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GEORGE ROGERS CLARK
George Rogers Clark Memorial Historic Structures Report Historical Data |
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NOTES
Chapter 1
1. Judd to Connally, March 9, 1970; telephone conversation, Starrett with Bearss, Oct. 9, 1970.
Chapter 2
1. Vincennes Sun-Commercial, June 14, 1936.
2. Ibid. Among the members of the committee were: William Fortune, chairman; Dr. Coleman, secretary-treasurer; and William H. Book, executive-secretary.
3. Ibid., June 14, 1936, and Dec. 27, 1940.
4. Republican Platform Adopted, May 27, 1926, George Rogers Clark Commission, Emison Papers, Emison & Emison, Vincennes, Ind. Ewing R. Emison was the father of Rabb and Tom Emison, Vincennes lawyers, who allowed me to examine his personal papers. Emison had been elected a member of the Republican State Committee in May 1922 from the 2d Congressional District. In 1924 he managed Calvin Coolidge's primary campaign in Indiana, and was a delegate-at-large to the Republican National Convention in Cleveland, Ohio, in that year.
5. Vincennes Commercial, May 25, and Vincennes Sun, May 26, 1926.
6. Ibid. Among those playing prominent roles in the Vincennes meeting were: D. Frank Culbertson, Thomas Taggart, Evans Wollen, Mayor Claude E. Gregg of Vincennes, and Dr. James A. Woodburn of Indiana University.
7. Vincennes Commercial, Jan. 28, 1927; Acts of the Indiana General Assembly, 1927, pp. 57-70.
8. Vincennes Commercial, Feb. 20, 1927.
9. Ibid. Senator John W. Cravens of Monroe County, a legislative veteran, told reporters in Indianapolis that he had "watched the progress of the Clark Memorial bill and that Senator Culbertson had handled the campaign with consummate skill."
10. Ibid. In addition to Culbertson and Senator Shake, men meeting with Governor Jackson were: J. B. E. LaPlante, chairman of the appraisal committee; B. F. Nesbitt of the Vincennes Chamber of Commerce; and J. N. Dyer, J. B. Bayard, and Perry McCart.
11. Announcement by Governor Jackson, March 14, 1927, Emison Papers. Nominated by Governor Jackson were Ewing Emison and William Fortune, president of the Indianapolis Chapter of the American Red Cross; by the State Historical Society were Dr. James A. Woodburn of Bloomington, Lee Burns of Indianapolis, Father Francis H. Gavisk of Indianapolis, and the governor's wife--Mrs. Edward Jackson; by the Society of Indiana Pioneers, Frank C. Ball of Munice, D. Frank Culbertson of Vincennes, and Lew M. O'Bannon of Croydon; by the Indiana Library and Historical Board, Thomas Taggart of French Lick, Mrs. Anne Studebaker Carlisle of South Bend, and Clem J. Richards of Terre Haute; and the three ex officio members were Lieutenant Governor F. Harold Van Ormen, Speaker of the House Harry J. Leslie, and Dr. Christopher Coleman of the Historical Bureau.
12. Lockridge to Book, April 14, 1927, Emison Papers. Book remained as executive-secretary until 1928, when he was replaced by Martha Allerdic, who was replaced in 1930 by Elizabeth Miller. Vincennes Sun-Commercial, June 14, 1936.
13. Vincennes Commercial, Feb. 20, 1927.
14. Hearings Before the Joint Committee on the Library, Congress of the United States, 69th Congress, 3d Sess., pp. 27-35.
15. Meeting of the George Rogers Clark Sesquicentennial Commission, July 13, 1931, National Archives, Record Group 148. The minutes for meetings of this group will be cited hereinafter as Meeting GRCSC.
16. Hearing Before the Joint Committee on the Library, pp. 27-35.
17. Ibid.; Vincennes Sun-Commercial, June 14, 1936. Among Magonigle's recommendations were that a memorial park be established to adjoin the grounds of St. Xavier Cathedral; that a plaza be erected in front of the church; that the memorial be a building, rather than a shaft, arch, or replica of Fort Sackville; that there be no driveways in the park itself except for a boulevard along the Wabash; that there should be "personal monuments to Clark, Vigo, Gibault, Harrison, Tecumseh, Pere Marquette and others; and that in the Hall of History there was to be a great hall its only decoration to consist of a series of murals.
