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Environment, Prehistory & Archaeology of Mount Rainier National Park, Washington
Greg C. Burtchard
Appendix A:
SITE AND ISOLATE REPORTS IN MOUNT RAINIER NATIONAL PARK
The following table brings together various artifact and site reports
directly involving Mount Rainier National Park. Sources include internal
Park memoranda, museum catalog records on file at Park headquarters in
Longmire, personal communications by various Park employees, and formal
archaeological surveys. Dates provided refer to the time that the
artifact or site report was filed (when known). Multiple entries
indicate multiple reports. Dates and names are listed, and the sources
described further, under Site Report Sources following the table.
Catalog numbers are those entered on "Department of the Interior,
National Park Service, Museum Catalog Record Worksheet - Cultural
Resources" forms housed with museum collections in Longmire. Map numbers
refer to locations included on map Figures 3.1 through 3.3. All numbered
sites (prefix FS) and isolates (prefix IF) are documented in summary
fashion in Chapter 3, and in detail in the 1995 Reconnaissance
Data companion volume (Burtchard and Hamilton 1998). The table's
Comments field provides brief location and supplemental reference
information.
The table is intended to reduce confusion in Mount Rainier cultural
resource reports and collections that is inherent in the presence of
multiple, uncoordinated finds that span a long period of time. Please
note that the list is a preliminary document that should be improved and
expanded as more information becomes available. Collections added after
completion of 1995 fieldwork are not included. Note too that with the
exception of three localities, the table focuses entirely on prehistoric
cultural remains. Mount Rainier National Park also preserves an unknown
number of potentially significant historic period archaeological sites.
Efforts should also be made to systematically document these
localities.
Table A-1 Prehistoric Sites and Isolated Find Reports in Mount
Rainier National Park through 1995
| Type of Find | Date | Reported by | Cat # |
Map #1 | Site or Isolate No. | Comment |
| Projectile point | 1920 | Schmoe, Floyd |
| 1 | None, unverified |
Obsidian point found near Lane Peak in Tatoosh Range; cited in Schmoe (1967) |
| Unspecified lithic remains |
1925 | Schmoe, Floyd |
| 2 | None, unverified |
Van Trump Park remains cited by Schmoe (1925 in Smith 1964:207-208). |
| Biface tip isolate | 1930 | Richards, L.G. | 59 | 3 | None, unverified |
Possible knife tip reported found by Schmoe near Pinnacle peak. Probably really the "white quartz" find in Spray Park by Richards (1930 in Smith 1964:208). |
| Rockshelter | 1963 | Daugherty, Richard (Terry Patton) |
Pend. | 8 | FS 63-01 (45PI43) |
Fryingpan Rockshelter tested by Rice (1965) and reevaluated in 1995 (see this volume). |
| Dart point isolate | 1963 | Rice, David & Charles Nelson |
| 9 | IF 01-63 |
Bench Lake isolate reported in Daugherty (1963) (also see this volume). |
| Lithic Isolate | 1968
1978 |
Bell, Frank
Dalle-Molle, John |
8304
8305 |
10 | IF 01-68 |
Bee Flat/Yellowstone Cliffs area (this volume). |
| Two projectile point isolates |
1970 | Henderson, Jan | 8306
8307 |
