Chapter 8:The National Park (continued)
The Radersburg party was not alone in their
experience with the Nez Perces. A few miles from where the bloody
eruption involving Cowan and Oldham occurred on the Mary Mountain trail,
another group was about to fare even worse in their meeting with a group
of warriors from the caravan. The so-called Helena party of ten men
included Andrew Weikert, Richard Dietrich, Frederic J. Pfister, Charles
Kenck, John (Jack) Stewart, Leander Duncan, Leslie N. Wilkie, Benjamin
Stone, and two youths, Joseph Roberts and August Foller, aged twenty and
seventeen, respectively. Several of the party under Weikert had left
Helena on August 13, reaching Mammoth Hot Springs on the twentieth,
where they met the other members. Together, they started sightseeing two
days later, visiting Tower Fall and traveling to Falls of the
Yellowstone, near which they camped on the evening of August 23, at
about the time prospector John Shively was being approached by the Nez
Perces near Lower Geyser Basin. The next day was spent further touring
the falls, and on Saturday, the twenty-fifth, the party crossed Alum
Creek and passed up Sulphur Mountain enjoying the scenery as they headed
toward the Mud Geyser. Late in the morning, from the heights about
Sulphur Mountain, they observed the Nez Perce assemblage several miles
to the south as it passed through Hayden Valley toward the Yellowstone,
at first mistaking the throng for a herd of elk or a large group of
tourists. "We could see something alive coming, but did not know what it
was," stated Ben Stone. A mile or so farther, "on reaching the top of a
small hill, [we] saw a large camp across the Yellowstone. Duncan
exclaimed: Indians! Indians! My God, it's Indians!" [72] On discerning their identity, the Helena
party hurriedly consulted and decided to remove their camp back from the
falls and await the departure of the tribesmen. Stated Andrew Weikert:
"We went into camp between the forks of the first creek [Otter Creek]
above the upper falls, about a mile and a half above the falls, and felt
quite secure." [73] Nevertheless, some of
the party spent a restless night. [74]
On the twenty-sixth, two of the group, Weikert and
Wilkie, rode out to see if the tribesmen had moved as the rest of the
party lolled about camp. Evidently informed of the presence of the
Helena tourists by the discharged soldier, James Irwin, whom they had
picked up on the twenty-fifth, at least one scouting party of Nez Perces
had mounted an effort to seek them out, doubtless to obtain whatever
provisions they possessed. [75] Yellow
Wolf's narrative, the only known Nez Perce source that touched on the
subject, suggested that the party was led by either Kosooyeen or
Lakochets Kunnin (Rattle Blanket). [76] In
the afternoon, without warning, several warriors dashed into the camp
firing their weapons. The attack was swift and caught everyone off
guard, but they scattered nonetheless, running into the brush with the
warriors in hot pursuit. As Ben Stone recalled, "Duncan sprang up like a
deer and we were not long in following suit." [77] Frederic Pfister and Richard Dietrich ran
off in the direction of the Yellowstone, but Dietrich failed to jump
Otter Creek and landed in it, where he remained for several hours while
the Nez Perces plundered the camp. Leander Duncan also ran into the
woods and hid until dark and then started for Mammoth Hot Springs. John
Stewart and Charles Kenck ran off nearly together, but the warriors
wounded Stewart in the leg and hip and chased Kenck until they caught up
with him, then shot him twice. Stewart heard Kenck cry out, then go
silent. Shortly, one warrior returned and demanded money from the
wounded Stewart, who turned over $263 and his silver watch. Unable to
find Kenck or any others of the party, Stewart managed his way back to
the camp after the warriors had gone, retrieved an overcoat, soaked his
hip wound in the stream, and set out on what he expected to be an
arduous hike to Mammoth Hot Springs. Soon, however, he chanced upon his
own horse, but was unable to balance himself with no saddle. At Cascade
Creek he washed his wounds and then moved on; after a mile or so, he
encountered Ben Stone. At the initial shooting, Stone had run and
somersaulted down the hill and landed in the stream, remaining hidden
there for three hours while the warriors completed their raid. "I asked
him if he was wounded," related Stewart, "and he said he was not. I told
him I was, but whether badly or not I could not tell. I then asked him
if he would stay with me and help me through to the Springs, and he said
he would." [78] Together, they ate lunch and
started down the trail.