18. Memorandum to Files, undated, Emison Papers. When Emison and LaPlante submitted their vouchers to be reimbursed for expenses in curred on the Washington trip, the Commission objected to paying for the wives' tickets and incidental expenses. Emison countered that the President had asked him to bring his wife along. The cost of the trip was $641.76, which Emison's political enemies on the Commission--Culbertson and Richards--termed shockingly high. Emison to Book, Dec. 12, and Book to Emison, Dec. 22, 1927, Emison Papers.
19. President's Dec. 5, 1927, Message to 1st Session, 70th Congress.
20. Indiana History Bulletin, Vol. 5, Dec. 1927, No. 3, p. 47.
21. Vincennes Commercial, Feb. 10, 1928.
22. Ibid., Feb. 22 & 25, 1928.
25. Indiana History Bulletin, Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 47-48; and Vol. 5, No. 9, pp. 155-57. The President signed the public resolution in the presence of Representative Wood and Frank Culbertson, chairman of the legislative committee of the Indiana George Rogers Clark Commission. President Coolidge presented to Culbertson the gold pen with which he signed the bill. Vincennes Commercial, May 24, 1928.
26. Vincennes Commercial, May 25, 1928.
29. June 4, 1928, Meeting of Indiana Commission, Emison Papers.
Chapter 3
1. Vincennes Commercial, Mar. 15, 1929.
3. Ibid., Sept. 5, 1929. Those who spoke in favor of the request were: J.B.E. LaPlante, W.M. Alsop, and Ira D. Schaffer, bankers; F.L. Oliphant, president of the Vincennes Bridge Co.; Curtis G. Shake and Harry Lewis, attorneys; John Klemeyer, president of the Knox County Lumber Co.; B.F. Nesbitt and N.Y. Yates, orchardists; Lawrence A. Ebner, president of Ebner Ice & Cold Storage Co.; and Ed Brocksmith, member of the board of county commissioners.
4. Ibid. This appropriation by the county council had been made possible by the legislation establishing the Indiana George Rogers Clark Sesquicentennial Commission.
7. Meeting of GRCSC, Jan. 18, 1930, NA, RG 148.
8. Vincennes_Commercial, Jan. 19, 1930.
9. Ibid., June 28, 1930. Senator Fess, speaking in support of the Watson bill, predicted that the Clark Memorial would be the "most magnificent thing outside the Lincoln Memorial."
10. Vincennes Sun-Commercial, March 2, 1931. The $500,000 could be used for "grading, improving, and embellishing the site of and grounds adjacent to Fort Sackville, the erection of a monumental memorial structure and its ornamentation, the ornamentation of a bridge across the Wabash River adjacent thereto . . ., the protection of the grounds by a river wall," and administrative expenses of the Commission.
12. Meeting GRC Executive Committee, Jan. 14, 1932, NA, RG 148.
13. 1st Draft, Senate Committee of the Library Rept., Feb. 15, 1933, NA, RG 148.
14. Vincennes Post, March 4, 1933.
15. Vincennes Sun-Commercial, May 4, 1933. The 72d Congress had appropriated this sum and had included it in the Independent Offices Supply Bill, but it had been vetoed by President Hoover, because of excessive amounts earmarked for veterans' benefits.
16. Congressional Record, 73d Congress, 1st Session 5599; U.S. Statutes at Large, 73d Congress, March 1933-June 1934, Vol. 48, Pt. 1, p. 276. Frederick Van Nuys had been elected Senator from Indiana in the Roosevelt Landslide of 1932, having defeated Senator Watson.