11 | IF 01-70 |
Success Cleaver isolates (this volume). |
| Lithic scatter | 1971
1978
1995 |
Dalle-Molle, John
Dalle-Molle, John
Fabiani, Carl & Denise |
8317
8318 |
12 | FS 71-01(45PI438) |
Buck Lake Site documented in 1995 (this volume). This site also is
referred to as "Fawn Ridge" in 1971 memo by JD-M; and as Buck
Lake in 1978 JD-M memo. Cari Kreshak (R. McClure project)
searched unsuccessfully in 1990. D. & C. Fabiani (pers. com.) drew
attention to the site again in 1995. |
| Rockshelter | 1971
1978 |
Dalle-Molle, John
Dalle-Molle, John |
4631 - 4700 |
13 | FS 86-02 (45PI303) |
Berkeley Rockshelter tested in 1987 by E. Bergland (1988) (also see
Bergland 1986 and this volume) |
| Lithic isolates | 1972 | Dalle-Molle, John | 8311
8312 |
14 | IF 01-72 |
Sunrise Creek isolate (this volume). |
| Isolated flake | 1978 | Dale-Molle, John |
| 15 | IF 01-77 |
Deadwood Lakes Pass isolate location examined in 1995 (this volume). |
| Isolated small point |
1978 | Dalle-Molle, Lois |
| 16 | None; verification attempted |
Broken small point, upper Huckleberry Park, SW section. Area
surveyed by Burtchard and Hamilton in 1995, no cultural materials
identified. |
| Rockshelter | 1978 | Dalle-Molle, John | 8313
8314 |
17 | FS 74-01 (45PI437) |
Vernal Park Rockshelter documented in 1995 (this volume). |
| Lithic scatters | 1978
1995 |
Dalle-Molle, John
Fabiani, Carl & Denise |
|
18
33
39
40 |
In graveled trail west of S. tarn lake
FS 90-03 (45PI410)
FS 95-07 (45PI434)
FS 95-08 (45PI430) |
Various lithic scatters in the general Windy Gap / Spunkwush Creek
headwater area. FS 90-03 documented 1990 by R. McClure; others
in 1995 (this volume) |
| Flake in rockshelter |
1978 | Dalle-Molle, John |
| 19 | None; unverified |
Large flake from rock overhang (cave) on Boulder Creek. |
| Rockshelter | 1978
1995 |
Dalle-Molle, John
Fabiani, Carl |
8310 | 20 | FS 72-02 (45PI433) |
Mt. Pleasant Rockshelter in Spray Park documented in 1995 (this volume). |
| Lithic scatter | 1978
1986 |
Dalle-Molle, J. & L.
Thompson, Mark |
4737
4738
4739
8309 |
21 | FS 86-01 (45PI407) |
Frozen Lake Site documented 1995 (see Bergland 1986 and this volume). |
| Isolated flake | 1978 | Dalle-Molle, John |
|
22
35
36
48
49 |
Unspecified place
FS 95-03 (45PI436)
FS 95-04 (45PI435)
IF 06-95
IF 07-95 |
JD-M reported flake probably is associated with one of these places
documented in 1995 in the general Yakama Park section of Sunrise
Ridge (this volume). |
| Isolated flake | 1978 | Dalle-Molle, John |
| 23 | None; verification attempted |
Single flake in basin ENE of Dege Peak. Upper bench area surveyed
in 1990 by Janet Liddle (1990). No cultural remains identified. |
| Lithic scatter | 1978 | Dalle-Molle, Lois |
| Not mapped |
None; unverified |
Numerous chips (flakes) in log skid road W of White River and S of
Anger Creek airstrip, Snoqualmie N.F. Not in Park. |
| Possible flake scraper |
1981 | Teague, George |
| Not mapped |
None |
Found during survey for the Paradise waste treatment facility. No
site recognized and construction was completed. |
| Arrow point isolate |
1984 | Burman, Wendy | 8308 | 24 | IF 01-84 |
Upper Palisades Lake isolate (this volume). |
| Dry wall masonry | 1986 | Carney, Mike |
| Not mapped |
None, unverified |
In the vicinity of Cataract Creek; may be historical (in Bergland 1986). |
