1. Donald C. Swain, "Harold Ickes, Horace Albright, and the Hundred Days: A Study in Conservation Administration," Pacific Historical Review 34 (November 1965): 455-65; Donald C. Swain, "The National Park Service and the New Deal 1933-1940," Pacific Historical Review 41 (August 1972): 312-32; and Barry Mackintosh, "Harold Ickes and the National Park Service," Journal of Forest History 29 (April 1985): 78-84. The Secret Diaries of Harold L. Ickes: The First Thousand Days, 1933-1936 (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1954) presents the activities of this time in the secretary's own words.

2. Swain, "Ickes, Albright, and the Hundred Days."

3. Harlan D. Unrau and G. Frank Williss, Administrative History: Expansion of the National Park Service in the 1930s (Denver: National Park Service, 1983), 75.

4. Ibid., 84; Swain, "Ickes, Albright, and the Hundred Days," 313-14.

5. John C. Paige, The Civilian Conservation Corps and the National Park Service 1933-1942 (Denver: National Park Service, 1985), 70-75.

6. A. H. Dahm of Denver to Arno B. Cammerer, undated circa 1936, NA, RG 79, Series 7, Dinosaur National Monument, file 201.

7. George Grant report to Director, 24 October 1932, NA, RG 79, Series 7, Bandelier National Monument, file 204-10.

8. Ise, Our National Park Policy, 360-64; Paige, The Civilian Conservation Corps, 7-19, 110-7. The original documentation for each camp is contained in the National Archives, RG 79, Series 69, Records of the Civilian Conservation Corps.

9. Ise, Our National Park Policy; Paige, The Civilian Conservation Corps.

10. NA, RG 79, Series 7, Capitol Reef National Monument, file 201, tells the story of the creation of Capitol Reef.

11. Hal Rothman, "Shaping the Nature of a Controversy: The Park Service, The Forest Service, and the Cedar Breaks National Monument," Utah Historical Quarterly 55 (Summer 1987): 213-35.

12. The Channel Islands belonged to the Department of Commerce, which was trying to get rid of the property. They repeatedly offered the islands to the NPS which was not really interested. Finally, the NPS agreed to accept the area as a national monument (see NA, RG 79, Series 7, Channel Islands National Monument, file 201).

13. "Summary of Data Pertaining to proposed Organ Pipe National Monument, Arizona", undated, NA, RG 79, Series 7, Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, file 101.

14. Runte, National Parks, 131.

15. Ise, Our National Park Policy, 199-200.

16. Frank Pinkley to Frank R. Oastler, 7 November 1929, NA, RG 79, Series 6, Casa Grande National Monument, file 12-5.

17. Horace Albright to Frank Pinkley, 22 October 1931, NA, RG 79, Series 7, Casa Grande National Monument, file 201-01.

18. Harold C. Bryant to Frank Pinkley, 12 May 1932, NA, RG 79, Series 7, Casa Grande National Monument, file 201-03.

19. Frank Pinkley to Horace Albright, 27 May 1932, RG 79, Series 7, Casa Grande National Monument, file 201.

20. Ibid.

21. Ibid.

22. Arthur E. Demaray memo attached to Pinkley 27 May 1932 letter; and Horace Albright to Frank Pinkley, 9 June 1932; NA, RG 79, Series 7, Casa Grande National Monument, files 201-02 and 201-01.

23. Barry Mackintosh, "Harold L. Ickes and the National Park Service," Journal of Forest History 29 (April 1985): 78-84.

24. Arno B. Cammerer to Frank Pinkley, 24 February 1934; Harold L. Ickes memo, 22 February 1934; NA, RG 79, Series 7, Casa Grande National Monument, file 201.

25. Frank Pinkley to Arizona State Senator James Minotto, 26 February 1934, NA, RG 79, Series 7, Casa Grande National Monument, file 201.

26. Frank Pinkley to Arno B. Cammerer, 8 March 1934, NA, RG 79, Series 7, Casa Grande National Monument, file 201.

27. Cammerer's letters to Horner, Palmer, and Minotto can be found in NA, RG 79, Series 7, Casa Grande, file 201; Arthur E. Demaray memo, 5 March 1934, NA, RG 79, Series 7, Casa Grande, file 201-02.

28. E. K. Burlew memo to Harold L. Ickes, 30 March 1934, NA, RG 79, Series 7, Casa Grande, file 201. See also Albright, Birth of the National Park Service, 307.

29. Harold L. Ickes memo to Arno B. Cammerer, 30 March 1934, NA, RG 79, Series 7, Casa Grande, file 201.

30. Gov. Henry Horner to Harold L. Ickes, 26 March 1934, NA, RG 79, Series 7, Casa Grande, file 201.

31. Harold L. Ickes to Frank Pinkley, 3 April 1934; Harold L. Ickes memo to Arno B. Cammerer, 4 April 1934; NA, RG 79, Casa Grande, file 201.

32. Ibid.

33. Arno B. Cammerer to Frank Pinkley, 5 October 1936, NA, RG 79, Series 7, Casa Grande, file 201.

34. Pinkley's first illness was in 1936; he recovered and was well although weak until the fatal heart attack. The Southwestern National Monuments Monthly Report, in which Pinkley chronicled the progress of his organization, also kept track of his health.