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Grand Teton
Historic Resource Study |
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CHAPTER 14:
Notes
1. Struthers Burt, Diary, p. 48.
2. Jackson's Hole Courier, April 3, 1924, and September 15, 1932; University of Wyoming Archives, American Heritage Center, Charles Roundy Collection, 3550, Box 1; and Lawrence R. Borne, Dude Ranching: A Complete History (Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico Press, 1983), p. 27.
3. Edith M. Schultz Thompson and William Leigh Thompson, Beaver Dick, the Honor and the Heartbreak: An Historical Biography of Richard Leigh (Laramie, WY: Jelm Mountain Press, 1982); and Borne, Dude Ranching, pp. 9-10.
3. Saylor, Jackson Hole, p. 116.
4. William A. Baillie-Grohman, Camps in the Rockies (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1882), pp. 208-209.
5. Freeman Tilden, Following the Frontier with F. Jay Haynes, Pioneer Photographer of the West (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1964), pp. 115-139; Owen Wister, Owen Wister Out West: His Journals and Letters, ed. Fanny Kemble Wister (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1958), pp. 52-58; and Borne, Dude Ranching, pp. 94-95.
6. Borne, Dude Ranching, p. 19.
7. Homestead Patents: 578666, M.S. Burt, 1916; 799046, Harold Hammond, 1920; 1014042, Buster Estes, 1927; 1037758, Peter Karppi, Jr., 1928; 1010872, Tony Grace, 1927.
8. Struthers Burt, Diary, pp. 48-53.
9. Borne, Dude Ranching, pp. 49-50.
11. Roundy Collection, 3550, Box 1, University of Wyoming Archives.
12. Borne, Dude Ranching, p. 4.
17. Jackson's Hole Courier, January 19, 1932.
18. Ibid.; Roundy Collection 3550, Box 2, University of Wyoming Archives; Brown, Souvenir History, p. 9; and Homestead Patents, Desert Land Entry 187, Lander, Harvey Glidden, 1901; Homestead Certificate 1245, Evanston, A. A. Adams Kiskadden, 1907; and 138274, Kiskadden, 1907.
19. Borne, Dude Ranching, pp. 39-40; Struthers Burt, Diary, p. 90; Nathaniel Burt, Jackson Hole Journal, p. 7; Office of the Clerk and Recorder, Teton County, Mortgage Record Book, pp. 103-104, Maxwell S. and Katherine N. Burt and Horace Carncross to Philadelphia Trust Co., May 1, 1917; and Jackson's Hole Courier, July 24, 1917.
20. Borne, Dude Ranching, p. 46.
21. "Dude Ranches Out West," ca. 1927.
22. Ibid.; Nathaniel Burt, Jackson Hole Journal, p. 52; and interview with Frank Galey by John Daugherty, February 3, 1984.
23. "Dude Ranches Out West," ca. 1927.
24. Nathaniel Burt, Jackson Hole Journal, p. 7; El Paso Times, August 19, 1923, Horace Albright Papers, 1923-1927, Yellowstone National Park Archives; Borne, Dude Ranching, pp. 304; "Dude Ranches Out West," ca. 1927, p. 9; and Struthers Burt, Diary, p. 50. Lawrence Borne found a dearth of information regarding the composition of dudes.
25. Struthers Burt, Diary, p. 148.
26. Warren James Belasco, Americans on the Road: From Autocamp to Motel, 1910-1945 (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1981), p. 48; "Dude Ranches Out West" ca. 1927; "The Bar BC Ranch, Rates, Outfit, Etc.," pamphlet, Bosler Family collection 5850, Box 5, File 16, University of Wyoming Archives; and Borne, Dude Ranching, p. 112.
27. Struthers Burt, Diary, p. 55; "Dude Ranches Out West," ca. 1927; and Nellie Van Derveer, "Wyoming Folklore and Customs, Teton County," Dude Ranches, WPA Subject File 1448, State of Wyoming, Archives, Museums, and Historical Department.
28. Wister, Wister Out West, pp. xv-xvi; Jackson Hole Guide, September 9, 1978; and Struthers Burt, Diary, pp. 130-131.
29. "Dude Ranches Out West," ca. 1927.