| Lithic scatter | 1986 | Carney, Mike |
| 25 | None, unverified |
In the vicinity of Indian Bar, Ohana [pecosh River..?] (In Bergland 1986). |
| Lithic scatter | 1986 | Thompson, Peter |
| 26 | None, unverified |
Lake James Trail (in Bergland 1986). |
| Lithic isolate | 1987 | Jensen, Chris | 8315 | 27 | IF 01-87 |
Tokaloo Trail isolate (this volume). |
| Possible quarry | 1988 | Dalle-Molle, John |
| 28 | None, unverified |
Reddish jasper chunks and fragments on the NW flank of
Mt. Fremont in the upper basin above Forest Lake. Map included
with memo note to Regional Archaeologist, Jim Thomson. |
| Lithic scatter | 1988 | Jensen Chris & Steve Freitas |
Pend. | 29 | FS 88-01 (45PI406) |
Original Tipsoo Lakes Site recorded by R. McClure in 1988 (also see this volume). |
| Lithic scatter | 1989 | Forrest, James |
| 30 | FS 95-01(45PI426) |
Site originally located by Forrest, relocated by G. Sullivan and
documented in the 1995 reconnaissance (this volume). |
| Lithic isolate | 1989 | Forrest, James |
| Not mapped |
MORA 89-01 |
Found near Hwy. 410 in the White river floodplain. Flakes may be
road fill. Because of fill and known White River flood patter,
cultural association is considered unlikely. |
| Lithic quarry | 1990 | Drie-Miller, Joe |
| 34 | FS 90-04 (45PI411) |
Tum Tum Peak Quarry Site recorded by Janet Liddle in 1990 during
the R. McClure inventory project (see this volume). |
| Lithic scatter | 1990 | McClure, Rick |
| 33 | FS 90-03 (45PI410) |
Lithic Scatter on Windy Gap documented 1990 (this volume). |
| Lithic scatter | 1990 | McClure, Rick |
| 32 | FS 90-02 (45PI409) |
Sarvant Glaciers Site documented in 1990 (this volume). |
| Lithic scatter | 1990 | Osterhaus, Luke | Pend. | 31 | FS 90-01(45PI408) |
Sunrise Ridge Borrow Pit Site recorded by R. McClure in 1990 (this volume). |
| Eleven reconnaissance documented sites |
1995 | Burtchard, Greg & Steve Hamilton |
|
30
Historic
35
36
37
38
39
40
Historic
41
42 |
FS 95-01 (45PI426)
FS 95-02 (45PI427)
FS 95-03 (45PI436)
FS 95-04 (45PI435)
FS 95-05 (45PI432)
FS 95-06 (45PI431)
FS 95-07 (45PI443)
FS 95-08 (45PI430)
FS 95-09 (45PI428)
FS 95-10 (45PI429)
FS 95-11 (45PI439) |
All newly documented during the 1995 cultural reconnaissance
project (this volume). Some of these numbers appear elsewhere in
this table with other reported sites. Note that two–FS 95-02 and
FS 95-09–are historic period sites. Other previously reported
sites, documented in 1995, are noted elsewhere in the table as
appropriate. |
| Eleven reconnaissance isolated finds |
1995 | Burtchard, Greg & Steve Hamilton |
|
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53 |
IF 01-95
IF 02-95
IF 03-95
IF 04-95
IF 05-95
IF 06-95
IF 07-95
IF 08-95
IF 09-95
IF 10-95
IF 11-95 |
Newly documented during the 1995 cultural reconnaissance project
(this volume). Some numbers appear elsewhere in this table with
other reported finds. Other previously reported finds, documented
in 1995, also are noted in the table. |
| Lithic isolate | 1995 | Cox, Pam | Pend. | 54 | None, unverified |
Upper Crystal Lakes isolate. |
| Jasper projectile point |
1995 | Carl & Denise Fabiani |
| 55 | None, unverified |
In social trail ca. 100 ft west of maintained trail atop of ridge
approaching Tolmie Peak Lookout. |
| Jasper projectile point |
