National Park Service
Kiva, Crown, Crown
Contents

Foreword
Preface

The Invaders
1540-1542

The New Mexico: Preliminaries to Conquest
1542-1595

Oñate's Disenchantment
1595-1617

The "Christianization" of Pecos
1617-1659

The Shadow of the Inquisition
1659-1680

Their Own Worst Enemies
1680-1704

Pecos and the Friars
1704-1794

Pecos, the Plains, and the Provincias Internas
1704-1794

Toward Extinction
1794-1840

Epilogue

Abbreviations
Notes
Bibliography

bibliography

Archives and Collections

Archives of the Archdiocese of Santa Fe, Albuquerque (AASF)

Archivo General de Indias, Sevilla, Spain (AGI)

Audiencia de Guadalajara (Guad.)
Audiencia de Mexico (Mex.)
Contaduría
Contratación
Justicia
Patronato

Archivo General de la Nación, Mexico (AGN)

Californias
Civil
Historia
Inquisición (Inq.)
Provincias Internas (PI)
Reales Cédulas
Tierras

Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley (BL)

Bolton Research Papers (BRP)
Mexican Manuscripts (M-M)
New Mexico Originals (NMO)

Biblioteca Naciónal, Mexico (BNM)

Archivo Franciscano, New Mexico Documents

Cathedral Archive, Durango, Mexico

Dirección General de Geografín y Meteorolgía, Tacubaya, Mex.

Colleción de Orozco y Berra

Huntington Library, San Marino, California (HL)

Ritch Collection (Ritch)

Newberry Library, Chicago

Ayer Collection

State Records Center and Archives, Santa Fe

Mexican Archives of New Mexico (MANM)
Spanish Archives of New Mexico (SANM)
     Series I
     Series II
Surveyor General of New Mexico (SGNM)

University of New Mexico, Zimmerman Library

Special Collections

University of Texas Library, Austin

Latin American Manuscripts

Books, Articles, and Miscellaneous Works

Abel, Annie Heloise, The Official Correspondence of James S. Calhoun, Washington, D.C., Office of Indian Affairs, 1915.

Abert, J. W., Report of Lieut. J. W. Abert of His Examination of New Mexico, in the Years 1846-1847, 30th Cong., 1st sess., House Ex. Doc. No. 41, Washington, D.C., Wendell and Van Benthuysen, 1848.

______, Western America in 1846-1847: The Original Travel Diary of Lieutenant J. W. Abert, who mapped New Mexico for the United States Army, ed. John Galvin, San Francisco, John Howell Books, 1966.

Adams, Eleanor B., Bishop Tamarón's Visitation of New Mexico, 1760, Albuquerque, Historical Society of New Mexico, 1954.

______, "Fray Silvestre and the Obstinate Hopi," New Mexico Historical Review, vol. 38 (1963), pp. 97-138.

______, ed., "Letter to the Missionaries of New Mexico," by Fray Silvestre Vélez de Escalante, 1777, New Mexico Historical Review, vol. 40 (1965), pp. 319-35.

Adams, Eleanor B., and Fray Angelico Chávez, The Missions of New Mexico, 1776: A Description by Fray Francisco Atanasio Dominguez with Other Contemporary Documents, Albuquerque, University of New Mexico Press, 1956, 1976.

Adams, Eleanor B., and John E. Longhurst, "New Mexico and the Sack of Rome: One Hundred Years Later," New Mexico Historical Review, vol. 28 (1953), pp. 243-50.

Autos sobre quejas de los religiosos franciscanos del Nuevo México, 1636, ed. Vargas Rea, México, 1947.

Bailey, Jessie Bromilow, Diego de Vargas and the Reconquest of New Mexico, Albuquerque, University of New Mexico Press, 1940.

Bakewell, Peter John, Silver Mining and Society in Colonial Mexico, Zacatecas, 1546-1700, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1971.

