The Secretary of the Interior's
Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties

with
Guidelines for the Treatment of Cultural Landscapes

Edited by Charles A. Birnbaum
with Christine Capelle Peters

Designed by Charles A. Birnbaum
and Kathleen J. Madigan

U.S. Department of the Interior
National Park Service
Cultural Resource Stewardship and Partnerships
Heritage Preservation Services
Historic Landscape Initiative
Washington, D.C.
1996

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments
Mission Statement
Photo Credits

Introduction

The Secretary of the Interiors Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties and Guidelines for the Treatment Of Cultural Landscapes
Preservation Planning and Treatment of Cultural Landscapes Defining Landscape Terminology
Some Factors to Consider When Selecting An Appropriate Treatment for a Cultural Landscape Project
Using the Standards and Guidelines for the Treatment of Cultural Landscapes
Organization of the Guidelines

Standards for Preservation and Guidelines for Preserving Cultural Landscapes

Introduction
Identify, Retain, and Preserve
Stabilize and Protect Deteriorated Materials
Maintain Historic Materials
Repair Historic Materials
Replace In-Kind
Code and Other Considerations

Preservation Guidelines

Spatial Organization and Land Patterns
Topography
Vegetation
CirculatIon
Water Features
Structures, Furnishings and Objects
Accessibility Considerations
Health and Safety Considerations
Environmental Considerations
Energy Efficiency Considerations

Standards for Rehabilitation and Guidelines for Rehabilitating Cultural Landscapes

Introduction
Identify, Retain, and Preserve
Protect and Maintain Historic Features and Materials
Repair Deteriorated Historic Materials and Features
Replace Deteriorated Historic Materials and Features
Design for Replacement of Missing Historic Features
Alterations/Additions for the New Use
Code and Other Considerations

Rehabilitation Guidelines

Spatial Organization and Land Patterns
Topography
Vegetation
Circulation
Water Features
Structures, Furnishings and Objects
Accessibility Considerations
Health and Safety Considerations
Environmental Considerations
Energy Efficiency Considerations

Standards for Restoration and Guidelines for Restoring Cultural Landscapes

Introduction
Identify, Retain, and Preserve
Protect and Maintain Materials and Features
Repair Features and Materials
Replace Extensively Deteriorated Features
Remove Features from Other Historic Periods
Re-Create Missing Features from the Restoration Period
Code and Other Considerations

Restoration Guidelines

Spatial Organization and Land Patterns
Topography
Vegetation
Circulation
Water Features
Structures, Furnishings and Objects
Accessibility Considerations
Health and Safety Considerations
Environmental Considerations
Energy Efficiency Considerations

Standards for Reconstruction and Guidelines for Reconstructing Cultural Landscapes

Introduction
Research and Document
Historical Significance
Code and Other Considerations

Reconstruction Guidelines

Spatial Organization and Land Patterns
Topography
Vegetation
Circulation
Water Features
Structures, Furnishings and Objects
Accessibility Considerations
Health and Safety Considerations
Environmental Considerations
Energy Efficiency Considerations

Appendices

Annotated List of Selected Readings
Directory of Organizations