1995 | Carl & Denise Fabiani |
| 56 | None, unverified |
On Howard Peak |
| Projectile Point | 1995 | Carl & Denise Fabiani |
| 57 | None, unverified |
In trail near west end of Eunice Lake. Geologist Bailey Willis
reported finding Indian baskets near Eunice Lake in early 1880s. |
| Point & lithic debitage |
1995 | Carl & Denise Fabiani |
| 58 | None, unverified |
In bulldozed fire trail on ridge top south of Mowich River near the Park boundary. |
| Lithic scatter | 1995 | Carl & Denise Fabiani |
| 59 | None, unverified |
On ridge between Tyee Peak and Windy Gap. |
| "Couple" of flakes | 1995 | Carl & Denise Fabiani |
| 60 | None, unverified |
In trail east of Golden Lakes Ranger Station. |
| Two flakes | 1995 | Carl & Denise Fabiani |
| 61 | None, unverified |
In trail to Sunrise Lake along top of Sunrise Ridge east Sunrise Point. |
| Trail Segment | 1995 | Carl Fabiani & Jack Morrison 1995, Roger Drake 1996 |
| 62 | None, undocumented |
Portion of trail ostensibly providing access to Sunrise Ridge from
the east. Reported to have been used by the Yakama during the early
historic period. |
| Chert biface | UK | UK |
| 57 | None None, unverified |
Artifact in MORA museum in Longmire without provenience. |
| Ground ax head | UK | UK |
| 58 | None, unverified |
Artifact in MORA museum in Longmire without provenience. |
| Biface preform | UK | UK | 130 | 4 | None, unverified |
Artifact from Moraine Park, in MORA museum in Longmire. No map found. |
| Arrow point | UK | UK | 131 | 5 | None, unverified |
Artifact near Glacier Vista Trail in MORA museum in Longmire. No map. |
| Dart point | UK | UK | 132 | 6 | None, unverified |
Found within sight of east side of Burroughs Mtn., artifact in MORA museum in Longmire. No map location. |
| Arrow point | UK | UK | 133 | 7 | None, unverified |
Found within sight of Klapatche Park, artifact in MORA museum in Longmire. No map. |
| Ground stone maul | UK | UK | 8319 | None | None, unverified |
Unknown location, artifact in MORA museum in Longmire. |
| Ground stone | maul | UK | UK | 8320 | None None, unverified |
Unknown location, artifact in MORA museum in Longmire. |
1Map locations refer only to
prehistoric sites and isolates within Park boundaries. Refer to
Figures 3.1 through 3.3.
Report Sources
| Bell, Frank |
| 1968 |
Mount Rainier museum catalog worksheets for items 8304 and 8305. Also reported by Dalle-Molle (1978). |
| Bergland, Eric O. |
| 1986 |
Archaeological Investigations in Mount Rainier National Park, Washington. Report prepared for
US Dept. of the Interior, National Park Service. Pacific Northwest Region. Seattle. |
| 1988 |
Archaeological Test Excavations at the Berkeley Rockshelter Site (45-PI-303), Mount Rainier
National Park, Washington. SRD Report of Investigations No. 1. Prepared for US Dept. of the
Interior, National Park Service. Pacific Northwest Region, Seattle. Sidda Research and
Development. Eugene, Oregon. |
| Burman, Wendy |
| 1984 |
Mount Rainier museum records for catalog numbers 8308. |
| Burtchard, Greg C. and Stephen C. Hamilton |
| 1998 |
Archaeological Resources in Mount Rainier National Park, Washington, 1995 Reconnaissance
Data. Prepared for USDI National Park Service, Columbia Cascades System Support Office,
Seattle. International Archaeological Research Institute, Inc. Honolulu.
