Jefferson National Expansion Administrative History

¹"Flight Under Arch Draws Angry Outcry From FAA," St. Louis Globe-Democrat, June 23, 1966; "Plane Is Flown Through Arch One Year After FAA Warning," St. Louis Post-Dispatch, June 23, 1966; "FAA to Extend Arch Pilot Hunt Over the Nation," and "Wanton Disregard for Life," St. Louis Globe-Democrat, June 24, 1966; "Hunt Narrowing for Pilot Who Flew Under Arch," St. Louis Post-Dispatch, June 25, 1966; "Workers Call Noise Deafening When Plane Flew Through Arch," St. Louis Post-Dispatch, June 29, 1966; "Another Pilot Flies Through Arch Legs," St. Louis Globe-Democrat, April 17-18, 1971; "FAA Seeks Plane Fact: Did One Fly Under Arch?" St. Louis Post-Dispatch, April 25, 1971; "Fifth Light Plane Flies Through Gateway Arch," St. Louis Post-Dispatch, October 9, 1971; "Another Plane Shoots Arch," St. Louis Globe-Democrat, October 9, 1971; "Plane Threads The Needle at Gateway Arch," St. Louis Globe-Democrat, November 3, 1977; "Pilot Navigates Through Arch," St. Louis Post-Dispatch, November 3, 1977; "Arch fly-through a dumb trick, official says," St. Louis Globe Democrat, November 4, 1977; "Plane seen flying through Arch," St. Louis Globe-Democrat, February 27-28, 1982; "Latest pilot to fly through Arch is identified," St. Louis Globe-Democrat, May 12-13, 1984; and "FAA Ready to Prosecute Pilot For Flying Under Arch In April," St. Louis Post-Dispatch, May 15, 1984. In addition to these ten fly-throughs, a helicopter with a suspended bank of nine cameras, owned or rented by the Walt Disney Corporation, was allowed to fly through the Arch in 1974, apparently with the permission of the superintendent's office; see St. Louis Globe-Democrat, August 21, 1974.

²Case Incident Report number 80-11, 11/26/80, JEFF File A7623, JEFF historian's office.

³Board of Inquiry Report Into the Death of Kenneth Swyers, November 22, 1980; JEFF document, December 4, 1980; JEFF File A7623, JEFF historian's office. See also "Parachutist Killed In Jump Onto Top Of The Arch," St. Louis Post-Dispatch, November 23, 1980, p. 1; "FAA Seeks Parachutist's Pilot" and "Arch always fascinated jumper, wife says," St. Louis Globe-Democrat, November 24, 1980, p. 1; "Chutist was denied permission for jump," St. Louis Globe-Democrat, November 25, 1980; "Friends Continue to Deny Sky Diver Aimed For Arch," St. Louis Post-Dispatch, November 26, 1980, p. 8A; "Arch Has Tempted Daredevils Ever Since Its Completion," St. Louis Post-Dispatch, November 30, 1980, pp. 1 and 7; "Pilot grounded," St. Paul Dispatch (Minnesota), December 18, 1980.

⁴"Human fly's climb gives grid fans an early show," St. Louis Globe-Democrat, October 31, 1983, pp. 1 and 10A; "Stunt Man Scales Equitable Building," St. Louis Post-Dispatch, October 31, 1983; "Climber Surprised By Police Anger," St. Louis Post-Dispatch, November 1, 1983; and "Blue Bandit 'outraces' police warrant here," St. Louis Globe-Democrat, November 1, 1983.

⁵"High Jumper — Hollywood Stuntman Eager To Leap Off Gateway Arch," St. Louis Post-Dispatch, February 12, 1986; and "Arch jump won't get off ground," St. Louis Globe-Democrat, February 13, 1986. In 1980, the park received a request from the That's Incredible television program to conduct a similar type of stunt. See "TV show had sought stunt jump from Arch," St. Louis Globe-Democrat, November 25, 1980. On September 14, 1992, John C. Vincent of New Orleans successfully scaled the outside of the Arch with suction cups during the night, and jumped off with a parachute at 7 a.m. This jump will be covered in its entirety in the next JEFF administrative history.

⁶"President Visits Riverfront," St. Louis Post-Dispatch, August 26, 1979.

⁷Interview with JEFF Chief Ranger Deryl Stone, September 29, 1992, by JEFF Historian Bob Moore. See Chapter 3, The VP Fair, in this administrative history for more on the visit of George Bush to the park. See also "Reagan to appear at rally at Gateway Arch Sunday," St. Louis Globe-Democrat, November 1, 1984; and "Bob Hope Joining Reagan At Arch," St. Louis Post-Dispatch, November 4, 1984.

⁸JEFF Administrative History, 1935-1980, Sharon A. Brown, p. xxxi.

⁹Information from Herb Pankratz at the Eisenhower Presidential Library, telephone interview, July 30, 1992.

