, Bulletin 11. Santa Fe: Laboratory of Anthropology, 1940.

Montgomery, Ross Gordon. "Functional Interpretations of the Church and Friary." In Watson Smith et al., The Excavation of Hawikuh by Frederick Webb Hodge. Contributions from the Museum of the American Indian, Vol. 20. New York: Heye Foundation, 1966.

Montgomery, Ross Gordon, Watson Smith, and John Otis Brew. Franciscan Awatovi: The Excavation and Conjectural Reconstruction of a 17th-Century Spanish Mission Establishment at a Hopi Indian Town in Northeastern Arizona. Reports of the Awatovi Expedition, No. 3, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology, Vol. 36. Cambridge, Mass.: Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology, 1949.

Polzer, Charles W. Rules and Precepts of the Jesuit Missions of Northwestern New Spain. Tucson: The University of Arizona Press, 1976.

Ricard, Robert. The Spiritual Conquest of Mexico: An Essay on the Apostolate and the Evangelizing Methods of the Mendicant Orders in New Spain: 1523-1572. Lesley Bird Simpson, tr. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1966.

Robinson, William J., John W. Hannah, and Bruce G. Harrill. Tree-Ring Dates from New Mexico I, O, U: Central Rio Grande Area. Tucson: University of Arizona, Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, 1972.

Scholes, France V. "Documentary Evidence Relating to the Jumanos Indians." In France V. Scholes and H. P. Mera, "Some Aspects of the Jumano Problem." Contributions to American Anthropology and History. Vol. 6, No. 34. Washington D.C.: Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1940.

Scholes, France V., and H. P. Mera, "Some Aspects of the Jumano Problem." Contributions to American Anthropology and History. Vol. 6, No. 34. Washington D.C.: Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1940.

Schroeder, Albert H. "Pueblos Abandoned in Historic Times." In Handbook of North American Indians. Vol. 9: The Southwest. Washington, D. C: The Smithsonian Institution, 1979.

Schuetz, Mardith K. The History and Archeology of Mission San Juan Capistrano, San Antonio, Texas; Volume I: Historical Documentation and Description of the Structures. Archeological Program Report no. 10. Austin: Texas State Building Commission, 1968.

Schuetz, Mardith K., ed. and trans. Architectural Practice in Mexico City: A Manual for Journeyman Architects of the Eighteenth Century. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1987.

Secretaría del Patrimonio Nacional. Vocabulario Arquitectónico Ilustrado. México City: Secretaría del Patrimonio Nacional, 1975.

Simmons, Marc. "Carros y Carretas: Vehicular Traffic on the Camino Real." In Hispanic Arts and Ethnohistory in the Southwest, Marta Weigle, ed. Santa Fe: Ancient City Press, 1983.

Simmons, Marc and Frank Turley. Southwestern Colonial Ironwork: The Spanish Blacksmithing Tradition from Texas to California. Santa Fe: Museum of New Mexico Press, 1980.

Smith, Watson, Richard B. Woodbury, and Nathalie F. S. Woodbury. The Excavation of Hawikuh by Frederick Webb Hodge: Report of the Hendricks-Hodge Expedition, 1917-1923. Contribution from the Museum of the American Indian, Vol. 20. New York: Heye Foundation, 1966.

Snow, David H. "A Note on Encomienda Economics in Seventeenth-century New Mexico." In Hispanic Arts and Ethnohistory in the Southwest, Marta Weigle, ed. Santa Fe: Ancient City Press, 1983.

Stubbs, Stanly A. and Bruce T. Ellis. Archaeological Investigations at the Chapel of San Miguel and the site of La Castrense, Santa Fe, New Mexico. Monographs of the School of American Research No. 20. Santa Fe: Laboratory of Anthropology, Museum of New Mexico, 1955.

Tainter, Joseph A. and Frances Levine. Cultural Resources Overview: Central New Mexico. Santa Fe: New Mexico State Office, Bureau of Land Management, 1987.

Taylor, Lonn, and Dessa Bokides. New Mexico Furniture, 1600-1940: The Origins, Survival, and Revival of Furniture Making in the Hispanic Southwest. Santa Fe: Museum of New Mexico Press, 1987.

Thrower, Norman J. W. "Edmond Halley and Thematic GeoCartography." In The Terraqueous Globe: The History of Geography and Cartography, Norman J. W. Thrower and Clarence J. Glacken, ed. Los Angeles: University of California, 1969.