32. Wister, Wister Out West, pp. xv-xvi; Struthers Burt, Diary, p. 4; Jackson Hole Guide, February 23, 1967; Homestead Patents: 799048, Frank Bessette, 1920; 824385, Alfred Bessette, 1921; and 1035980, Joe LePage, 1928; Jackson's Hole Courier, July 30, 1925; and Jackson Hole Guide, December 3, 1970.
33. Struthers Burt, Diary, pp. 180-181; interview with Walt Callahan by Jo Ann Byrd; #6, in "Last of Old West;" and Jackson's Hole Courier, July 12, 1917, May 31, 1917, July 1, 1920, July 26, 1917, and November 2, 1922.
34. Struthers Burt, Diary, pp. 91-92; "Dude Ranches Out West," ca. 1927; and Jackson's Hole Courier, November 29, 1928.
35. Struthers Burt, Diary, p. 91.
36. Harold P. Fabian Papers, Rockefeller Archive Center, Box 61, File 574, Real Estate-Huyler, 1943-1949, Inventory, Bearpaw Ranch.
37. "Dude Ranches Out West" ca. 1927; and Jackson's Hole Courier, March 5, 1925.
38. Borne, Dude Ranching, pp. 59-69, 80-81.
39. Larson, History of Wyoming, pp. 423-425, 443-446; and Borne, Dude Ranching, pp. 59-69, 80-81.
40. "Dude Ranches Out West;" ca. 1927; Kenneth Chorley Papers, Rockefeller Archive Center, IVA3A, Box 21, File 176, "Dude Ranches Out West," pamphlet, ca. 1930, Union Pacific Railroad; "Dude Ranches Out West," ca. 1937, Union Pacific Railroad, Wyoming State Archives; Fabian Papers, Rockefeller Archive Center, Box 16, File 144, Hammond, 1929-1939; Nathaniel Burt, Jackson Hole Journal, p. 97; and Teton County Records, Mixed Records, Book 3, p. 389, John F. Woodman to Gustav Koven and Paul Petzoldt, Agreement for Deed, October 2, 1935.
41. Fabian Papers, Rockefeller Archive Center, Box 17, File 153, Elbo Ranch, 1932; Box 20, File 205, Elbo Ranch, 1929-1932; Box 22, File 244, Grace, 1928-1936; Box 22, File 232, Turner, 1929-1941; Box 21, File 229, Hogan, 1929-1935; Box 19, Files 183-184, JY Ranch, 1901-1945; Box 20, File 187, Bar BC, 1929-1940.
42. Homestead Patents: Homestead Cert. 560, Evanston, Louis Joy, 1906; Desert Land Cert. 748, Evanston, Joy, 1905; and Jackson's Hole Courier, June 2, 1932.
43. Struthers Burt, Diary, pp. 42-43 and 65.
45. Wister, Wister Out West, pp. xiv-xvii; and Struthers Burt, Diary, p. 79
46. Wister, Wister Out West, p. xvii.
47. Struthers Burt, Diary, pp. 78-102.
48. Teton County Records, Mixed Records, Book 1, p. 257, JY to H. S. A. Stewart, Lease, November 17, 1916.
49. Jackson's Hole Courier, September 25, 1924, and November 13, 1924.
50. "Dude Ranches Out West," ca. 1927; and "Tourism in Jackson Hole," Midwest Review 8 (July-August 1927):32-34.
51. "Dude Ranches Out West," ca. 1930, pp. 15-16.
52. Fabian Papers, Rockefeller Archive Center, Box 19, Files 183-184, JY Ranch, 1901-1945; Jackson's Hole Courier, June 2, 1932.
53. Struthers Burt, Diary, pp. 65 and 86-87.
55. Nathaniel Burt, Jackson Hole Journal, p. 7; and Struthers Burt, Diary, pp. 15 and 48.
56. Struthers Burt, Diary, p. 97
57. Homestead Patents: 577944, Horace Carncross, 1916; 578666, Maxwell S. Burt, 1916; 584624, Burt 1916; and 584625, Caincross, 1916; and Struthers Burt, Diary, p. 88.
