Grand Teton Historic Resource Study

1. Census of the United States, 1900, Jackson Precinct.

2. Billington, Westward Expansion, pp. 335-337; and Frederick Merk, History of the Western Movement, (New York: Alfred A Knopf, 1978), pp. 330-346.

3. Billington, Westward Expansion, pp. 599-606.

4. Ibid., p. 607.

5. Merk, History of West, p. 474; and Driggs, History of Teton Valley, pp. 151-156.

6. Interview with Jim Budge by Jo Anne Byrd, #5, "Last of Old West Series."

7. Frances Judge, "Second Life," Atlantic Monthly (July, 1954):58.

8. Interview with Ellen Dornan, #10.

9. Homestead Patents, Homestead Cert. 1006, Lander, James Budge, 1904; and Jackson's Hole Courier, May 7, 1914.

10. J. E. Stimson Collection, "Interior of R. Miller's Home, Jackson Hole, Wyoming," D102, Photograph, Wyoming State Archives; Owen, T41N, R116W, 6th PM.; Harold and Josephine Fabian Collection, Grand Teton National Park; Jackson's Hole Courier, September 3, 1914; and Jackson Hole Guide, May 24, 1974.

11. Brown, Souvenir History of Jackson Hole, p. 12; and Hayden, Trapper to Tourist, p. 30. Accounts are contradictory regarding the first sawmill in Jackson Hole and how it arrived here. Leek was the first resident to operate a sawmill in the valley.

12. Jackson's Hole Courier, January 28, 1909, reprinted in Jackson's Hole Courier, January 29, 1948; Census of the United States, 1900, Jackson Precinct; and Struthers Burt, Diary, pp. 131-132.

13. Struthers Burt, Diary, p. 13; and Jackson Hole Guide, October 14, 1965.

14. Homestead Patents: Homestead Cert. 1049, Evanston, Albert Nelson, 1904; and Homestead Cert. 526, Lander, William Kissenger, 1904.

15. Homestead Patents: Homestead Cert. 334, Lander, James May, 1901; Homestead Cert. 1006, Evanston, James Budge, 1904; 496735, Jacob Johnson, 1914; 534689, T. A. Moulton, 1915; 542215, Andrew Chambers, 1916; and 705531, John W. Woodward, 1918; and Jackson's Hole Courier, May 8, 1916.

16. Homestead Patents: 486627, James Williams, 1915; 517650, Ransom Adams, 1915; and 587696, J. R. Smith, 1916.

17. Homestead Patents: 639818, James Manges, 1917; 615962, Charles Ilse, 1917; 737603, William Grant, 1919; 1037175, Shadwick Hobbs, 1929; and 1038450, Lewis Fleming, 1929. I have never found a satisfactory explanation as to why the Hobbs cabin is referred to as "starvation" cabin, an intriguing description.

18. Homestead Patents: Homestead Cert. 1181, Evanston, J. P Cunningham, 1904; Homestead Cert. 1152, Evanston, James Uhl, 1904; 323588, J. D. Ferrin, 1912; 522255, Otto Kusche, 1915, and 601314, Gottfried Feuz, 1917.

19. Jackson Hole Guide, May 20, 1976; and Homestead Patent 1037175, Hobbs, 1929.

20. Jackson's Hole Courier, July 16, 1931, and March 25, 1943; Jackson Hole Guide, December 2, 1965; and Nellie Van DerVeer, "Teton County-Pioneer Stories," WPA Subject File 1328, Wyoming State Archives.

21. M. H. Kneedy operated a flour mill at Kelly for a time.

22. Jackson's Hole Courier, September 3, 1914, and August 17, 1916; Homestead Patents: 522255, Kusche, 1915; and 531858, Anton Grosser, 1916; interview with Parthenia Stinnett by Jo Anne Byrd, "Last of the Old West Series;" and Jackson Hole Guide, April 7, 1966.

23. Homestead Patents: 707967, Steingraber, 1918; 708783, Norman Smith, 1918; 516805, John Rutherford, 1910; 504029, James H. May, 1908; and 733997, Roy Lover, 1915.

24. Interview with Clark Moulton by Jo Anne Byrd, #27, "Last of the Old West Series;" and Homestead Patents: Desert Land Entry 152, Lander, James I. May, 1901; and Desert Land Entry 768, Evanston, James Budge, 1901.

25. Homestead Patents: Homestead Cert. 529, Lander, Fred Lovejoy, 1904; Desert Land Entry 233, Lander, Lovejoy, 1903; and 511897, Mary Lovejoy, 1913.

26. Homestead Patents: Homestead Cert. 469, Lander, Nels Hoagland, 1903; Desert Land Entry 169, Lander, Hoagland, 1901; 338393, William J. Kelly, 1913; 831413, Kelly, 1914; and 903929, Sophie S. Kelly, 1922.