Carney, Mike |
| 1986 |
Personal communication reported in Bergland 1986. |
| Dalle-Molle, John and Lois |
| 1971 |
Internal memorandum to the Mount Rainier Chief Naturalist noting prehistoric materials near
Buck Lake (Fawn Ridge) and Berkeley Park rockshelter. |
| 1972 |
Mount Rainier museum records for catalog number 8311 and 8312. |
| 1978 |
Archaeological resources found in 1966-1978. Unpublished letter report and map submitted to
Superintendent, Mount Rainier National Park, copied to Regional Archaeologist in Seattle. |
| 1988 |
Handwritten note and map sent to Regional Archaeologist Jim Thomson. |
| Daugherty, Richard D. |
| 1963 |
Archaeological Survey of Mount Rainier National Park. Unpublished manuscript on file at
Mount Rainier Park library in Longmire. Daugherty apparently was directed to the site by Terry
Patton. |
| Drake, Roger |
| 1996 |
Personal communication on the approximated location of the Yakama Trail on the eastern and
southern flank of Mount Rainier. |
| Drie-Miller, Joe |
| 1990 |
Credited by Janet Liddle with original discovery of the Tum Tum Peak Quarry in her site report
for 45PI410. Liddle's reconnaissance was part of the 1990 inventory effort directed by Rick
McClure. |
| Fabiani, Carl and Denise |
| 1995 |
Map and notes with approximate map location and description of personally observed prehistoric
and historic localities in Mount Rainier National Park. Material in possession of author and filed
at Mount Rainier National Park headquarters in Longmire. |
| Forrest, James H. |
| 1989 |
Archaeological Survey of Proposed Road Construction along Highway 410, Mount Rainier
National Park, Pierce County, Washington. Field Archaeologist report, North Cascades National
Park. Washington. |
| Henderson, Jan |
| 1970 |
Mount Rainier museum records for catalog numbers 8306 and 8307. |
| Jensen, Chris |
| 1987 |
Mount Rainier museum records for catalog number 8315. |
| Jensen, Chris and Steve Freitas |
| 1988 |
Credited with original observation of the original Tipsoo Lakes Site by Rick McClure on the
45PI406 site form. See site entry in this volume. |
| Osterhaus, Luke |
| 1990 |
Credited with original observation of the Sunrise Ridge Borrow Pit Site by Rick McClure on the
45PI408 site form. See site entry in this volume. |
| McClure, Richard H., Jr. |
| 1990 |
Series of site forms, field notes and organizational comments as part of a partially completed,
unpublished cultural resource inventory project for Mount Rainier National Park. Also included
are survey notes and site forms by Janet Liddle and Cari Kreshak. |
| Morrison, Jack |
| 1995 |
Personal communication on the approximated location of the Yakama Trail on the eastern and
southern flank of Mount Rainier. |
| Rice, David G. |
| 1965 |
Archaeological Test Excavations in Fryingpan Rockshelter, Mount Rainier National Park.
Washington State University Laboratory of Anthropology Report of Investigations No. 33.
Pullman. Manuscript on file at Mount Rainier Park library in Longmire. |
| Rice, David & Charles Nelson |
| 1963 |
Field notes related to the 1993 Washington State University / Mount Rainier National Park
archaeological inventory project directed by Reported in Daugherty (1963). |
| Richards, L.G. |
| 1930 |
Just Here and There. Mount Rainier Nature Notes. On file at Mount Rainier Park headquarters.
Longmire, Washington. This citation in Smith (1964:208 see below). |
| Schmoe, Floyd |
| 1920 |
Isolate is mentioned in Schmoe's A Year in Paradise first published in 1926. Revised edition in 1967, published by Charles E. Tuttle Co. Publishers. Rutland, Vermont. |
| 1925 |
Our Greatest Mountain: A Handbook for Mount Rainier National Park. Putnam. New York. This
citation in Smith (1964:207-208 see below). |
| Smith Allan H. |
| 1964 |
Ethnographic Guide to the Archaeology of Mount Rainier National Park. Draft report prepared
for National Park Service. Washington State University. Pullman. Formal report publication
anticipated by National Park Service, Columbia Cascades System Support Office. Seattle. |
| Teague, George |
| 1981 |
Paradise Treatment Plant Archaeological Clearance Survey Form. Internal Mount Rainier
National Park document with project specific maps. |
| Thompson, Mike |
| 1986 |
Personal communication reported in Bergland 1986. |
| Thompson, Peter |
| 1986 |
Personal communication reported in Bergland 1986. |
|