58. Jackson's Hole Courier, December 7, 1916, and July 26, 1917; and Teton County Records, Mortgage Records Book 3, p. 103, M. S. and Katherine Burt to Philadelphia Trust Co., mortgage, May 1, 1917; Book 3, p. 106, Horace Carncross to Philadelphia Trust Co., mortgage, May 1, 1917; see Mortgage Release Book 1, pp. 88-89.
59. Struthers Burt, Diary, pp. 90-91.
60. Teton County Records, Deed Records, Book 1, p. 307, Warranty Deed, Struthers and Katherine Burt and Horace Carncross to Bar BC Ranches, Inc., December 5, 1921; Jackson's Hole Courier, October 12, 1953 and January 10, 1929; "The Bar BC Ranch, Rates, Outfit, Etc.," Bosler Family Collection, 5850, University of Wyoming Archives; and Jackson Hole Guide, August 16, 1964.
61. Teton County Records, Deed Record Book A, p. 99, Warranty Deed, George Tucker Bispham to Bar BC Ranches, June 10, 1924; Deed Record Book A, p. 74, Harold and Marie Hammond to Bar BC Ranches, Warranty Deed, April 21, 1924; see Deed Record Book 3, pp. 536-537.
62. Jackson's Hole Courier, May 10, 1917, September 3, 1914, February 24, 1916; May 3, 1917, February 10, 1916; and Felicia Gizycka, "Jackson Hole, 1916-1965: A Reminiscence," Vogue (April 1, 1965):203.
63. Gizycka, "Jackson Hole, 1916-1965," p.203; Jackson's Hole Courier, January 10, 1929, January 27, 1949, and May 1, 1941; Jackson Hole News, July 30, 1970; Interview with Walt Callahan, #6, in "Last of Old West."
64. Nathaniel Burt, Jackson Hole Journal, pp. 7-9.
65. "Dude Ranches Out West, ca. 1927; and Jackson's Hole Courier, July 30, 1925, and June 14, 1928.
66. Jackson's Hole Courier, July 4, 1918, July 14, 1927, March 8, 1928, and January 10, 1929.
67. Struthers Burt to Horace Albright, July 18, 1927, Albright Papers, 1923-1927, Yellowstone Archives.
68. Chorley Papers, Rockefeller Archive Center, Box 16, File 133, Bar BC Ranch, 1929-1942, Struthers Burt to Kenneth Chorley, March 4, 1929; Fabian Papers, Rockefeller Archive Center, Box 20, File 187, Bar BC, 1929-1940.
69. Fabian Papers, Rockefeller Archive Center, Box 20, File 187, Bar BC 1924-1940, Struthers Burt to Harold Fabian, January 3, 1935; Chorley Papers, Rockefeller Archive Center, Box 16, File 133, Bar BC Ranch, 1929-1942, S. Burt to K. Chorley, September 20, 1937; and Nathaniel Burt, Jackson Hole Journal, pp. 78-79.
70. Fabian Papers, Rockefeller Archive Center, Box 20, File 187, Bar BC, 1929-1940, Bar BC Ranches to Frank W. Crocker, sub-lease, May 26, 1938; Bar BC Ranches to E. Webster Harrison, sub-lease, May 7, 1941; Jackson's Hole Courier, July 27, 1939, and November 7, 1959; and Federal Records Center, Denver, CO, Grand Teton National Park, 217320 Individual Fire Report, November 7, 1959.
71. Jackson's Hole Courier, October 12, 1953; and Jackson Hole Guide, August 6, 1964.
72. Corse, Tract 04-130, Bar BC Ranches Inc., to T. H. and Margaretta F. Conderman, Lease, September 30, 1950, Land Files, Grand Teton National Park.
73. Homestead Patents: 799046, Harold Hammond 1920; 902573, G. Tucker Bispham, 1922; interview with Frank Galey by Jo Ann Byrd, #12, in "Last of Old West Series," Jackson Hole Guide, April 30, 1981; and Jackson's Hole Courier, June 8, 1916, and July 17, 1930.
74. Homestead Patents: 799046, Hammond, 1920; 902573, Bispham, 1922; and Jackson Hole Guide, July 19, 1973, and September 24, 1964.