17. Vincennes Sun-Commercial, Aug. 5, 1934.
22. U.S. Statutes at Large, 74th Congress, Vol. 49, pt. 1, p. 573.
23. Vincennes Sun-Commercial, Feb. 7, 1936; U.S. Statutes at Large, 74th Congress, Vol. 49, pt. 1, p.1112.
24. Vincennes Sun-Commercial, May 24, 1936.
26. Vincennes Post, Aug. 16, 1939.
27. Vincennes Sun-Commercial, June 27, 1937; U.S. Statutes at Large, 75th Congress, 1st Sess., Vol. 50, pt. 1, p. 567.
28. U.S. Statutes at Large, 75th Congress, Vol. 52, p. 1128.
29. Vincennes Sun-Commercial, Feb. 14, 1936.
30. Richards to FDR, May 29, 1936, NA, RG 148.
31. Van Nuys to Richards, June 6, 1936, NA, RG 148.
32. Culbertson to Emison, June 6, 1936, Emison Papers.
33. Vincennes Sun-Commercial, June 14, 1936.
36. Vincennes Sun-Commercial, Feb. 24, 1935. This bill was introduced by John N. Dyer. Culbertson, when questioned by the press, admitted, that if the Federal Government took over the memorial, it would provide greater prestige, but, he added, "there is no assurance that the national government will be acquiescent to such an arrangement."
37. Ibid., March 7, 10, 12 & 13, 1935.
39. Coleman to Ickes, July 11, 1933, NA, RG 148.
40. Coleman to Culbertson, Nov. 2, 1934, NA, RG 148.
41. Coleman to Culbertson, Aug. 23, 1938, NA, RG 148.
42. Vincennes Post, May 9, 1939. The Senate bill was introduced by Senator Sherman Minton and the House bill by Representative Fred Landis.
43. Congressional Record, Vol. 84, pt. 10, p. 11226.
44. Vincennes Sun-Commercial, June 29, 1939.
46. Gov. Townsend File, undated, Indiana State Library; Vincennes Sun-Commercial, Aug. 13, 1940. All deeds and abstracts had been filed by June 27, but another delay had developed when a proposal to sell some of the land for hotel purposes was entertained and rejected.
47. Vincennes Sun-Commercial, June 27 & Aug. 22, 1940.
48. Ibid., May 27, 1940. A vandal, it was observed, had broken one of the fingers off the granite Vigo.
50. Indianapolis Star, May 30, 1940.
51. Indianapolis Star and Vincennes Sun-Commercial, undated, clipping file, Vincennes Public Library.
52. Vincennes Sun-Commercial, July 6, 1965.
53. Ibid; H. R. 9599, 89th Congress, 1st Sess., files Office of Archeology & Historic Preservation, Natl. Park Service; hereinafter cited as files OAHP.
54. Vincennes Sun-Commercial, July 6, 1965.
55. Utley to Chief, National Park Studies, Aug. 12, 1965, files, OAHP. Robert M. Utley is Chief Historian, National Park Service.
56. Spurgeon to Harrison, Aug. 17, 1965, files OAHP. Officials meeting with Denton were: Robert Utley, John Spurgeon, Chet Brown, and Clark Stratton. Frank Harrison was chief, Division of Legislation and Regulations.
57. Palmer to Lee, Aug. 31, and Palmer to Director, Sept. 1, 1965, files OAHP.
58. Udall to Aspinall, Jan. 27, 1966, files OAHP. Wayne Aspinall was chairman of the House Committee on Interior & Insular Affairs in the 89th Congress.
59. Public Law 89-517, approved July 23, 1966.
60. Ibid.; U.S. Dept. of the Interior News Release, Feb. 4, 1966.
61. Kessinger to Harrison, April 26, 1966, files OAHP.
Chapter 4
1. Meeting of GRCSC, Dec. 11, 1928, NA, RG 148. Members of the National Commission in attendance besides Senator Fess were: Senator Watson, Representatives Vestal and Gilbert, Mrs. Hert, Mrs. Carlisle, D. Frank Culbertson, and Luther Smith.
