Contents
Foreword
Preface
The Invaders
1540-1542
The New Mexico: Preliminaries to Conquest
1542-1595
Oñate's Disenchantment
1595-1617
The "Christianization" of Pecos
1617-1659
The Shadow of the Inquisition
1659-1680
Their Own Worst Enemies
1680-1704
Pecos and the Friars
1704-1794
Pecos, the Plains, and the Provincias Internas
1704-1794
Toward Extinction
1794-1840
Epilogue
Abbreviations
Notes
Bibliography
|
Abbreviations: G, identified as guardian of
convento at Pecos; M, Mexico City; NM, New Mexico; P, Puebla; SC, San
Cosine; Sp, Spain; V, died violently.
| FRIAR | BORN | PROFESSED | TO NEW
MEXICO |
AT PECOS | DIED | REMARKS |
|---|
| Juan de Padilla | Andalucía, Sp (to New Sp 1529) |
|
1540 | 1540, 1541, 1542 | 1542, Quivira, V | Co-discoverer of Pecos with Hernando de Alvarado |
| Luis de Ubeda | Sp (to New Sp 1534) |
|
1540 | 1541, 1542-? | ?, NM | Left at Pecos by Coronado |
| Francisco de San Miguel | c. 1530 | Apr. 18, 1571, P |
1598 | Sept.-Dec. 1598 | after 1602 | Built first church at Pecos? |
| Pedro Zambrano Ortiz, G | c. 1586, Canary Is. | Oct. 27, 1610, M |
1616 | c. 1617-c. 1620 | after 1636 | Built first Pecos convento |
| Pedro de Ortega, G | Mar., 1593, M | May 8, 1612, M |
1618 | c. 1620-late 1621 | c. 1632, NM, V? | Broke up Pecos "idols;" began massive second
church |
| Andrés Juárez, G | c. 1582, Fuente ovejuna, Córdoba, Sp | Dec. 5, 1609, M |
1612 | late 1621-34 | after 1647, NM? | Built greater part of, and completed, second church
and convento; introduced carpentry; linguist; longest term missionary
at Pecos |
| Domingo del Espíritu Santo, G |
|
|
| 1635 | before 1659, NM |
|
| Antonio de Ibargaray, G | c. 1602, Bilbao, Vizcaya, Sp | Jan. 20, 1630, P |
1634 | 1636-? | Still alive in Feb. 1668, NM? |
Later custos and oldest friar in the custody |
| Antonio Jiménez, lay bro. |
|
|
| 1638 |
| "Arrested" by Gov. Rosas |
| Juan González, G | c. 1604, Luarca, Asturias, Sp | Jan. 27, 1624, P |
by 1644 | ?-1662 |
| Ex-custos |
| Alonso de Posada, G | c. 1626, Congosto, León, Sp | c. Oct. 20, 1647, M |
by 1653 | 1662-65 | after 1686, M? | Custos and agent of the Inquisition; arrested at Pecos by Gov.