75. Teton County Records, Deed Record Book A, p. 99, George Tucker Bispham to Bar BC Ranches Inc., Warranty Deed, June 10, 1924; Deed Record Book A, p. 74, Harold and Marie Hammond to Bar BC Ranches Inc., Warranty Deed, April 21, 1924; and Jackson's Hole Courier, February 26, 1925, December 3, 1925, April 7, 1927, and April 28, 1927.
76. Jackson's Hole Courier, July 7, 1927; and "Dude Ranches Out West," ca. 1927.
77. Teton County Records, Deed Record Book 3, p. 536, Bar BC Ranches to Harold Hammond, Warranty Deed, November 15, 1928; Deed Record Book 3, p. 537, Bar BC to G. T. Bispham, Warranty Deed, November 16, 1928; Deed Record Book 3, p. 557, G. T Bispham to H. Hammond, Warranty Deed, December 19, 1928; Jackson's Hole Courier, November 1, 1928, and April 14, 1949; and Nathaniel Burt, Jackson Hole Journal, pp. 118-119.
78. Jackson's Hole Courier, July 17, 1930; "Dude Ranches Out West," ca. 1937; Jackson Hole Guide, August 8, 1973; and interview with Frank Galey by Jo Ann Byrd, #12, "Last of Old West Series.
79. Interview with Frank Galey, #12, "Last of Old West;" Jackson Hole Guide, September 24, 1964, and August 8, 1973; and Jackson's Hole Courier, July 20, 1939.
80. Ibid.; Teton County Records, Deed Record Book 11, p. 10, Frank Galey to the United States of America, Warranty Deed, December 17, 1956. There is some question whether the ranch operated at all during the war.
81. Jackson Hole Guide, June 11, 1964; interview with Margaret Murie by John Daugherty, February 13, 1984, tape, Grand Teton National Park; and Jackson Hole News, January 17, 1979.
82. Interview with Margaret Murie; Jackson's Hole Courier, July 27, 1922, August 7, 1924, and October 15, 1925; Homestead Patent 1014042, Buster Estes, 1927; and Jackson Hole Guide, June 11, 1964.
83. "Dude Ranches Out West," ca. 1927; "Dude Ranches Out West," ca. 1930; and Jackson's Hole Courier, July 7, 1927.
84. "Dude Ranches Out West," ca. 1937; Interview with Margaret Murie; Teton County Records, Mixed Records Book 6, p. 29, Buster and Frances Estes to Stella Woodbury, Lease, August 12, 1935; Deed Record Book 9, p. 89, Buster and Frances Estes to Adolph Murie, et al., Agreement for deed, August 22, 1945; Warranty Deed Record Book 8, p. 628, Buster and Frances Estes to Adolph Murie, et al., Warranty Deed, July 25, 1950; and Murie, Wapiti Wilderness, pp. 266-269.
85. Jackson Hole Guide, October 1, 1964, and February 20, 1964.
86. Jackson Hole Guide, October 1, 1964; and Teton County Records, Misc. Records Book 1, p. 307, James M. Manges to Frank Williams and Joseph Clark, Agreement for Deed, April 6, 1926; Deed Record Book 3, p. 447, James M. Manges to Double Diamond Ranch, Warranty Deed, August 30, 1926; and Homestead Parent, 1003939, Emma Williams, 1926.
87. Jackson's Hole Courier, May 1, 1924, June 26, 1924, and July 16, 1925.
88. Jackson's Hole Courier, July 7, 1927; interview with Harry Brown by Jo Ann Byrd, #3, "Last of Old West Series;" and "Dude Ranches Out West," ca. 1930.
89. "Dude Ranches Out West," ca. 1930.
90. Interview with Harry Brown, #3, "Last of Old West;" and Teton County Records, Deed Record Book 6, p. 417, Double Diamond Ranch to Joseph Clark, Warranty Deed, May 21, 1946.
91. Lodges and Dude Ranches, memorandum, February 27, 1951, Grand Teton National Park, Federal Records Center, Denver, Colorado; and Williams, Tract 05-122, Land Files, Grand Teton National Park.
92. Williams, Tract 05-122, Land Files, Grand Teton National Park.
93. "Tourism in Jackson Hole," Midwest Review: 35; Homestead Patent 1037758, Peter Karppi Jr., 1928.