2. Ibid.; Vincennes Commercial, Dec. 12, 1928.
4. Vincennes Commercial, March 17, 1929. Leslie had been inaugurated as Indiana's 33d governor in January 1929.
5. Meeting of the GRCSC, April 18, 1929, NA, RG 148.
6. Ibid.; Vincennes Commercial, March 4 and April 19, 1929. For hisservice as advisor, Parsons was to receive $5,000, while his architectural firm was to be paid ten per cent of the total cost of the grounds.
7. Meeting of GRCSC, June 20, 1929, NA, RG 148.
8. Ibid. The Jury of Award, as approved at the January 20, 1930, meeting consisted of Architects William M. Kendall of McKim, Meade & White of New York City; John L. Mauran of Mauran, Russell & Crowell of New York City; and Lee Burns of Indianapolis; D. Frank Culbertson of Vincennes; and Luther E. Smith of St. Louis. A number of alternates were designated. Meeting of GRCSC, Jan. 18, 1930, NA, RG 148. Smith's experiences as a member of the George Rogers Clark Commission led him to push for establishment of the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial in St. Louis.
9. Meeting of Executive Committee, GRCSC, July 10, 1929, NA, RG 148.
10. Vincennes Commercial, Jan. 19, 1930.
11. Meeting of GRCSC, Feb. 14, 1930, NA, RG 148. One of the alternates, Frederick L. Ackerman, had replaced John L. Mauran. The vote for No. 28 had been three to two, with Culbertson voting with the majority.
12. Ibid. The six architects invited to prepare plans and designs for the competition were paid $2,500 each for their efforts. They were: Paul P. Cret of Philadelphia, Dwight Baun of New York City, Le Beaumet & Klein of St. Louis, Delano Aldrich of New York City, H. Van Buren Magonigle of New York City, and John R. Pope of New York City.
13. Vincennes Commercial, Feb. 15, 1930.
14. Ibid.; Vincennes Sun, Feb. 14, 1930. Subsequently, the miniature forts were dropped from the design.
15. Vincennes Sun, Feb. 14, 1930; personal interview, Charles St. George Pope with Bearss, Feb. 27, 1970. Mr. Pope, a member of A.I.A, was an employee of the Office of Archeology and Historic Preservation, National Park Service, until his retirement in March 1970. In the late 1920s and early 1930s, all architectural schools submitted their best drawings to the American Society of Beaux Arts. The depression put the skids to this program, and the architectural schools dropped out of national competitions.
16. Meeting of GRC Executive Committee, March 20, 1931, NA, RG 148.
17. Ibid. It was agreed that there would be no drinking fountains in building, but there would be a telephone in the custodian's room.
19. Meeting GRCSC, April 15, 1931, NA, RG 148.
20. Meeting GRCSC, May 22, 1931, NA, RG 148.
21. Meeting of GRC Executive Committee, June 29, 1931, NA, RG 148.
22. Vincennes Sun-Commercial, July 9, 1931. Among other firms submitting bids were: Hunkin-Conkey Construction Co. of Cleveland; H. Platt Co. of Erie, Pennsylvania; James McHugh Sons of Chicago; A. E. Kemmer of Lafayette, Indiana; George A. Fuller Co. of New York City; E. A. Carson, Indianapolis; Aronberg-Fried of New York City; Edward S. Moore & Son, Kokomo, Indiana; Lovering-Longbottom Co. of St. Paul; C. A. Moses Construction Co. of Chicago; J. L. Simmons Co. of Decatur, Illinois; and Nydele Building Construction Co. and Ericsson Company, Illinois organizations.
23. Meeting of GRCSC, July 13, 1931, NA, RG 148; Vincennes Sun-Commercial, July 13, 1931. Representative Wood, not being present, had entrusted Senator Watson with a message expressing his preference for limestone.
24. Ibid.; Vincennes Sun-Commercial, July 10, 1931. Those voting with the majority were: Senators Pass and McKellar, U.S. Representative Arthur M. Greenwood, Luther Smith, Monsignor Gavisk, Lee Burns, Lew O'Bannon, Clem Richards, and Culbertson. The next day, the 14th, Senators Fess and McKellar spent several hours in Vincennes. They were given a tour of the memorial area by Culbertson and Hirons, before attending a luncheon in their honor in the Gibault auditorium. Greenwood had replaced Gilbert on the Commission.