¹⁰Information from Dick Bowser, designer of the Arch tram system, telephone interview by Bob Moore, August 5, 1992; and telephone interview, Dr. Harry Pfanz, August 9, 1992.

¹¹St. Louis Post-Dispatch, November 14, 1967, p. 3A

¹²Interview with Dick Bowser, August 5, 1992. The North Tram was the only tram running at this time; it was opened on July 24, 1967. Finish work in the load zone was not completed at this time. The South tram was opened March 19, 1968, and the North was shut down to complete the load zone area. Both trams began simultaneous operation on May 18, 1968.

¹³Ibid., and St. Louis Post-Dispatch, Nov. 14, 1967.

¹⁴Herb Pankratz, quoting a letter of Col. Robert Schultz, written November 24, 1967.

¹⁵St. Louis Post-Dispatch, February 29, 1984; the visit was on February 28.

¹⁶"Prince Charles," St. Louis Post-Dispatch, October 22, 1977.

¹⁷"Cousteau's Calypso docks beneath Arch," St. Louis Globe-Democrat, August 30, 1983.

¹⁸Wirth was director of the National Park Service from 1951 to 1964, and stood by the construction of the Arch during early controversies. See "Early Backer Of The Arch Makes Late Visit To Top," St. Louis Post-Dispatch, February 4, 1985.

¹¹⁹Susan Saarinen, aged 42 at the time of her visit, rode to the top of the Arch for the first time. She was quite taken with the structure, which had not seemed so unique or important at the time that she was growing up. According to newspaper reports, as she was leaving the Arch, she said "'Thank you, everyone' . . . to a group of companions. Then, glancing back over her shoulder, 'Thank you, Daddy.'" Her parting line has become legendary in JEFF's history. See "Saarinen Finds Dad's Arch 'Neat'," St. Louis Post-Dispatch, November 29, 1987.

²⁰Letter, Superintendent Gary Easton to Richard Stack, File A3821, JEFF Files.

²¹Letter, Superintendent Gary Easton to Ron Jackson, File A3821, JEFF Files.

²²"Gateway Arch May Be Centerpiece Of Spectacle For Fall Arts Festival," St. Louis Post-Dispatch, May 9, 1984, p. 10A; "Wrapping The Arch," in Letters to the Editor, Ibid., October 31, 1985.

²³"American Legion opposes U.S. flag on top of the Arch," St. Louis Globe-Democrat, November 3, 1982, p. 6A.

²⁴"Arch Likely To Be Area Centerpiece For Joining 'Hands Across America'," St. Louis Post-Dispatch, January 31, 1986. Rock star Chuck Berry played to a crowd of 1,500 people on the riverfront below the Arch on May 11 to raise funds for the event; see "Chuck Berry's Fans Lend A Hand To Event," St. Louis Post-Dispatch, May 12, 1986, p. 8A.

²⁵"Olympic Torch To Pass Through City Wednesday," St. Louis Post-Dispatch, June 3, 1984.

²⁶"Completing a vision," St. Louis Globe-Democrat, September 20, 1984, p. 8A.

²⁷"600 here denounce nuclear 'insanity'," St. Louis Globe-Democrat, October 24, 1983; "Pro-defense rally gaining momentum," St. Louis Globe-Democrat, September 26, 1984; and "Peace Through Strength backers rally," St. Louis Globe-Democrat, October 1, 1984. Another anti-nuclear rally, the "Bethlehem Peace Pilgrimage," was held on September 12, 1982; see the St. Louis Globe-Democrat, September 8, 1982.

²⁸"Satellite dish owners, sellers to rally at Arch," St. Louis Globe-Democrat, March 4, 1986, p. 4A.

²⁹"Koreans March At Arch," St. Louis Post-Dispatch, September 1983.

³⁰"Trip to the top of the Arch aids fight against crib death," St. Louis Globe-Democrat, October 10, 1986, p. 10A.

³¹"Teacher Makes 11th Trek Up The Arch's 1,076 Steps," St. Louis Post-Dispatch, December 15, 1983.

³²An exhibit for the park's 25th anniversary highlighted many of these objects. See the section on exhibits in Chapter 9, Interpretation, in this administrative history.

³³Advertisement, St. Louis Post-Dispatch, September 14, 1984, Section E, p. 2. See also the section on Grounds Maintenance, Chapter 4 of this administrative history.

³⁴Letters, Ken Hatano, Unit One, Inc., to Superintendent Jerry Schober, and Schober to Hatano, February 28, 1990, File A9027, JEFF Files. Another Japanese ad was filmed at the Arch in 1992. See letter, Superintendent Gary W. Easton to Yas Matsuura of SIZE, Inc., February 7, 1992.

³⁵"An Arch Look At Fitness," by Florence Shinkle, St. Louis Post-Dispatch Magazine, October 28, 1990, p. 25.