94. Jackson's Hole Courier, November 29, 1928; Roundy Collection, 3550, interview with Betty Anderson, Tape #2, University of Wyoming Archive.
95. Half Moon Ranch, Tract 05-123, Land Files, Grand Teton National Park.
96. Homestead Patent 1010872, Tony Grace, 1927; "Dude Ranches Out West," ca. 1937; Fabian Papers, Rockefeller Archive Center, Box 22, File 244, Grace, 1929-1936; and University of Wyoming Archives, Fryxell Collection, 1638, Alexander Sprunt to F.M. Fryxell, April 2, 1934.
97. "Dude Ranches Out West," ca. 1927; Teton County Records, Deed Record Book 3, p. 496, Ransom Adams to John F. Woodman, September 17, 1928; and Photograph of Main Lodge, Flying V, courtesy of Don and Gladys Kent.
98. "Dude Ranches Out West," ca. 1927; "Dude Ranches Out West," ca. 1930; Teton County Records, Mixed Records Book 3, p. 389, John Woodman to Gustav Koven and Paul Petzoldt, Agreement for Deed, October 2, 1935; Deed Record Book 5, p. 275, Jack and Zina Woodman to Gustav Koven, Warranty Deed, October 2, 1935; and Jackson's Hole Courier, December 22, 1932, December 29, 1932, and November 21, 1935.
99. Telephone Interview with Paul Petzoldt by John Daugherty, December 10, 1982.
100. Teton County Records, Warranty Deed Record Book 9, p. 278, Greer Sugden to Alvin Adams, Warranty Deed, May 14, 1951; interview with P. Perzoldt; and Superintendent's Monthly Report, October 1954, Grand Teton National Park, Box 743799, Federal Records Center, Denver, CO.
101. Adams, Tract 06-108, Land Files, Grand Teton National Park; and Jackson Hole Guide, October 12, 1963.
102. University of Wyoming Archives, Roundy Collection, 3550, interview with Louise Turner by C. Roundy, tape; interview with Louise Turner Bertschy by Jo Ann Byrd, #1, "Last of Old West Series;" Jackson's Hole Courier, March 3, 1927; Teton County Records, Deed Record Book A, p. 377, William Jump to John S. Turner, Warranty Deed, July 6, 1926; Deed Record Book 2, p. 509, R. E. and Grace Miller to John S. Turner, Warranty Deed, April 19, 1928; and "Dude Ranches Out West," ca. 1927.
103. Fabian Papers, Rockefeller Archive Center, Box 22, File 232, Turner, 1929-1941.
104. Triangle X, Concession Files, Grand Teton National Park.
105. "Dude Ranches Out West," ca. 1927; Jackson Hole Platbook, Harold and Josephine Fabian Collection, Grand Teton National Park.
106. Jackson Hole Guide, September 18, 1969; and Barker, Tract 02-136, Land Files, Grand Teton National Park.
107. Interview with Eva Topping Briggs by Jo Ann Byrd, #2, "Last of Old West Series;" and Homestead Parent 1052322, Eva Topping, 1931. Mrs. Briggs recalled taking up residence on the property in 1925, while she testified to a date of 1927 in her final proof papers.
108. Jackson Hole Guide, March 5, 1970; and Teton County Records, Deed Record Book 3, p. 118, Fred and Doris Topping to Rudolph Harold, Warranty Deed, October 29, 1918.
109. Homestead Patent 1052322, Topping, 1931, Robert W. Dyer, G. L. O. Examiner, to Commissioner, G. L. O., February 18, 1931.
110. Interview with Eva Briggs, #2, "Last of Old West," and Jackson Hole Guide, March 5, 1970.
111. University of Wyoming Archives, K. C. Allan collection, 7636, Teton County Post Offices; Teton County Records, Deed Record Book 14, p. 407, Fred J. Topping to John Wyckoff Mettler, Jr., Warranty Deed, December 8, 1967; and "Big Wyoming Accommodations," leaflet, Wyoming Travel Commission, ca. 1981.