Weikert and Wilkie, meanwhile, on returning from
their lookout on Sulphur Mountain, ran directly into the warriors near
the Yellowstone at the mouth of Alum Creek. The warriors were
dismounted, and Wilkie had no trouble turning his mount and getting
away. But as Weikert spurred his horse to follow, the Nez Perces fired
at him, clipping his shoulder blade. Another bullet ripped into his gun
stock. His horse stumbled and threw him, but Weikert was able to remount
and escape with Wilkie. Both then raced up Alum Creek and circled
through the timber back to the camp in an attempt to warn their
colleagues, but on their arrival they realized that they had been too
late. The warriors had taken their blankets, tents, and saddles and made
off with fourteen horses. They had smashed several shotguns and burned
whatever they did not want. [79] Provisioned
with a ham found in the camp, Weikert and Wilkie started for Mammoth and
soon overtook Stewart and Stone. With Stewart mounted on Wilkie's saddle
horse and the lame Stone on Weikert's, the four men ascended and
descended Mount Washburn and continued down the Yellowstone, gaining the
hot springs shortly before 6:00 a.m. next morning, August 27. At
McCartney's hotel they found their colleague, Frederic Pfister, who had
reached Lieutenant Schofield's command near Tower Junction the preceding
evening, within hours of the arrival there of Emma Cowan and Frank and
Ida Carpenter. Pfister had gone back to Mammoth with Schofield's
detachment, and on the morning of the twenty-seventh he started with the
troops to Fort Ellis. An ambulance was summoned to transport the wounded
Stewart to Bozeman, and he started down on Thursday morning, August
30.
Another of the Helena party arrived at Mammoth on the
morning of August 27. Leander Duncan had also escaped the Nez Perce
attack; he reported that Richard Dietrich was on the back trail two
miles away, exhausted, and Weikerthis wound cleansed and
dressedrode out with an extra mount and brought him in. Dietrich
refused to go down in the ambulance with Stewart, protesting that he
could not leave until Joseph Roberts and August Foller were found. On
Wednesday, the twenty-ninth, Weikert and hotel proprietor James C.
McCartney started back to the Otter Creek camp to bury Kenck and to try
to learn something of the whereabouts of the two young men. Next day
they found and buried Kenck's body, but a search of the area through the
thirtieth failed to disclose what had happened to Roberts and Foller,
and on the thirty-first Weikert and McCartney headed back to Mammoth Hot
Springs. (Weikert would later learn that Roberts and Foller had somehow
escaped the attack and survived several days and nights until they
reached the Madison Valley, where they ran into some freight wagons en
route to Howard's troops and acquired food. Then they set out on their
own for Virginia City, reaching that place without incident on August 31
where they erroneously reported the death of Ben Stone.) On the way, and
within twenty miles of the springs, Weikert and McCartney engaged in a
spirited encounter with eighteen Nez Perces who succeeded in dismounting
them and driving them into the underbrush along the base of Mount
Everts. [80] "The Indians never let up
shooting, but kept picking up the dust all around me," recounted
Weikert. "I think they must have fired fifty shots at me, but only cut a
piece out of my boot leg and killed my horse." [81] Wilkie's horse spooked and ran off. Yet
somehow eluding their pursuers, the men forded the Gardner River and
walked the rest of the way into Mammoth. [82]
Exhausted from their ordeal, Weikert and McCartney
arrived at Mammoth Hot Springs to find that the warriors had struck
there. [83] On the thirtieth, Jake Stoner,
an ambulance crewman who had remained behind at the springs, while
hunting spotted a party of Indians near Lava Creek. Quickly returning to
McCartney's place, Stoner warned Richard Dietrich and Ben Stone of the
appearance of the Indians, and both men fled into the brush to hide. The
warriors approached the cabin-hotel and searched around it. Ben Stone,
who had retreated up a gulch to a wooded point of rocks behind the
hotel, narrowly avoided the Nez Perces as they searched the area. But
the Indians presently moved north beyond the park boundary toward
Henderson's ranch, a complex established by James Henderson in 1871 and
in 1877 managed by his son, Sterling, who provided mail service and
provisions for area miners. (The ranch stood about six miles below
Mammoth Hot Springs and two and one-half miles northwest of the present
town of Gardiner and along the wagon road to Bozeman.) On the morning of
August 31, when the Nez Perce scouting party of eighteen appeared at the
ranch, five men were presenttwo at the house and three fishing in
the Yellowstone some three hundred yards away to the east. Those at the
house, John Werks and Sterling Hendersonobserving the warriors'
advance a mile distanthurriedly gathered up arms and ammunition
belts and raced to join those at the river: Joseph Brown, George Reese,
and William Davis. Meantime, the Nez Perces split into two groups, a
party of eight continuing the approach while the remainder stood their
horses and watched from afar. The ranchmen assumed a strong defensive
position among some boulders one hundred yards from the house and, as
the eight warriors began emptying horses from the corral, let loose a
volley of shots against them.