Toulouse, Joseph H., Jr. The Mission of San Gregorio de Abo: A Report on the Excavation and Repair of a Seventeenth-Century New Mexico Mission. Monographs of the School of American Research, No. 13. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1949.

Toulouse, Joseph H., Jr., and Robert L. Stephenson. Excavations at Pueblo Pardo: Central New Mexico. Papers in Anthropology, No. 2. Santa Fe: the Museum of New Mexico, 1960.

Toussaint, Manuel. Colonial Art in Mexico Elizabeth W. Weismann, trans. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1967.

Velasquez de la Cadena, Mariano, Edward Gray and Juan L. Iribas. New Revised Velasquez Spanish and English Dictionary. Chicago: Follett Publishing Company, 1961.

Vetancurt, Fray Agustin de. Teatro Mexicano: Descripcion Breve de Los Sucessos Exemplares de la Nueva-España en el Nuevo Mundo Occidental de las Indias. José Porrua Turanzas, ed. Coleccion Chimalistac de Libros y Documentos Acerca de la Nueva España, nos. 10 and 11, Vols. 3 and 4. Madrid: José Porrúa Turanzas, 1961.

Vivian, Gordon. Excavations in a 17th-Century Jumano Pueblo: Gran Quivira. Archeological Research Series, No. 8. Washington, D.C.: National Park Service, 1979.

Wilson, John P. "Quarai: A Turbulent History." In Salinas; Exploration: the Annual Bulletin of the School of American Research. Santa Fe: School of American Research, 1982.

-----. "Tabirá--Outpost on the East." In Collected Papers in Honor of Charlie R. Steen, Jr.. Papers of the Archeological Society of New Mexico, no. 8. Albuquerque: Archeological Society of New Mexico, 1983.

-----. "Before the Pueblo Revolt: Population Trends, Apache Relations and Pueblo Abandonments in Seventeenth Century New Mexico." In Prehistory and History in the Southwest. Papers of the Archaeological Society of New Mexico, No. 11. Albuquerque: Archeological Society of New Mexico, 1985.

ARTICLES

Anderson, H. Allen. "The Encomienda in New Mexico." New Mexico Historical Review 60 (October 1985): 353-77.

Anonymous. "Ancient Quarai Ruins Taken Over by Museum." El Palacio 1 (November 1913): 1.

-----. "Both Field Expeditions Prove Very Successful." El Palacio 2 (October 1914): 5

-----. "The Cities That Died of Fear." El Palacio 11(November 1921): 135.

-----. "Kivas Found in Quarai Monastery." El Palacio 40 (May-June 1936): 122.

-----. "A `Coronelli' Map." New Mexico Historical Review 11 (October 1936) facing page 297.

-----. "Test Excavations at Quarai." El Palacio 51 (October 1944): 221.

Arneson, Edwin P. "The Early Art of Terrestrial Measurement and its Practice in Texas." The Southwestern Historical Quarterly 29 (October 1925): 79-97.

Baldwin, Stuart J. "A Reconsideration of the Dating of a Seventeenth-Century New Mexican Document." New Mexico Historical Review 59 (October 1984): 411-13.

Betancourt, Julio L., Jeffrey S. Dean, and Herbert M. Hull. "Prehistoric Long-distance Transport of Construction Beams, Chaco Canyon, New Mexico." American Antiquity 51 (April 1986): 370-75.

Lansing B. Bloom, "Early Weaving in New Mexico," The New Mexico Historical Review 2 (July 1927): 228-38.

-----. "A Glimpse Of New Mexico In 1620," New Mexico Historical Review 3 (October 1928): 357-80.

-----. "The Royal Order To Custodian Perea," New Mexico Historical Review 5 (July 1930): 288-98.

-----. "Fray Estevan de Perea's Relacion." New Mexico Historical Review 8 (July 1933): 211-35.

-----. "The Peñalosa Map." New Mexico Historical Review 9 (April 1934): 113, 228.

-----. "Albuquerque and Galisteo: Certificate of their Founding, 1706." New Mexico Historical Review 10 (January 1935): 48-50.

-----. "A Trade Invoice of 1638." New Mexico Historical Review 10 (July 1935): 242-48.

-----. "The Chihuahua Highway." New Mexico Historical Review 12 (July 1937): 209-16.