Bancroft, Hubert Howe, History of Arizona and New Mexico, 1530-1888, San Francisco, The History Company, 1889, Albuquerque, Horn and Wallace, 1962.

Bandelier, Adolph F., Final Report of Investigations among the Indians of the Southwestern United States, Carried on Mainly in the Years from 1880 to 1885, 2 vols., Papers of the Archaeological Institute of America, American Series, Vols. 3 and 4, Cambridge, Mass., John Wilson and Son, 1890-1892.

______, "The 'Montezuma' of the Pueblo Indians," American Anthropologist, vol. 5 (1892), pp. 319-26.

______, The Southwestern Journals of Adolph F. Bandelier, 1880-1882, ed. Charles H. Lange and Carroll L. Riley, Albuquerque, University of New Mexico Press, 1966, 1883-1884, 1970, 1885-1888, and Elizabeth M. Lange, 1975.

______, "A Visit to the Aboriginal Ruins in the Valley of the Rio Pecos," Papers of the Archaeological Institute of America, American Series, Vol. 1, Boston, A. Williams and Co., 1881, pp. 35-135.

Bannon, John Francis, ed., Bolton and the Spanish Borderlands, Norman, University of Oklahoma Press, 1964.

______, The Spanish Borderlands Frontier, 1513-1821, Albuquerque, University of New Mexico Press, 1970.

Barker, S. Omar, "Pecos Ruins: Newest National Monument," New Mexico Magazine, vol. 44 (June-July 1966), pp. 30-31, 38.

Benavides, Alonso de, Benavides' Memorial of 1630, trans. Peter P. Forrestal, ed. Cyprian J. Lynch, Washington, D.C., Academy of American Franciscan History, 1954.

______, Fray Alonso de Benavides' Revised Memorial of 1634, eds. Frederick Webb Hodge, George P. Hammond, and Agapito Rey, Albuquerque, University of New Mexico Press, 1945.

______, The Memorial of Fray Alonso de Benavides, 1630, trans. Mrs. Edward E. Ayer, Chicago, privately printed, 1916.

Benes, Ronald J., "Anza and Concha in New Mexico, 1787-1793: A Study in New Colonial Techniques," Journal of the West, vol. 4 (1965), pp. 63-76.

Bloom, Lansing B., Early Vaccination in New Mexico, Publications of the Historical Society of New Mexico, no. 27, Santa Fe, Santa Fe New Mexican Publishing Corp., 1924.

______, ed., "Fray Estevan de Perea's Relación," New Mexico Historical Review, vol. 8 (1933), pp. 211-35.

______, "Who Discovered New Mexico?," New Mexico Historical Review, vol. 15 (1940), pp. 101-32.

Bloom, Lansing B., and Lynn B. Mitchell, "The Chapter Elections in 1672," New Mexico Historical Review, vol. 13 (1938), pp. 85-119.

Bolton, Herbert E., Coronado, Knight of Pueblos and Plains, Albuquerque, University of New Mexico Press, 1949.

______, "French Intrusions into New Mexico, 1749-1752," in John Francis Bannon, ed., Bolton and the Spanish Borderlands, Norman, University of Oklahoma Press, 1964, pp. 154-63.

______, Guide to Materials for the History of the United States in the Principal Archives of Mexico, Washington, D.C., Carnegie Institution, 1913, New York, Kraus Reprint, 1965.

______, "The Mission as a Frontier Institution in the Spanish-American Colonies," American Historical Review, vol. 23 (1917), pp. 42-61.

______, Pageant in the Wilderness: The Story of the Escalante Expedition to the Interior Basin, 1776, Salt Lake City, Utah State Historical Society, 1950.

______, Spanish Exploration in the Southwest, 1542-1706, New York, Charles Scribner's Sons, 1908, Barnes and Noble, 1967.

______, Texas in the Middle Eighteenth Century: Studies in Spanish Colonial History and Administration, Berkeley, University of California Press, 1915, and reprint, Austin, University of Texas Press, 1970.