25. Meeting GRCSC, July 13, 1931, NA, RG 148. Hirons had explained to the Commission that Stanstead granite would be satisfactory, and that the advantage of Mount Airy granite over it was slight. He, how ever, was mistaken. Stanstead granite is not a first class granite, and when it weathers it turns black. The decision to use second class granite was a serious error on the part of the Executive Committee. Telephone conversation, Lagemann with Bearss. Robert Lagemann is Management Assistant at George Rogers Clark NHP.
26. Vincennes Sun-Commercial, July 12, 1931.
27. Vincennes Sun-Commercial, Sept. 3, 1931.
29. Meeting GRCSC, Sept. 28, 1931, NA, RG 148.
31. Vincennes Sun-Commercial, Sept. 30 & Oct. 1, 1931. Voting with Senator Watson were: Representatives. Wood and Vestal, Ewing Emison, Mrs. Alvin T. Hert, and Frank Ball.
32. Ibid., Sept. 3 & 30, 1931, and June 14, 1936.
33. Ibid., Oct. 13, 1931, and June 14, 1936. The two mixing machines of Lenahan & Konen were employed in making the pour.
35. Meeting of GRC Executive Committee, Dec. 4, 1931, NA, RG 148.
36. Ibid., June 28, 1932, NA, RG 148.
38. Meeting GRC Executive Committee, Jan. 25, 1932, NA, RG 148.
39. Vincennes Sun-Commercial, Dec. 9, 1931. The derrick which belonged to the Ferguson Construction Co. had a 90-foot boom. The first section of flooring was poured on December 8, and the forms were stripped on the 9th. Forms for the second and final section of concrete flooring were positioned and concrete poured in the third week of December.
40. Ibid., Jan. 4, 1932, & June 14, 1936; Meeting of GRC Executive Committee, Feb. 12, 1932, NA, RG 148.
43. Ibid., June 7, 1932. The limestone was anchored to the concrete dome with heavy copper bolts.
44. Ibid., Aug. 23, 1932, & June 14, 1936.
45. Ibid., Sept. 25, 1932, & June 14, 1936.
48. Ibid., Dec. 2, 1932; Meeting of GRC Executive Committee, Dec.22, 1932, NA, RG 148.
49. Vincennes Sun-Commercial, Nov. 29, 1931.
52. Meeting of GRC Executive Committee, May 26, 1933.
53. Meeting of GRCSC, Jul 13, 1933, NA, RG 148; Vincennes Post, July 14, 1933.
54. Meeting of GRC Executive Committee, Dec. 4, 1931, NA, RG 148. Members of the subcommittee were: Christopher Coleman, chairman, Lee Burns, Msgr. Gavisk, Luther E. Smith, and Ralph Gilbert.
55. Meeting of GRC Executive Committee, Feb. 26, 1932, NA, RG 148. It was determined to have the grounds architects' names carved on the bridge, and those of the memorial on that structure.
56. Meeting of GRC Executive Committee, March 12, 1932, NA, RG 148.
57. Meeting of GRC Executive Committee, May 17, 1932, NA, RG 148.
58. Meeting of GRC Executive Committee, May 26, 1933, NA, RG 148. The Vincennes Post, in commenting on the economic benefit to the city of the contract, pointed out that W. R. Heath's weekly payroll during the 18 months the structure was under construction had average nearly $1,000, most of which had been spent locally. Vincennes Post, May 27, 1933.
Chapter 5
1. Meeting of GRC Executive Committee, Aug. 22, 1930, NA, RG 148.
2. Meeting of GRC Executive Committee, Sept. 17, 1930, NA, RG 148.
3. Meeting of GRC Executive Committee, Oct. 2, 1930, NA, RG 148.
4. Meeting of GRCSC, Oct. 9, 1930, NA, RG 148.
5. Meeting GRC Executive Committee, Nov. 18-19, 1930, NA, RG 148. Members of the Committee making the trip to New York were: Culbertson, Burns, Monsignor Gavisk, and Richards.