Bloom, Lansing B. and Lynn B. Mitchell. "The Chapter Elections in 1672." New Mexico Historical Review 13 (January 1938): 85-119.

Boundey, George L. "Southwestern Monuments Monthly Reports," March, 1936.

-----. "Southwestern Monuments Monthly Reports," April, 1936.

-----. "Southwestern Monuments Monthly Reports," November, 1936.

-----. "Southwestern Monuments Monthly Report," March, 1938.

-----. "Southwestern Monuments Monthly Report," June, 1938.

Brugge, David M. "Pueblo Factionalism and External Relations." Ethnohistory 16 (Spring 1969): 191-200.

Chavez, Ireneo L., trans. "Instructions to Peralta by Vice-Roy." New Mexico Historical Review 4 (April 1929): 178-87.

Chavez, Angélico. "Santa Fe Church and Convent Sites in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries." New Mexico Historical Review 24 (April 1949): 85-93.

-----. "The Unique Tomb of Fathers Zarate and De La Llana in Santa Fe." New Mexico Historical Review 40 (April 1965): 101-15.

Ely, Albert G. "The Excavation and Repair of Quarai Mission." El Palacio 39 (December 1935): 133-148.

Hawley, Florence M. "Yes, We Have No Old Apples." New Mexico 14 (August 1936): 16-17, 43.

Hayes, Alden C. "The Missing Convento of San Isidro." El Palacio 75 (October 1967): 35-40.

Howard, Richard. "Tabirá--Identification and Historical Sketch." El Palacio 67 (April 1960): 68-71.

Keech, Roy A. "The Saline Pueblo Strongholds." El Palacio 34 (January 1933): 1-16

Keith, Gentry. "The Woman Who Sells Water." New Mexico Magazine 19 (February 1941): 26-34.

Kessel, John. "A Tale of Two Pueblos." El Palacio 85 (Fall 1979): 2-5.

-----. "Father Ramon and the Big Debt." New Mexico Historical Review 44 (January 1969): 53-72.

Kubler, George. "Gran Quivira-Humanas." New Mexico Historical Review 14 (October 1939): 418-21.

Leap, William L. "Who were the Piro?." Anthropological Linguistics 13 (July 1971): 329.

Lummis, Charles. "The Southwestern Wonderland. VIII. The Ghost of the Quivira." The Land of Sunshine 5 (November 1896): 222-76.

Orr, Mary. "Manzano--America's Oldest Apple Orchard." New Mexico 8 (July 1935): 29-47.

Pinkley, Frank. "Southwestern Monuments Monthly Reports," March, 1938.

-----. "Southwestern Monuments Monthly Reports," June, 1938.

Scholes, France V. "Documents for the History of the New Mexican Missions in the Seventeenth Century, I." New Mexico Historical Review 4 (January 1929): 45-58.

-----. "Documents for the History of the New Mexican Missions in the Seventeenth Century, II." New Mexico Historical Review 4 (April 1929): 195-201.

-----. "The Supply Service of the New Mexican Missions in the Seventeenth Century, I." New Mexico Historical Review 5 (January 1930): 93-115.

-----. "The Supply Service of the New Mexican Missions in the Seventeenth Century, II." New Mexico Historical Review 5 (April 1930): 186-210.

-----. "The Supply Service of the New Mexican Missions in the Seventeenth Century, III." New Mexico Historical Review 5 (October 1930): 386-404.

-----. "Civil Government and Society in New Mexico in the Seventeenth Century." New Mexico Historical Review 10 (April 1935): 71-111.

-----. "Church and State in New Mexico, 1610-1650, I." [Part four of a serial publication of five parts]. New Mexico Historical Review 11 (October 1936): 297-349.

-----. "Church and State in New Mexico, 1610-1650, II." [Part five of a serial publication of five parts]. New Mexico Historical Review 12 (January 1937): 78-106.

-----. "Troublous Times in New Mexico, 1659-1670, I." New Mexico Historical Review 12 (April 1937): 134-74.

-----. "Troublous Times in New Mexico, 1659-1670, II." New Mexico Historical Review 13 (October 1937): 380-452.

-----. "Troublous Times in New Mexico, 1659-1670, III." New Mexico Historical Review 13 (January 1938): 63-84.

-----. "Notes on the Jemez Missions in the Seventeenth Century." El Palacio 44 (October 1938): 61-102.