112. Jackson Hole Guide, September 3, 1964, and September 8, 1955.
113. "Dude Ranches Out West," ca. 1957; and Jackson Hole Guide, September 3, 1964.
114. Murie, Wapiti Wilderness, pp. 257-278; and Jackson Hole Guide, September 3, 1964.
115. Wister, Wister Out West, p. xiii; Franny K. Wister Stokes to Ray H. Mattison, October 2, 1962, Grand Teton National Park; Teton County Records, Deed Record Book 2, p. 26, Elsie M. James to Owen Wister, warranty deed, December 18, 1911.
116. Homestead Parents 1019746, Chauncey Spears, 1928; Jackson Hole Guide, September 17, 1964; and Jackson Hole News, December 7, 1973.
117. Homestead Patents: 908182, Harry Clissold, 1922; and 977162, Clifford Ward, 1925; and Jackson Hole Guide, July 19, 1973.
118. Jackson Hole Guide, July 19, 1973 and January 28, 1971; and Jackson Hole News, November 2, 1977; and "Dude Ranches Out West," ca. 1927.
119. Homestead Patent 805788, Mears, 1920; Jackson's Hole Courier, August 9, 1917, and October 6, 1949; and Teton County Records, Deed Record Book 2, p. 295, Bryant F. Mears to Edward B. Mears, Warranty Deed, April 1, 1921; Deed Record Book A, p. 541, E. Mears to William and Margaretta Frew, Warranty Deed, February 9, 1927; Deed Record Book 14, p. 351, Emily Oliver to the United States of America, Warranty Deed, August 4, 1967.
120. "Dude Ranches Out West," ca. 1927; and "Dude Ranches," ca. 1937.
121. Teton County Records, Misc. Records Book 1, p. 280, James M. Manges to C. A. Goss, Agreement for Deed, April 1, 1926; Deed Record Book 4, p. 114, James M. Manges to C. A. Goss, Warranty Deed, May 16, 1929; Deed Record Book A, p. 355, Frank and Gertrude Bessette to C. A. Goss, Warranty Deed, June 7, 1926; Deed Record Book 4, p. 136, Alfred and Ella Bessette to C. A. Goss, Warranty Deed, May 1, 1926.
122. "Dude Ranches Out West," ca. 1927; Jackson's Hole Courier, May 6, 1927, July 7, 1927, and July 14, 1927; and "Before and After Pictures of Jackson Hole National Monument," Department of the Interior, National Park Service, 1945.
123. Teton County Records, Deed Records Book 4, p. 119, Chester A. and Jessie Goss to the Snake River Land Company, Warranty Deed, August 8, 1929; Jackson's Hole Courier, December 4, 1941; and Elbo Ranch, Concession Files, Grand Teton National Park.
124. Jean Carlton Parker, "Leek's Lodge: Historic Structures Report" (Denver, CO: National Park Service, 1978), pp. 20-21.
125. "Tourism in Jackson Hole," Midwest Review: 35; "Dude Ranches Out West," ca. 1927; and University of Wyoming Archives, S. N. Leek Collection, 3138, "Teton Camp for Boys," pamphlet; "Dude Ranches Out West," ca. 1930.
126. Parker, "Leek's Lodge," pp. 38-45.
127. "Dude Ranches Out West," ca. 1927; and Teton County Records, Deed Record Book A, p. 155, William T. and Esther Carter to John W. Hogan, Warranty Deed, November 1, 1924.
128. "Dude Ranches Out West," ca. 1927; "Dude Ranches Out West," ca. 1930; "Dude Ranches Out West," ca. 1937; Jackson's Hole Courier, April 14, 1927; and "Tourism in Jackson Hole," Midwest Review; and Jackson Hole Guide, September 18, 1969.
129. Borne, Dude Ranching, pp. 173-177.
130. Murie, Wapiti Wilderness, pp. 256-263.
131. Borne, Dude Ranching, pp. 180-189; Struthers Burt, Diary, preface to 1938 ed., pp. xii-xiii; Belasco, Americans on the Road, pp. 140-141; and "Dude Ranches Out West," ca. 1937.
132. Borne, Dude Ranching, pp. 189-190. Based on the use of limited sources and misinterpretation of data, Borne overestimates the impact of government policies on dude ranching.
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