6. Meeting of GRC Executive Committee, March 20, 1931, NA, RG 148.
7. Meeting of GRC Executive Committee, Sept. 26, 1931, NA, RG 148.
8. Vincennes Sun-Commercial, Dec. 6, 1931.
9. Meeting of the GRC Executive Committee, April 7, 1932, NA, RG 148.
10. Meeting of the GRC Executive Committee, April 26, 1932, NA, RG 148.
11. Meeting of the GRC Executive Committee, Nov. 17, 1932, NA, RG 148. Monsignor Gavisk, who had taken great interest in the murals, had died in October, so the group missed his keen insight when it met with Winter in November.
12. Meeting of GRC Executive Committee, March 31, 1933, NA, RG 148.
13. Meeting GRC Executive Committee, Aug. 6, 1934, NA, RG 148.
14. Vincennes Sun-Commercial, Nov. 13, 1934.
16. Vincennes Post, Dec. 4, 1934.
17. Vincennes Sun-Commercial, Dec. 4, 1934; Vincennes Post, Dec. 4, 1934.
18. Vincennes Sun-Commercial, Dec. 6, 1934.
19. Ibid., Dec. 4, 11, & 13, 1934.
21. Meeting GRC Executive Committee, Nov. 7, 1930, NA, RG 148.
22. Meeting of GRC Executive Committee, Dec. 1, 1930, NA, RG 148. The four men making the New York trip were: Culbertson, Burns, Monsignor Gavisk, and Richards. At Hirons, suggestion Kiselewski had been employed as architectural sculptor for the memorial structure.
23. Meeting of GRC Executive Committee, Sept. 26, 1931, NA, RG 148.
24. Vincennes Post, July 14, 1933.
25. Meeting of GRC Executive Committee, Sept. 3, 1933, NA, RG 148.
26. Meeting of GRC Executive Committee, March 19, 1934, NA, RG 148.
27. Vincennes Sun-Commercial, Dec. 4 & 6, 1934.
28. Ibid., Dec. 9, 1934. On January 28, 1935, MacNeil was forwarded a check for $12,849.12, as final payment for his Clark bronze. MacNeil to Richards, Jan. 28, 1935, NA, RG 148.
29. Meeting of GRC Executive Committee, June 26, 1933, NA, RG 148. H.P. Pagami and Harry E. Raitano of the Francis Vigo Memorial Association on November 6, 1931, had urged that plans be developed for commemorating Vigo and that a statue of him be erected on the memorial grounds. They had been assured that this was being considered, but no action could be taken until it was known whether any funds would be available for such a project. Meeting of GRC Executive Committee, Nov. 6, 1931, NA, RG 148.
30. Meeting GRC Executive Committee, Jan. 8, 1934, NA, RG 148.
31. Meeting of GRC Executive Committee, Jan. 29, 1934, NA, RG 148.
32. Meeting of GRC Executive Committee, March 14, 1934, NA, RG 148.
33. Meeting of GRC Executive Committee, June 15, 1934, NA, RG 148.
34. Meeting of GRC Executive Committee, Oct. 26, 1934, NA, RG 148.
35. Polasek to Coleman, June 16, 1935, NA, RG 148; Vincennes Post, July 4, 1935.
36. Vincennes Sun-Commercial, Feb. 9, 1936; New York Times,May 24, 1936.
37. Vincennes Sun-Commercial, April 28, 1936; New York Times, May 24, 1936.
38. Vincennes Sun-Commercial, May 3 & 4, 1936; Angel to Richards, May 18, 1936, NA, RG 148. Angel returned to New York, as soon as the statue was set on the, 4 p.m. train.
39. Starrett to Wirsching, Aug. 10, 1946, files George Rogers Clark National Historical Park, cited hereinafter as, Files GRCNHP; personal interview, Starrett with Bearss, March 3, 1970. Starrett, 24 years later, still believes that the sunlight has not been good for the Winter murals and feels that the National Park Service should install frosted glass in the front of the memorial structure.