Peñalosa |
| Juan de la Chica |
|
|
before 1659 | 1663 | after 1668, NM? | Present at Posada's arrest |
| Nicolás de Echevarría, G | c. 1616, Sierra de Pinos, Zacatecas | May 26, 1638, M |
by 1644 | 1665-66 |
|
|
| Nicolás de Enríquez, G | c. 1623, Zacatecas |
|
prob. 1661 | 1666-67 | early 1669, NM | Alleged author of satire |
| Diego de Enríquez, G | Sp | incorp. 1626 |
after 1659, by 1665 | 1667-68 |
|
|
| Juan Bernal, G | Nov. 1632, M | Feb. 13, 1649, M |
1668-69 | 1669-71 | 1680, Galisteo, V | Agent of the Inquisition; custos in 1680 |
| Francisco Gómez de la Cadena |
|
|
after 1659, by 1665 | 1669 |
| Inquisition notary |
| Pedro de Ávila y Ayala |
| incorp. 1668 |
1668-69 | 1670-71 | 1673, Hawikuh, V | Inquisition notary; killed by Apaches |
| Luis de Morales, G | Baeza, Jaén, Sp | Aug. 26, 1660, P |
1665 | 1672-? | 1680, S. Ildefonso, V |
|
| Fernando de Velasco, G | c. 1619, Cádiz, Sp | Aug. 15, 1651, M |
before 1659 | ?-1680 | 1680, within sight of Galisteo, V |
|
| Juan de la Pedrosa, lay bro. | Apr., 1654, M | May 31,, 1673, M |
1675 | 1680 | 1680, Pecos, V |
|
| Francisco Corvera | Manila | Feb. 6, 1684, M |
El Paso 1691 | 1692 | 1696, S. Ildefonso, V | With Vargas 1692 |
| Cristóbal Alonso Barroso | Lisbon | Mar. 5, 1685, M |
El Paso 1691 | 1692, 1700 | after 1703 | With Vargas 1692 |
| Diego de (la Casa) Zeinos, G |
|
| El Paso by 1692 |
1694-95 |
| Built temporary church; with drawn from Pecos after shooting
incident |
| Juan Alpuente, G |
|
| 1693 |
1695-96 |
| Left Pecos for fear of revolt |
| Domingo de Jesús María | Sp (to New Sp 1692) |
| 1693 |
1696 |
| Member of College of Quere taro; recalled before revolt of 1696 |
| José García Marín, G | Sp (to New Sp 1692) |
| 1693 |
1696 |
| Member of College of Querétaro; evacuated to Santa Fe during revolt of
1696 |
| Francisco de Vargas | Sp (to New Sp 1664) |
| El Paso 1691 |
1696 |
| Custos; remodeled Zeinos' temporary church |
| Alonso Jiménez de Cisneros, G |
|
| Cochiti by 1696 |
1697-98 |
|
|
| Miguel de Trizio, G | Sp (to New Sp 1692) |
| 1693 |
1698 |
| Member of College of Querétaro |
| Francisco Farfán | c. 1643, Cádiz, Sp | July 2, 1662, M | before 1680 |
1698-99 |
|
|
| Diego de Chavarria | c. 1661, Tacuba, M | Mar. 6, 1679, M | El Paso by 1689 |
1699 |
| Vice-custos 1698 |
| Miguel Muñiz de Luna | Puebla | Feb. 13, 1684, P | El Paso 1691 |
1699-1700 | after 1729 | With Vargas 1692 |
| José de Arranegui | Villa de Lequeitio, Vizcaya, Sp | Apr. 20, 1695, M | by 1700 |
1700-08 |
| May have begun fourth Pecos church; divided
time between Pecos and Santa Fe |
| Juan de Tagle |
| Apr. 20, 1695, M | El Paso by 1699 |
1708 | after 1720 |
|
| Diego de Padilla | M | Oct. 5, 1680, M | El Paso by 1693 |
1709-11 | after 1712 | "Ministro presidente del pueblo, y visita de Galisteo;" liked
by the Pecos |
| Miguel Francisco Cepeda y Arriola | Puebla | May 5, 1704, P | Bernalillo by 1709 |
1712 |
| Mistreated the Pecos, according to Gov. Penuela |