Bourke, John G., "Bourke on the Southwest," ed. Lansing B. Bloom, New Mexico Historical Review, vols. 8-13 (1933-1938), passim.

Bowden, Henry Warner, "Spanish Missions, Cultural Conflict and the Pueblo Revolt of 1680," Church History, vol. 44 (1975), pp. 217-28.

Boyd, E., Popular Arts of Spanish New Mexico, Santa Fe, Museum of New Mexico, 1974.

Brinckerhoff, Sidney B., and Odie B. Faulk, Lancers for the King, A Study of the Frontier Military System of Northern New Spain, With a Translation of the Royal Regulations of 1772, Phoenix, Arizona Historical Foundation, 1965.

Brugge, David M., "Pueblo Factionalism and External Relations," Ethnohistory, vol. 16 (1969), pp. 191-200.

______, Some Plains Indians in the Church Records of New Mexico," Plains Anthropologist, vol. 10 (1965), pp. 181-89.

Carroll, H. Bailey, and J. Villasana Haggard, eds., Three New Mexico Chronicles, Albuquerque, The Quivira Society, 1942.

Castañeda, Pedro de. See Winship; also Hammond and Rey, Narratives.

Catlin, George, North American Indians: Being Letters and Notes on Their Manners, Customs, and Conditions, Written during Eight Years' Travel amongst the Wildest Tribes of Indians in North America, 1832-1839, 2 vols., Edinburgh, John Grant, 1926.

Caywood, Louis R., The Restored Mission of Nuestra Senora de Guadalupe de Zuñi, Zuñi, New Mexico, St. Michaels, Arizona, St. Michael's Press, 1972.

______, The Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine, vol. 25-26 (Nov. 1882-Oct. 1883).

Chapman, Charles E., Catalogue of Materials in the Archivo General de Indias for the History of the Pacific Coast and the American Southwest, Berkeley, University of California Press, 1919.

Chávez, Fray Angelico, Archives of the Archdiocese of Santa Fe, 1678-1900, Washington, D.C., Academy of American Franciscan History, 1957.

______, "The Carpenter Pueblo," New Mexico Magazine, vol. 49 (Sept-Oct. 1971), pp. 26-33.

______, Coronado's Friars, Washington, D.C., Academy of American Franciscan History, 1968.

______, "The Gallegos Relación Reconsidered," New Mexico Historical Review, vol. 23 (1948), pp. 1-21.

______, "La Jornada del Muerto," New Mexico Magazine, vol. 52 (Sept.-Oct. 1974), pp. 34-35.

______, Origins of New Mexico Families in the Spanish Colonial Period, Santa Fe, Historical Society of New Mexico, 1954.

______,ed., The Oroz Codex, Washington, D.C., Academy of American Franciscan History, 1972.

______, Pohé-yemo's Representative and the Pueblo Revolt of 1680," New Mexico Historical Review, vol. 42 (1967), pp. 85-126.

______, Some Original New Mexico Documents in California Libraries," New Mexico Historical Review, vol. 25 (1950), pp. 244-53.

______, The Unique Tomb of Fathers Zárate and de la Llana in Santa Fe," New Mexico Historical Review, vol. 40, pp. 101-15.

Chevalier, François, Land and Society in Colonial Mexico: The Great Hacienda, trans. Alvin Eustis, ed. Lesley Byrd Simpson, Berkeley and Los Angeles, University of California Press, 1966.

Coke, Van Deren, Taos and Santa Fe: The Artist's Environment, 1882-1942, Albuquerque, University of New Mexico Press, 1963.

Colleción de documentos inéditos relativos al descubrimiento, conquista y organización de las antiguas posesiones españolas de América y Oceanía, 42 vols., Madrid, 1864-84.

Cumberland, Charles C., Mexico: The Struggle for Modernity, New York, Oxford University Press, 1968.