27. Homestead Patents: 486627, Williams, 1915; and 517650, Adams, 1915.

28. Homestead Patents: Johnson, 1914; 542215, A. Chambers, 1916; and 705531, J. Woodward, 1918.

29. Jackson's Hole Courier, April 15, 1915; Orrin and Lorraine J. Bonney, Bonney's Guide to Grand Teton National Park and Jackson's Hole (Houston, TX: by author, 1961, 1972), p. 131; and Homestead Patents: 485599, Joseph Pfeifer, 1914; and 598873, Henry Gunther, 1917.

30. Homestead Patents: Desert Land Entry 767, Evanston, Richard H. Meyers, 1906; and 732049, Roy Nipper, 1919.

31. Homestead Patent 685989, H. H. Menor, 1918.

32. Homestead Patent 639818, James H. Manges, 1917; and Office of the Teton County Clerk and Recorder, Misc. Records Book 1, p. 280, James Manges to C. A. Goss, Agreement for Deed, April 1, 1926; and Deed Record Book 4, p. 114, James Manges to C. A. Goss, Warranty Deed, August 7, 1929.

33. Homestead Patents 615962, Ilse, 1917; and 737603.

34. Homestead Patents: 959955, Heirs of M. Locher, 1924; and 981691, Ed K. Smith, 1926; and "Hearing on S. Res. 226," 1933, p. 271.

35. Homestead Patents: 486340, Charles Hedrick, 1915; 486342, John Fee Jr., 1915; 486346, Orin Seaton, 1913; 516802, Rudolph Harold, 1915; and 899898, William Jump, 1922.

36. Homestead Patents: 396790, Walter J. Germann, 1913, and 769868, John Smejkal, 1918.

37. Homestead Patents: 707968, George H. Whiteman 1918; and 796556, Joe Markham, 1918.

38. Homestead Patent 645202, William C. Thompson.

39. Merk, History of West, pp. 484-494; and Larson, History of Wyoming, pp. 359-365.

40. Interview with Clark Moulton, #27; and Homestead Patents: 519467, John Moulton, 1915; 534689, T. A. Moulton, 1915; 563869, George H. Riniker, 1916; 598873, Henry Gunther, 1917; 674905, John Nixon, 1918; 730043, Earle W. Harris, 1918; 802555, John L. Kneedy, 1920; and 813101, Talmadge S. Holland, 1918.

41. Jackson's Hole Courier, April 30, 1914; Merk, History of West, pp. 591-592; photograph of threshing machine, Book 5, p. 24, Jackson Hole Historical Society and Museum, and Jackson Hole News, August 30, 1973.

42. Homestead Patents: 645202, W. C. Thompson, 1917; and 517646, Leslie Kafferlin, 1915.

43. Jackson's Hole Courier, July 19, 1914.

44. Homestead Patents: Desert Land Entry 233, Lander, F. Lovejoy, 1903; and Desert Land Entry 768, Evanston, James Budge, 1905.

45. Bertha Chambers Gillette, Homesteading with the Elk: A Story of Frontier Life in Jackson Hole, Wyoming (Idaho Falls, ID: Mer-Jons Pub. Co., 1967), pp. 138-141; Homestead Patents: 868566, Geraldine Lucas, 1921; 813101, Talmadge S. Holland, 1918; 645202, W.C. Thompson, 1917; and 710289, Charles Davis, 1918.

46. Homestead Patents: 804575, John R. Brown, 1920; 587701, Elmer Arthur, 1916; 701008, Roland P Hunter, 1918; and 817079, Joseph Chapline, 1920.

47. Homestead Patent 804575, J. R. Brown, 1920.

48. Homestead Patents: 715943, Charles Shinkle, 1918; and 995670, William Smith, 1925.

49. Billington, Westward Expansion, pp. 654-655; Jackson Hole Guide, October 12, 1972; interview with Ellen Dornan by Jo Anne Byrd, #10, "Last of Old West Series; U.S. Geological Survey, Grand Teton Quadrangle, surveyed in 1899; Jackson's Hole Courier, April 16, 1914, July 12, 1917, December 5, 1919, October 12, 1922; A. N. Davis, G. L. O. Commissioner, Homestead Entry Ledger, p. 98, courtesy of Noble Gregory, Jr.; and Homestead Patents: 674905, Nixon, 1918; 606336, T H. Baxter, 1916; 802555, J. L. Kneedy, 1920; 796556, Markham, 1918; 788386, Tillman Holland, 1920; 959955, Heirs of M. Locher, 1924; and 981691, Ed K. Smith, 1926.

50. Homestead Patents: 243672, Floyd Wilson, 1911; and 323593, Jones, 1913; interview with Ethel Jump, February 19, 1966, transcript, Jackson Hole Historical Society and Museum; and Jackson Hole Guide, December 2, 1965.

51. Jackson's Hole Courier, April 19, 1934, March 25, 1943, and November 8, 1945; Jackson Hole Guide, February 8, 1968; and Gillette, Homesteading with Elk, p. 15.