| Lucas de Arévalo | Sp (to New Sp 1706?) |
| by 1709 |
1712-14 |
| Pecos missionary when Rael de Aguilar demolished kivas; chaplain with
Paez Hurtado on plains, 1715 |
| Antonio Aparicio | Sp (to New Sp 1706?) |
| El Paso by 1708 |
1714-15 |
|
|
| Jerónimo de Liñán |
|
| Albuquerque by 1711 |
1716-18 |
| Accused by Pino and Irazábal of soliciting sex in the confessional,
1718 |
| Carlos José Delgado | c. 1677, Sp (to Quer&eeacute;taro col. 1708) | Fran. prov. of Andalucía | 1710 |
1716-17 | after 1752 | Evidently finished fourth Pecos church; missionary in NM forty
years; "apostolic Spaniard" |
| Juan George del Pino | c. 1688, M | Dec. 17, 1706, M | S. Ildefonso by 1717 |
1718-21, 1729-31, 1737-38 | after 1753 | Chaplain on 1719 Valverde expedition to the plains |
| Francisco Irazábal |
|
| Zuñi by 1707 |
1722 | after 1729 | Knew Zuñi language |
| Diego Arias de Espinosa de los Monteros | Pto. de Santa María, Sp | June 10, 1714, P | Galisteo by 1723 |
1723, 1736-37 | c. 1748 |
|
| Antonio Gabaldón | c. 1700, Puebla | Oct. 1, 1717, P | Galisteo by 1723 |
1724-29, 1730, 1733-34 | after 1760 | Only 24 years old in 1724 |
| José de Irigoyen | c. 1698, Puebla | Mar. 19, 1716, P | Galisteo by 1725 |
1726 | after 1760 |
|
| José Antonio Guerrero | M | Jan. 1, 1706, P | Tesuque by 1714 |
1727 | after 1742 |
|
| Juan Sánchez de la Cruz | Sp (to New Sp 1717) |
| Taos by 1719 |
1728 | after 1746 |
|
| Manuel Zambrano | M | Oct. 20, 1711, P | San Felipe by 1727 |
1730 | after 1763 |
|
| Pedro Antonio Esquer | Sevilla, Sp | July 7, 1711, M | Galistea by 1724 |
1731-32, 1734, 1735, 1739, 1741, 1745 | after 1749 | Damned Gov. Bustamante |
| Cayetano de Otero | c. 1701, Galicia, Sp | Jan. 29, 1725, P | Zuñi by 1731 |
1732-33 | after 1768 |
|
| Francisco Manuel Bravo Lerchundi | Puebla | Dec. 30, 1700, P | Ácoma by 1730 |
1733, 1734-35 |
|
|
| Juan José de Oronzoro | Puebla | July 10, 1717, P | S. Clara by 1733 |
1736 | after 1763 |
|
| Juan José Pérez de Mirabal | Málaga, Sp | May 19, 1720, M | Taos by 1722? |
1738-39 | after 1763 |
|
| José de Eguía y Lumbre |
|
| Santa Cruz by 1732 |
1739-40 |
|
|
| Jacinto González | Cádiz, Sp | Sept. 24, 1730, P | Zuñi by 1733 |
1740, 1743 | by 1769 | Interim minister for Hernández |
| Antonio Zamora | M | Oct. 9, 1714, M | by 1740 |
1741-42 | after 1764 |
|
| Juan José Hernández | Tlaxcala | Apr. 27, 1730, SC | Ácoma by 1741 |
1742-47, 1757-58 | after 1769 | Charged by Gov. Codallos with abusing the Indians |
| Juan Antonio Sánchez | Puebla | Feb. 9, 1713, P | c. 1718 |
1743 |
|
|
| Agustín Antonio de Iniesta Márquez | c. 1709, Toluca | May 2, 1735, P |
|
1743-44 | by 1774 |
|
| José Urquijo | M | June 14, 1732, M |
|
1747-48, 1754-55 | by 1769 | At Pecos during Comanche at tack Jan. 21, 1748; attended both Pecos and
Galisteo |
| Andrés José García de la Concepción | c. 1720, Puebla | May 29, 1736, P | c. 1746 |
1748-49, 1763 | after 1779, M | At Pecos "one year" (Dom&iacdute;nguez, 1776); "old and ill," 1777 |