Curtis, Edward S., The North American Indian, vol. 17, Norwood, Mass., The Plimpton Press, 1926.

Cutts, James Madison, The Conquest of California and New Mexico by the Forces of the United States in the Years 1846 and 1847, Philadelphia, Carey and Hart, 1847, Albuquerque, Horn and Wallace, 1965.

Day, A. Grove, Coronado's Quest: The Discovery of the Southwestern States, Berkeley and Los Angeles, University of Cali fornia Press, 1940.

Diaz, Albert James, A Guide to the Microfilm of Papers relating to New Mexico Land Grants, Albuquerque, University of New Mexico Press, 1960.

Documentos para la historia de Méjico, 21 vols., Mexico, J. R. Navarro, 1853-1857.

Documentos para servir a la historia del Nuevo México, 1538-1778, Madrid, Ediciones José Porrúa Turanzas, 1962.

Domínguez. See Adams and Chávez.

Donohue, John Augustine, After Kino, Jesuit Missions in Northwestern New Spain, 1711-1767, Rome and St. Louis, Jesuit Historical Institute, 1969.

Dozier, Edward P., The Pueblo Indians of North America, New York, Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1970.

______, "Spanish-Catholic Influences on Rio Grande Pueblo Religion," American Anthropologist, vol. 60 (1958), pp. 441-48.

Ellis, Florence Hawley, A Reconstruction of the Basic Jémez Pattern of Social Organization, with Comparisons to Other Tanoan Social Structures, Albuquerque, University of New Mexico Press, 1964.

Emory, W. H., Notes of a Military Reconnaissance from Fort Leavenworth, in Missouri, to San Diego, in California, including part of the Arkansas, Del Norte, and Gila Rivers, 30th Cong., 1st sess., House Ex. Doc. No. 41, Washington, D.C., Wendell and Van Benthuysen, 1848.

Espinosa, Isidro Félix de, Crónica de los Colegios de Propaganda Fide de la Nueva España, ed. Lino Gómez Canedo, Washington, D.C., Academy of American Franciscan History, 1964.

Espinosa, J. Manuel, Crusaders of the Río Grande: The Story of Don Diego de Vargas and the Reconquest and Ref ounding of New Mexico, Chicago, Institute of Jesuit History, 1942.

______, ed., First Expedition of Vargas into New Mexico, 1692, Albuquerque, University of New Mexico Press, 1940.

______, "Our Debt to the Franciscan Missionaries of New Mexico," The Americas, vol. 1 (1944), pp. 79-87.

Falconer, Thomas, Letters and Notes on the Texan Santa Fe Expedition, 1841-1842, ed. F. W. Hodge, New York, Dauber and Pine Bookshops, 1930.

Field. See Sunder.

Folmer, Henry, "Contraband Trade between Louisiana and New Mexico in the Eighteenth Century," New Mexico Historical Review, vol. 16 (1941), pp. 249-74.

______, Franco-Spanish Rivalry in North America, 1524-1763, Glendale, Calif., Arthur H. Clark, 1953.

Forbes, Jack D., Apache, Navaho, and Spaniard, Norman, University of Oklahoma Press, 1960.

García Icazbalceta, Joaquín, ed., Códice franciscano (Nueva colección de documentos para la historia de México), vol. 2, Mexico, Editorial Salvador Chávez Hayhoe, 1941.

Gibson, Charles, The Aztecs under Spanish Rule, A History of the Indians of the Valley of Mexico, 1519-1810, Stanford, Stanford University Press, 1964.

______, ed., The Spanish Tradition in America, New York, Harper and Row, 1968.

Gómez, Canedo, Lino, Los archivos de la historia de América, período colonial español, 2 vols., México, Instituto Panamericano de Geografín e Historia, 1961.

Greenleaf, Richard E., "Land and Water in Mexico and New Mexico 1700-1821," New Mexico Historical Review, vol. 47 (1972), pp. 85-112.