The firing spooked the Nez Perces' own animals,
leaving the tribesmen dismounted and seeking cover behind the house and
barn, from which they returned the fire. After two hours of sporadic
shooting in which neither side gained an advantage, Henderson and the
others withdrew to the river and crossed in a boat to the other side.
The mounted warriors then came forward and sent a few bullets over the
stream after them while the party at the ranch set fire to the log
house, retrieved their own horses, and escorted the captured stock back
toward Mammoth Hot Springs. No one was hit in the exchange, but as the
warriors completed their withdrawal from Henderson's ranch, Lieutenant
Gustavus C. Doaneen route with Company E, Seventh Cavalry, forty-two
Crow Indian scouts, and a few wagonscoincidentally came on the
scene, having seen a plume of smoke as he passed Cinnabar Mountain. The
Doane party had left Fort Ellis on August 27, under orders "to push up
the Yellowstone to the [Baronett's] bridge at the mouth of East Fork,
cross that, and feel for the Indians up the right bank of the
Yellowstone." [84] As Doane's column passed
along the Yellowstone, numerous anxious citizens had attached themselves
to the command. Racing after the Nez Perces, a detachment from Doane's
command managed to take back nineteen of the stolen horses. [85] The warriors went back into the park. By
then, Richard Dietrich, who was a music teacher in Helena, thinking it
safe after the previous day's alarm, had returned to McCartney's place
for food. As he stood in the doorway of the cabin, a Nez Perce warrior
named Chuslum Hahlap Kanoot (Naked-footed Bull), still enraged over the
loss of family members at the Big Hole, took aim at Dietrich and killed
him. [86] A short time later, a detachment
of ten men from Doane's command under Second Lieutenant Hugh L. Scott,
guided by a local man, Collins J. ("Jack") Baronett, arrived to find
Dietrich's still-warm body, which they removed to the floor of the
cabin. "He had plunged forward on his face," remembered Scott, "and had
been shot again, the bullet going the length of his body." [87] The warriors had started back up the
Yellowstone River to rejoin the main camp. Trailing past the base of the
Liberty Cap geyser cone, Scott's men pursued the warriors to Lava Creek
and then, at Baronett's insistence, returned to join Doane at
Henderson's ranch, where they bivouacked. [88] Following their skirmish with these same
Nez Perces, Weikert and McCartney arrived to find Dietrich dead on the
floor. With Ben Stone also missing and presumed dead, the two continued
down the road to Henderson's. In fact, Stone had escaped the warriors'
rush on the cabin on the thirtieth; his harrowing ordeal to elude the
Nez Perces involved his hiding in the branches of a tree and an
encounter with a bear before he, too, reached Henderson's ranch that
night for a reunion with Jake Stoner, who had previously arrived there,
and with Weikert and McCartney, who came in an hour after Stone. The
next day, Weikert with some soldiers and citizens from Henderson's went
back up the river to McCartney's hotel to bury Dietrich in "an old bath
tub," for they had no lumber for a casket. Six weeks later, Weikert
returned to Mammoth Hot Springs and exhumed both Kenck and Dietrich for
reburial in Helena. [89]
|