| Pedro Ignacio Pino | M | Apr. 27, 1730, M | Zia by 1741 |
1749? | Dec. 9, 1767, Ácoma | Named to Pecos, May 1, 1749, but may never have got there |
| Francisco de la Concepción González | Santander, Sp | Jan. 28, 1727, M | by 1740 | 1749-50 |
| Author of 1750 Pecos census |
| Juan José Toledo | c. 1716, M | July 14, 1732, M | Ácoma by 1743 | 1750-53 |
by 1774 | Received French traders at Pecos, 1752; denounced to Inquisition in 1771 for saying fornication no sin |
| Manuel José Rojo | c. 1718, M | Feb. 5, 1736, SC | c. 1750 | 1751-52 |
after 1781 | "Four months" at Pecos (Dominguez, 1776); "old and ill," 1777 |
| Miguel Gómez Cayuela |
|
|
| 1753-54, 1755-56 |
by 1774 | Petitioned to leave NM from Pecos, 1754, after his ten years |
| Miguel Campos | c. 1699, Andalucía, Sp (to New Sp 1743) | c. 1726, Sp | by 1745 | 1755 |
| There during visitation of Custos Jacobo de Castro |
| Joaquin Maríano Rodríguez de Jerez | c. 1714 | c. 1731 |
| 1755, 1756-57, 1760-61 |
after 1772 | Confessed and buried Agustín Guichí who impersonated Bishop Tamarón |
| José García de Noriega | c. 1730, M | Jan. 1, 1747, M | Zuñi by 1758 | 1758-59 |
after 1775 |
|
| Francisco Javier DÁvila Saavedra | c. 1715, Florida | June 30, 1739, Veracruz | El Paso by 1750 | 1759-60, 1761 |
after 1782 | At Pecos during Tamarón visitation; "sicker than all the others," 1777 |
| Estanislao Mariano de Marulanda | c. 1734, Ozumba | July 12, 1750, M | Zuñi by 1759 | 1761-62, 1776 |
after 1779 | At Pecos "one year" (Dominguez, 1776); blind in 1777 |
| Antonio Brizuela | c. 1729, M | June 6, 1749, M | Galisteo by 1761 | 1762 |
|
|
| José Manuel Martínez de la Vega | c. 1734, M | Jan. 14, 1753, M | c. 1766 | 1764-67 |
Apr. 10, 1789, Anamiquipa | "Three years at Pecos" (Domínguez, 1776) |
| Manuel Antonio de Santa Cruz y Burgoa | c. 1729, Vizcaya, Sp | Sp c. 1751, M | 1767-1768 |
|
|
|
| José de Burgos | c. 1732, Veracruz | Feb. 22, 1749, P | Santa Fe by 1760 | 1771, 1784-86, 1787-88 |
| "Preceptor de gramatica;" "a notorious drunkard," 1777 |
| Joaquin Ildefonso Rodríguez | c. 1714 | c. 1730 | Santa Fe by 1763 | 1772-73 |
by 1774 | Sorely "persecuted" by civilians; demented? |
| Patricio de Jesús Cuellar | c. 1733, Tulantzingo | Nov. 17, 1749, P | Santa Fe by 1766 |
1774 | c. 1779 | Also pronounced "a notorious drunkard" in 1777 |
| Francisco Atanasío Domínguez | c. 1740, M | c. 1757, M | El Paso, 1775 |
1776 | by 1805 | Briefly served Pecos at Santa Fe "for lack of a minister" |
| José Medrano | c. 1738 | c. 1758 | Sandia by 1772 |
1776-77 | after 1785 | At Santa Fe; Pecos "for lack of a minister" |
| Juan José Llanos | c. 1736, Toluca | Oct. 20, 1754, M | Nambé by 1771 |
1777-78 | after 1787 |
|
| Andrés de Claramonte | c. 1737, M | Dec. 21, 1758, M | Picurís by 1764 |
1777 | 1800 |
|
| José Palacio |
| Nov. 18, 1745, M | 1776 |
1778, 1779-80 | Apr. 23, 1785, Bernalillo | "Ministro de esta mision de Pecos" |