______, "The Mexican Inquisition and the Enlightenment, 1763-1805," New Mexico Historical Review, vol. 41 (1966), pp. 181-96.

Gregg, Josiah, Commerce of the Prairies, ed. Max L. Moorhead, Norman, University of Oklahoma Press, 1954.

Gunnerson, Dolores A., The Jicarilla Apaches: A Study in Survival, DeKalb, Northern Illinois University Press, 1974.

______, "The Southern Athabascans: Their Arrival in the Southwest," El Palacio, vol. 63 (1956), pp. 346-65.

Gunnerson, James H., and Dolores A. Gunnerson, "Evidence of Apaches at Pecos," El Palacio, vol. 76, no. 3 (1970), pp. 1-6.

Hackett, Charles Wilson, ed., Historical Documents Relating to New Mexico, Nueva Vizcaya, and Approaches Thereto, to 1773, Collected by Adolph F. A. Bandelier and Fanny R. Bandelier, 3 vols., Washington, D.C., Carnegie Institution, 1923-1937.

______, ed., Pichardo's Treatise on the Limits of Louisiana and Texas, 4 vols., Austin, University of Texas Press, 1931-1946.

______, ed., and Charmion Clair Shelby, trans., Revolt of the Pueblo Indians of New Mexico and Otermín's Attempted Reconquest, 1680-1682, 2 vols., Albuquerque, University of New Mexico Press, 1942, 1970.

Hall, Em, A Study of Pecos Lands, in progress.

Hammond, George P., ed., A Guide to the Manuscript Collections of the Bancroft Library, vol. 2 (Mexican and Central American Manuscripts), Berkeley and Los Angeles, University of California Press, 1972.

Hammond, George P., and Agapito Rey, Don Juan de Oñate, Colonizer of New Mexico, 1595-1628, 2 vols., Albuquerque, University of New Mexico Press, 1953.

______, Narratives of the Coronado Expedition 1540-1542, Albuquerque, University of New Mexico Press, 1940.

______, Obregón's History of 16th Century Explorations in Western America, Los Angeles, Wetzel Publishing Company, 1928.

______, The Rediscovery of New Mexico, 1580-1594, Albuquerque, University of New Mexico, 1966.

Hanke, Lewis, Aristotle and the American Indians: A Study in Race Prejudice in the Modern World, Bloomington, Indiana University Press, 1959.

______, The Spanish Struggle for Justice in the Conquest of America, Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1949.

Harrington, John Peabody, "The Ethnogeography of the Tewa Indians," Twenty-Ninth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology, Washington, D.C., Government Printing Office, 1916, pp. 29-636.

Hawley, Florence M., "The Role of Pueblo Social Organization in the Dissemination of Catholicism," American Anthropologist, vol. 48 (1946), pp. 407-15.

Hayes, Alden C., The Four Churches of Pecos, Albuquerque, University of New Mexico Press, 1974.

Hewett, Edgar L., "Studies on the Extinct Pueblo of Pecos," American Anthropologist, vol. 6 (1904), pp. 426-39. Extracted as "The Last Survivor of Pecos," Records of the Past, vol. 4 (1905), pp. 54-57.

Hewett, Edgar L., and Reginald G. Fisher, Mission Monuments of New Mexico, Albuquerque, University of New Mexico Press, 1943.

Hodge, Frederick Webb, ed., Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico, 2 parts, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin 30, Washington, D.C., Government Printing Office, 1907-19 10.

Holden, Jane, "A Preliminary Report on Arrowhead Ruin," El Palacio, vol. 62 (1955), pp. 102-19.

Hooton, Earnest A., The Indians of Pecos Pueblo: A Study of Their Skeletal Remains, New Haven, Yale University Press, 1930.