52. Gillette, Homesteading with Elk, pp. 4 and 156; Hayden, Trapper to Tourist, p. 53; and Jackson Hole Guide, October 6, 1955.

53. Gillette, Homesteading with Elk, pp. 4-15; Jackson's Hole Courier, April 16, 1914; and Jackson Hole Guide, October 6, 1955.

54. Homestead Patents: 516805, John Rutherford, 1915; 707968, Whiteman, 1918; and 804576, Charles Christian, 1920.

55. Jackson Hole Guide, July 2, 1964 (this article contained a number of errors); S. N. Leek Collection, 3138, Box 3, Ledger Book; and Jackson's Hole Courier, February 4, 1915.

56. Struthers Burt, Diary, p. 181; Jackson's Hole Courier, May 10, 1917, September 18, 1924, January 24, 1952, and November 15, 1951; and interview with Bill Tanner by Jo Anne Byrd, #39, "Last of Old West Series."

57. Homestead Patent, Homestead Cert. 1252, Evanston, Frank Price, 1906; Jackson's Hole Courier, March 25, 1943, August 31, 1933, February 10, 1926, May 14, 1931, September 3, 1914, September 6, 1917, August 30, 1917, October 14, 1943, September 7, 1933, and May 22, 1947; Jackson Hole Guide, May 30, 1974; interview with Almer Nelson by Jo Anne Byrd, #30, "Last of Old West Series," and interview with Charlie Peterson by Jo Anne Byrd, #31, "Last of Old West Series." I was never able to locate a copy of the Cherry book or confirm its existence.

58. Jackson Hole Guide, December 2, 1965, and January 27, 1966.

59. Interview with Joella Taylor by Jo Anne Byrd, #40, "Last of Old West Series;" Jackson Hole Guide, October 6, 1955; Jackson's Hole Courier, February 14, 1946, and November 8, 1945; Homestead Patent, Homestead Cert. 1127, Evanston, Martin Henrie, 1905; and Jackson's Hole Courier, August 18, 1932.

60. K. C. Allan Collection, 7636, "Alphabetical Listing of Post Offices in Jackson Hole," University of Wyoming Archives.

61. Jackson Hole Guide, December 2, 1965; Esther B. Allan, "History of Teton National Forest," unpublished manuscript, U.S. Forest Service, 1973, p. 111; Jackson's Hole Courier, July 9, 1914, August 18, 1924, and September 9, 1943.

62. Jackson's Hole Courier, April 23, 1914, May 2, 1918, October 26, 1922, October 27, 1927, September 17, 1931, May 17, 1917; and Homestead Patent: 531858, Anton Grosser, 1916.

63. Jackson's Hole Courier, April 7, 1916, December 19, 1946, May 21, 1914, and May 17, 1917; Jackson Hole Guide, December 2, 1965; Homestead Patent 345271, Joseph Heniger, 1913; Teton County Records, Deed Record Book 1, p. 120, J. P and Maggie Cunningham to John P. Nelson, Warranty Deed, March 18, 1909; Deed Record Book A, p. 327, John and Katrina Nelson to Maggie Cunningham, Warranty Deed, May 18, 1914; Jump Interview, 1966, Jackson Hole Historical Society and Museum; and John Daugherty, "Historical Overview of the Teton Science School," 1983, Grand Teton National Park.

64. Jackson's Hole Courier, April 26, 1917, February 14, 1946, January 16, 1936; Jackson Hole Guide, July 28, 1966; and Allan Collection, "Post Offices," University of Wyoming Archives.

65. Jackson's Hole Courier, April 19, 1934.

66. Jackson's Hole Courier, March 31, 1938, May 2, 1918, May 3, 1917, June 21, 1923, November 19, 1925, March 8, 1923; and Teton County Records, Deed Record Book A, 97, James H. and Lydia Uhl to J. P Cunningham, Warranty Deed, October 2, 1917.

67. Frances Judge, "Mountain River Men," pp. 57-58; and Jackson's Hole Courier, January 4, 1933, June 8, 1933, February 26, 1928, June 12, 1924, November 8, 1945, August 16, 1923, and March 16, 1929.

68. Jackson's Hole Courier, September 5, 1918, January 1, 1920, and March 4, 1920.

69. Homestead Patents: 755267, Sam Smith, 1920; 802555, J.L. Kneedy, 1920; 813101, Talmadge Holland, 1920; 872259, Ray C. Kent, 1922; 888052, Alice Bladon, 1919; and 898062, Horace Eynon, 1922; and Jackson's Hole Courier, July 24, 1919.

70. Homestead Patents: 898062, H. Eynon, 1922; and 843343, Frank Braman, 1921.

71. Teton County Records; and Jackson's Hole Courier, December 20, 1923, and June 24, 1926.

72. Struthers Burt, Diary, pp. 114-116.