| Tomás Salvador Fernández | Veracruz | Nov. 16, 1768, M | Laguna by 1777 |
1781 | after 1787 | "Ministro de esta mision de Pecos" |
| Francisco de Hozio | Jan. 8, 1752, Miranda de Ebro, Castilla, Sp (to New Sp 1777) | c. Oct. 1722, Bilbao | S. Ildefonso by 1780 |
1782, 1786-87, 1788-89, 1790 | Sept. 24, 1823, Santa Fe | Long-time presidial chaplain at Santa Fe |
| Juan Bermejo | c. 1733, Sp (to New Sp 1777) | c. 1761 | Santa Fe by 1779 |
1782 |
| "Custodio y pro-ministro . . . por falta de ministro" |
| José Carral | Sp (to New Sp 1777) |
| Isleta by 1779 |
1782-84 |
| "Pro-ministro" of Pecos and minister of Santa Fe |
| Francisco Martín Bueno | Sp (to New Sp 1777) |
| Jémez by 1779 |
1789-90 |
| Minister of Santa Fe and Pecos |
| Severo Patero |
|
| 1790 |
1790-91 |
| Incorp. from Col. de San Fernando; left NM 1793 |
| Buenaventura Merino | Feb. 24, 1745, Villavicencio de los Caballeros, León, Sp | Oct. 19, 1760, 1790 Medina de Río Seco (to New Sp 1785) |
1792-93, 1794-1800 |
| Incorp. from Col. de San Fernando |
| Juan Fernández de la Sierra | Sp (to New Sp 1777) |
| San Juan by 1779 |
1793-94 |
| Accused of soliciting sex |
| Diego Muñoz Jurado | c. 1749, Santa Eufemia, Córdoba, Sp (1777) | c. 1766 |
Taos by 1779 | 1794 |
| Ministro interino |
| José Pedro Rubír;n de Celis | c. 1765, Puebla | c. 1782 |
c. 1793 | 1794 | after 1821 | "Ministro encargado del Pueblo de Pecos" |
| Diego Martínez Arellano | Nov. 11, 1752, Ameca Ameca, Chalco | Apr. 24, 1776, M |
1790 | 1802-04 | after 1827 |
|
| Francisco Bragado y Rico | c. 1769, Villalonso, Zamora, Sp | c. 1788, Villalón, Galicia |
1802 | 1804-10, 1818-25 | Jan. 4, 1825, San Miguel del Vado | Obtained license for San Miguel del Vado chapel, 1805; buried in it by Father Alcina |
| Juan Bruno González | c. 1777, Los Hoyos, Soria, Sp |
|
1810 | 1810-11 | after 1826 |
|
| Manuel Antonio García del Valle | c. 1784, M |
|
1810 | 1811-18 | June 1834, Sandia | Obtained bishop's license to reside at El Vado and visit Pecos "at least once a month," 1812 |
| Juan Caballero Toril | c. 1775, Pedroche, Córdoba, Sp | c. 1793, Prov. Sta. Ma. de los Ángeles |
1810 | 1825-28 |
| Argued with alcalde of El Vado over escort to visit Pecos; evidently expelled with Spaniards, 1828 |
| Teodoro Alcina de la Boada | Mar. 1, 1766, Palafox, Gerona, Sp | c. 1783, Gerona |
1793 | 1825, 1828 | May 29, 1834, Santa Cruz de la Cañada | He and Castro last Franciscans to serve Pecos; Alcina's final entry Dec. 3, 1828 |
| José de Castro | c. 1767, San Salvador del Cristinado, Galicia, Sp (1795) | c. Aug. 1788 |
1802 | 1828 | by late 1840 |
|
DIOCESAN PRIESTS: |
| Juan Felipe Ortiz |
|
|
Santa Fe by 1825 | 1829, 1832-33 | after 1853 |
| José Francisco Leyva y Rosas |
|
|
Albuquerque by 1817 | 1829-32 | after 1850 |
| José Vicente Chávez |
|
|
Belén by 1826 | 1833-34 | after 1850 |
| Rafael Ortiz |
|
|
by 1824 | 1834-35 | after 1851 |
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