Icaza, Francisco A. de, Conquistadores y pobladores de Nueva España: diccionario autobiográfico, 2 vols., Madrid, Imprenta de "El Adelantado de Segovia," 1923.

James, Thomas, Three Years Among the Indians and Mexicans, Philadelphia and New York, J. B. Lippincott Co., 1962.

Jenkins, Myra Ellen, Calendar of the Microfilm Edition of the Mexican Archives of New Mexico, 1821-1846, Santa Fe, State of New Mexico Records Center, 1970.

______, "Spanish Land Grants in the Tewa Area," New Mexico Historical Review, vol. 47 (1972), pp. 113-34.

______, et al., Calendar of the Spanish Archives of New Mexico, 1621-1821, Santa Fe, State of New Mexico Records Center, 1968.

______, et al., Guide to the Microfilm Edition of the Mexican Archives of New Mexico, 1821-1846, Santa Fe, State of New Mexico Records Center, 1969.

______, et al., Guide to the Microfilm of the Spanish Archives of New Mexico, 1621-1821, Santa Fe, State of New Mexico Records Center, 1967.

John Elizabeth A. H., Storms Brewed in Other Men's Worlds: The Confrontation of Indians, Spanish, and French in the Southwest, 1540-1795, College Station, Texas A & M Press, 1975.

Jones, Oakah L., Pueblo Warriors and Spanish Conquest, Norman, University of Oklahoma Press, 1966.

Kelley, J. Charles, "Factors Involved in the Abandonment of Certain Peripheral Southwestern Settlements," American Anthropologist, vol. 54 (1952), pp. 356-87.

Kelly, Daniel T., The Buffalo Head, A Century of Mercantile Pioneering in the Southwest, Santa Fe, The Vergara Publishing Co., 1972.

Kelly, Henry W., Franciscan Missions of New Mexico, 1740-1760, Albuquerque, University of New Mexico Press, 1941.

Kendrick, T. D., Mary of Ágreda: The Life and Legend of a Spanish Nun, London, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1967.

Kenner, Charles L., A History of New Mexican-Plains Indian Relations, Norman, University of Oklahoma Press, 1969.

Kessell, John L., "Campaigning on the Upper Gila, 1756," New Mexico Historical Review, vol. 46 (1971), 133-60.

______, "Diego Romero, the Plains Apaches, and the Inquisition," The American West, vol. 15, no. 3 (May-June 1978), pp. 12-16.

______, The Missions of New Mexico since 1776, Albuquerque, University of New Mexico Press, in press.

Kidder, Alfred Vincent, The Artifacts of Pecos, New Haven, Yale University Press, 1932.

______, "The Condition of the Main Pecos Ruin," El Palacio, vol. 4 (1917), pp. 18-21.

______, "A Design Sequence from New Mexico," Proceedings, National Academy of Science, vol. 3 (1917), pp. 369-70.

______, "Early Pecos Ruins on the Forked Lightning Ranch," El Palacio, vol. 21(1926), pp. 275-83.

______, An Introduction to the Study of Southwestern Archaeology with a Preliminary Account of the Excavations at Pecos, rev. ed., New Haven, Yale University Press, 1962.

______, "The Old North Pueblo of Pecos," El Palacio, vol. 4 (1917), pp. 13-17.

______, Pecos, New Mexico: Archaeological Notes, Andover, Phillips Academy, 1958.

______, "Pecos Pueblo," El Palacio, vol. 58 (1951), pp. 83-89.

______, "A Pipe of Unique Form from Pecos, New Mexico," Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation, Indian Notes, vol. 5 (1928), pp. 293-95.

______, "The Pueblo of Pecos," El Palacio, vol. 3 (1916), pp. 43-49.

______, "Southwestern Archeological Conference," Science, n.s., vol. 66 (1927), pp. 489-91.

Kidder, Alfred Vincent, and Charles A. Amsden, The Pottery of Pecos, vol. 1, Phillips Academy, Papers of the Southwest Expedition, vol. 5, 1931.