-----. "Troublous Times in New Mexico, 1659-1670, IV." New Mexico Historical Review 15 (July 1940): 249-68.

-----. "Troublous Times in New Mexico, 1659-1670, V." New Mexico Historical Review 15 (October 1940): 369-417.

-----. "Troublous Times in New Mexico, 1659-1670, VI." New Mexico Historical Review 16 (January 1941): 15-40.

-----. "Troublous Times in New Mexico, 1659-1670, VII." New Mexico Historical Review 16 (April 1941): 184-205.

-----. "Troublous Times in New Mexico, 1659-1670, VIII." New Mexico Historical Review 16 (July 1941): 315-316.

-----. "Correction." New Mexico Historical Review 19 (July 1944): 243-246.

Scholes, France V. and Lansing B. Bloom. "Friar Personnel and Mission Chronology, 1598-1629, I." New Mexico Historical Review 19 (October 1944): 319-36.

-----. "Friar Personnel and Mission Chronology, 1598-1629, II." New Mexico Historical Review 20 (January 1945): 51-82.

Schroeder, Albert H. "The Language of the Salinas Pueblos: Piro or Tiwa?" El Palacio 39 (July, 1964): 235-49.

Senter, Donovan. "The Work on the Old Quarai Mission, 1934." El Palacio 34 (November-December 1934): 169-174.

Smith, W. H. "Southwestern Monuments Monthly Report," May, 1932.

-----. "Southwestern Monuments Monthly Report," July, 1932.

-----. "Southwestern Monuments Monthly Report," September, 1932.

-----. "Southwestern Monuments Monthly Report," April, 1933.

-----. "Southwestern Monuments Monthly Report," May, 1933.

-----. "Southwestern Monuments Monthly Report," June, 1933.

-----. "Southwestern Monuments Monthly Report," February, 1935.

Stubbs, Stanley A. "`New' Old Churches found at Quarai and Tabira (Pueblo Blanco)." El Palacio 66 (October 1959): 162-169.

Stubbs, Stanley A., Bruce T. Ellis, and Alfred E. Dittert, Jr. "`Lost' Pecos Church." El Palacio 64 (March, April 1957): 67-92.

Toulouse, Joseph H., Jr. "The Mission of San Gregorio de Abó." El Palacio 45 (December 1938): 103-07.

-----. "Southwestern Monuments Monthly Reports," January, 1940.

-----. "San Gregorio de Abó Mission." El Palacio 47 (March 1940): 49-58.

-----. "Southwestern Monuments Monthly Reports," April 1940.

-----. "Southwestern Monuments Monthly Reports," May, 1940.

-----. "Southwestern Monuments Monthly Reports," August, 1940.

-----. "Southwestern Monuments Monthly Reports," October, 1940.

-----. "Recent Data Relating to Gran Quivira National Monument." In "Southwestern Monuments Monthly Reports, Supplement," November, 1940.

-----. "Southwestern Monuments Monthly Reports," December, 1940.

-----. "Southwestern Monuments Monthly Reports," February, 1941.

-----. "Southwestern Monuments Monthly Reports," May, 1941.

Toulouse, Joseph H., Jr., and Herbert Dick. "Discussion, Toulouse vs. Hurt and Dick." El Palacio 54 (April 1947): 99-102

Virgin, John W. "The Ruins of Gran Quivira." The American Archaeologist. 2 (Part I, January 1898): 1-6.

von Wuthenau, A. "The Spanish Military Chapels in Santa Fe and the Reredos of our Lady of Light." New Mexico Historical Review 10 (July 1935): 175-94.

Walter, Paul A. F. "The Cities that Died of Fear." El Palacio 3 (August 1916): 12-73.

Wilson, Benjamin David. "Benjamin David Wilson's Observations on Early Days in California and New Mexico." Annual of the Historical Society of Southern California (1934): 95-96.

Wilson, John P. "Quarai, Living Mission to Monument." El Palacio 78 (January 1973): 14-28.

NEWSPAPERS

Rio Grande Republican. "The Oldest and Most Noted Orchard in Southwest Country. Las Cruces, New Mexico." October 20, 1911. Vol. 32, no. 35, p. 1.

Rio Grande Republican. "The Oldest Apple Orchard in the United States is in New Mexico. Las Cruces, New Mexico." December 15, 1911. Vol. 32, no. 50, p. 1.

Santa Fe New Mexican. June 22, 1905, p. 1.