List of Figures

Cover

Foreword

Acknowledgments

Introduction

Chapter 1. EXPLORATIONS, IMPRESSIONS, AND EXCAVATIONS
The Prehistoric Ruins of the Verde Valley in the Nineteenth Century

Chapter 2. THREATS AND RESPONSES
The Preservation and Protection of Ruins in the Verde Valley

Chapter 3. A CHALLENGE IN PRESERVATION
The Early Management of the Monument

Chapter 4. THE JACKSON YEARS
The Protection, Development, and Promotion of Montezuma Castle National Monument

Chapter 5. MOVING ON UP
The Modern Development of the Monument

Chapter 6. WITHIN A CHANGING LANDSCAPE
Managing the Natural Resources of the Monument

Chapter 7. FOR FUTURE GENERATIONS
Cultural Resource Management at the Monument

Appendix A. Montezuma Castle National Monument Annual Recreational Visitation

Appendix B. 1906 Establishment Proclamation

Appendix C. 1937 Proclamation Expanding Monument Boundaries

Appendix D. 1943 Addition of Montezuma Well Property to the Monument

Appendix E. 1959 Revision of Monument Boundaries

Appendix F. 1978 Boundary Changes

Index (omitted from the on-line edition)

Figure 1. Site location map.

Figure 2. Routes of Espejo and Farfán to the mines.

Figure 3. Sketch of Montezuma Well by Edward Palmer, ca. 1866.

Figure 4. Picnic at Montezuma Well, ca. 1875.

Figure 5. Ruins along the rim of Montezuma Well in the late 1890s.

Figure 6. Sketch of Montezuma Castle from 1878.

Figure 7. Picnic party in front of Montezuma Castle prior to 1897.

Figure 8. Montezuma Well and cliff dwellings.

Figure 9. Rothrock's advertisement for his photography studio painted at Montezuma Well.

Figure 10. Montezuma Castle in 1896.

Figure 11. S. L. Palmer excavating burials from the midden on the ledge on Level 2 of the Castle.

Figure 12. Montezuma Castle in the late 1890s.

Figure 13. Hand-tinted postcard of Montezuma Castle.

Figure 14. Hand-tinted postcard of Montezuma Well.

Figure 15. Views of needed repairs at Montezuma Castle, ca. 1914.

Figure 16. Weakened sections of Montezuma Castle, ca. 1916.

Figure 17. Panoramic view looking westward along the face of the Castle ruins.

Figure 18. Repairing the Castle walls, ca. mid-1920s.

Figure 19. Shelter cabin and later monument museum.

Figure 20. Castle A from the east, after the second tier of rooms was cleaned.

Figure 21. Castle A ruins in the process of being cleaned.

Figure 22. Proposed tunnel at Montezuma Castle.

Figure 23. Stabilization plans, ca. 1938.

Figure 24. Custodian Earl Jackson showing Montezuma Castle to a visitor.

Figure 25. Panoramic view of Mr. Back's ranch at Montezuma Well.

Figure 26. The Montezuma Well museum with Ranger Albert Schroeder in doorway, and the old log smokehouse and Back residence.

Figure 27. Superintendent John O. Cook pointing out the details of the new Castle model, and the model shelter after remodeling in 1958.

Figure 28. Example of the high visitation to the monument during the late 1950s.

Figure 29. Image of Montezuma Castle used in an advertisement for Malco Gasoline.

Figure 30. Front page of the Verde Independent celebrating the dedication of the new Montezuma Castle visitor center building.

Figure 31. The new apartment building at Montezuma Castle, one of the modern-style Mission 66 developments at the monument.

Figure 32. Proposed development changes at the Montezuma Castle unit.

Figure 33. Proposed development changes at the Montezuma Well unit.

Figure 34. Environmental impact of mining in the Jerome area.

Figure 35. Verde Crossing, showing the intensity of grazing in the Verde Valley, 19 May 1901.

Figure 36. H. J. Charbonneau and monument staff preparing for diving research at Montezuma Well.

Figure 37. Joint water users' ditch cleaning project at Montezuma Well, and traces of the prehistoric ditch in the bottom of the modern ditch located during the ditch-cleaning project.

Figure 38. Burro from neighboring lands looking for water in a prehistoric irrigation ditch.

Figure 39. Montezuma Castle National Monument Environmental Backdrop Unit.

Figure 40. Photograph of Yavapai domed brush houses by A. F. Randall, before March 1888.

Figure 41. Camp Verde Indian Reserve, map on file at the Bureau of Land Managment Office, Phoenix.

Figure 42. Pit House 3 after excavation. 217

Figure 43. 1996 stabilization project crew.

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Copyright © 2002 by Josh Protas
Published by Western National Parks Association, Tucson, Arizona
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Protas, Josh. A past preserved in stone : a history of Montezuma Castle / Josh Protas
     p. cm.
     Includes bibliographical references and index.
     ISBN 1-58369-019-0
     1. Montezuma Castle (Ariz.) 2. Montezuma Castle National Monument (Ariz.)History. 3. Sinagua culture. I. Title.
     E99.S547 P76     2001
     979.1'57dc21
          2001042950

Written by Josh Protas
Edited by Abby Mogollón
Designed by Bill Benoit
Printing by Cushing-Malloy Inc.
Printed on recycled paper with inks from renewable resources

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