Kidder, Alfred Vincent, and Anna Shepard, The Pottery of Pecos, vol. 2, Phillips Academy, Papers of the Southwest Expedition, vol. 7, 1936.

Kidder, M. A., and Alfred Vincent Kidder, "Notes on the Pottery of Pecos," American Anthropologist, vol. 19, (1917), pp. 325-60.

Kubler, George, The Rebuilding of San Miguel at Santa Fe in 1710, Colorado Springs, The Taylor Museum, 1939.

______, The Religious Architecture of New Mexico in the Colonial Period and Since the American Occupation, 4th ed., Albuquerque, University of New Mexico Press, 1972.

LaFora, Nicolás de, Relación del viaje que hizo a los presidios internos situados en la frontera de la América Septentrional perteneciente al Rey de España, ed. Vito Alessio Robles, México, Editorial Pedro Robredo, 1939. Translated and edited by Lawrence Kinnaird as The Frontiers of New Spain: Nicolás de LaFora's Description, 1766-1768, Berkeley, Quivira Society, 1958.

Lambert, Marjorie F., Paa-ko, Archaeological Chronicle of an Indian Village in North Central New Mexico, Santa Fe, School of American Research, 1954.

______, "A Rare Stone Humpbacked Figurine from Pecos, New Mexico," El Palacio, vol. 64 (1957), pp. 93-108.

Lange, Charles H., Cochiti, A New Mexico Pueblo, Past and Present, Carbondale, Southern Illinois University Press, 1968.

______, "Plains-Southwestern Intercultural Relations during the Historic Period," Ethnohistory, vol. 4 (1957), pp. 150-73.

______, "A Reappraisal of Evidence of Plains Influences among the Rio Grande Pueblos," Southwestern Journal of Anthropology, vol. 9 (1953), pp. 212-30.

Leonard, Irving A., Baroque Times in Old Mexico: Seventeenth-Century Persons, Places, and Practices, Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Press, 1966.

Libro de entradas y profesiones de novicios de este convento de Padre San Francisco de Mexico, 1562-1680 (LEP), Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley, Mexican Manuscripts 216-218.

Loomis, Noel M., and Abraham P. Nasatir, Pedro Vial and the Roads to Santa Fe, Norman, University of Oklahoma Press, 1967.

Lowie, Robert H., Indians of the Plains, Garden City, N.Y., The Natural History Press, 1963.

Lummis, Charles Fletcher, The Man Who Married the Moon and Other Pueblo Indian Folk-stories, New York, The Century Co., 1894.

[Lummis, Charles Fletcher, ed.,] "Some Unpublished History: A New Mexican Episode in 1748," Land of Sunshine, vol. 8 (Jan. 1898), pp. 74-78, (Feb. 1898), pp. 126-30.

Maas, Otto, Las órdenes religiosas de España y la colonización de América en la segunda parte del siglo XVIII: estadísticas y otros documentos, 2 vols., Barcelona, 1918 and 1929.

Madoz, Pascual, Diccionario geográfico-estidístico-histórico de España y sus posesiones de ultramar, 16 vols., Madrid, 1845-1850.

McCarty, Kieran R., "Los franciscanos en la frontera chichimeca," Historia Mexicana, vol. 11 (1962), pp. 321-60.

McCloskey, Michael B., The Formative Years of the Missionary College of Santa Cruz of Querétaro, 1683-1733, Washington, D.C., Academy of American Franciscan History, 1955.

Mecham, J. Lloyd, Francisco de Ibarra and Nueva Vizcaya, Durham, N.C., Duke University Press, 1927.

Mendinueta, Pedro Fermín de, Indian and Mission Affairs in New Mexico, 1773, ed. Marc Simmons, Santa Fe, Stagecoach Press, 1965.

Meyer, Theodosius, St. Francis and the Franciscans in New Mexico, Santa Fe, Historical Society of New Mexico, 1926.

Miller, Robert Ryal, ed., "New Mexico in Mid-Eighteenth Century: A Report Based on Governor Vélez Cachupín's Inspection," Southwestern Historical Quarterly, vol. 79 (1975-1976), pp. 166-81.

Montgomery, Ross G., Watson Smith, and John O. Brew, Franciscan Awatovi, Cambridge, Mass., Peabody Museum, 1949.

Moorhead, Max L., The Apache Frontier: Jacobo Ugarte and Spanish-Indian Relations in Northern New Spain, 1769-1791, Norman, University of Oklahoma Press, 1968.

______, New Mexico's Royal Road: Trade and Travel on the Chihuahua Trail, Norman, University of Oklahoma Press, 1958.

______, The Presidio: Bastion of the Spanish Borderlands, Norman, University of Oklahoma Press, 1975.

Morfi, Juan Agustín de, Diario y derrotero (1771-1781), eds. Eugenio del Hoyo and Malcolm D. McLean, Monterrey, Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores, 1967.

Nasatir, Abraham P., Borderland in Retreat: From Spanish Louisiana to the Far Southwest, Albuquerque, University of New Mexico Press, 1976.

Navarro García, Luis, Don José de Gálvez y la Comandancia General de las Provincias Internas del Norte de Nueva España, Sevilla, Escuela de Estudios Hispano-Americanos, 1964.

______, Las Provincias Internas en el siglo XIX, Sevilla, Escuela de Estudios Hispano-Americanos, 1965.

Nelson, C. T., "The Teeth of the Indians of Pecos Pueblo," American Journal of Physical Anthropology, vol. 23 (1938), pp. 261-94.

Ocaranza, Fernando, Establecimientos franciscanos en el misterioso reino de Nuevo México, México, 1934.

Opler, Morris E., Review of Gunnerson's The Jicarilla Apaches in Plains Anthropologist, vol. 20 (1975), pp. 150-57.

Ortiz, Alfonso, The Tewa World: Space, Time, Being, and Becoming in A Pueblo Society. Chicago, The University of Chicago Press, 1969.

Parsons, Elsie Clews, The Pueblo of Jémez, New Haven, Yale University Press, 1925.

Paso y Troncoso, Francisco del, Epistolario de Nueva España, 1505-1818, 16 vols., México, Antigua Librería Robredo, 1939-1942.

Peabody, Charles, "A Prehistoric Wind Instrument from Pecos, New Mexico," American Anthropologist, vol. 19 (1917), pp. 30-33.

Pérez de Villagrá. See Villagrá.

Pike, Albert, Prose Sketches and Poems Written in the Western Country. ed. David J. Weber, Albuquerque, Calvin Horn Publisher, 1967.

Pino. See Carroll and Haggard.

Polzer, Charles W., "The Franciscan Entrada into Sonora, 1645-1652: A Jesuit Chronicle," Arizona and the West, vol. 14 (1972), pp. 253-78.

Poole, Stafford, "'War by Fire and Blood,' The Church and the Chichimecas 1585," The Americas, vol. 22 (1965), pp. 115-37

Powell, Philip Wayne, "Franciscans on the Silver Frontier of Old Mexico," The Americas, vol. 3 (1947), pp. 295-310.

______, Ponzoña en las nieves, Madrid, Ediciones José Porrúa Turanzas, 1966.

______, Soldiers, Indians, and Silver: The Northward Advance of New Spain, 1550-1600, Berkeley and Los Angeles, University of California Press, 1952.

Priestley, Herbert Ingram, José de Gálvez: Visitor-General of New Spain, 1765-1771, Berkeley, University of California Press, 1916.

______, Tristán de Luna, Conquistador of the Old South, Glendale, Arthur H. Clark, 1936.

Prince, L. Bradford, Spanish Mission Churches of New Mexico, Cedar Rapids, The Torch Press, 1915.

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