40. Wirsching to Winter, Jan. 13, 1947, files GRCNHP.
41. Winter to Wirsching, Feb. 1, 1947, files GRCNHP.
42. Cougill to Winter, May 7, 1947, files GRCNHP.
43. Starrett to Winter, Dec. 8, 1947, files GRCNHP.
44. Jones to Cougill, April 13, 1948, files GRCNHP.
Starrett to Jones, April 19, 1948, files GRCNHP.
46. Gulbrandsen to Custodian, June 16, 1948, files GRCNHP. Gulbrandsen's studio was in Port Washington, New York.
47. Starrett to Gulbrandsen, June 23, 1948, files GRCNHP.
48. Gulbrandsen to Starrett, July 31, 1948, and Starrett to Jones, Aug. 3, 1948, files GRCNHP.
49. Gulbrandsen to Cougill, Aug. 22, 1948, files GRCNHP. Winter had agreed to visit Vincennes while the work was in progress.
50. Cougill to Gulbrandsen, Aug. 26, 1948, files GRCNHP. When appraised of the estimate, Starrett commented that $4200 was "a lot of dough--a year's salary."
51. Starrett to Gulbrandsen, March 12, 1949, files GRCNHP; Vincennes Sun-Commercial, April 7, 1949.
52. Starrett to Gulbrandsen, March 10, 1950, files GRCNHP.
53. Gulbrandsen to Starrett, March 6, 1950, files GRCNHP.
54. Starrett to Stout, Oct. 8, 1964, files GRCNHP. In January and February, 1971, Walter Nitkiewiez and a team of student from Oberlin College cleaned the Winter murals.
Chapter 6
1. Minutes of the Aug. 26, 1927, meeting of the Indiana Commission, Emison Papers. At this meeting, a one-man committee was named to as certain the procedures necessary to secure the minting of a commemorative half-dollar and the issuance of a George Rogers Clark commemorative stamp. Because of the opposition of Treasury Secretary Andrew Mellon to the practice, no commemorative half-dollar was minted.
2. Vincennes Commercial, Jan. 29, 1928. The Kuhn tract was 200 feet by 400 feet and was located on the Wabash River to the southwest of the Fort Sackville site.
3. Vincennes Sun-Commercial, Feb. 25, 1954. At the Vincennes Post office, the George. Rogers Clark Sesquicentennial stamp had been placed on sale by the Postmaster-General.
4. Minutes of March 13, 1928, Meeting of Indiana Commission, Emison Papers. The commission at the same time voted to condemn Lot 23, the property of William and Jennie Hutton.
5. Meeting of GRCSC, Oct. 9, 1930, NA, RG 148.
6. Meeting of GRC Executive Committee, April 24, 1931, NA, RG 148. The warehouse was razed during the period, May 1-June 5, 1931. Coleman to Goldman, Dec. 5, 1931, NA, RG 148.
7. Vincennes Sun-Commercial, Nov. 4, 1931.
8. Ibid., Nov. 8, 1932. The Overland building had been used as an office by Premier Construction, while their workmen were embellishing The bridge approaches. In the past the home of Vincennes Auto Parts had housed a notorious resort.
9. Ibid., July 7, 1933. The middle building, occupied by the Brothers of the Sacred Heart, was not wrecked at this time. Vincennes Sun-Commercial, July 31, 1933.
10. Vincennes Sun-Commercial, May 17, 1932.
12. Meeting GRC Executive Committee, May 26, 1933, NA, RG 148; Vincennes Sun-Commercial, May 31, 1933. David H. Bond had been appointed watch man at the same time at a salary of $110 per month. Concrete bases had been poured for 12 granite seats to be positioned in two rows between the bridge approach and the memorial. Each seat was to be eight feet long and 2-1/2 feet wide.
13. Vincennes Sun-Commercial, June 20, 1933.
14. Meeting GRC Executive Committee, June 26, 1933, NA, RG 148; Vincennes Sun-Commercial, July 6, 1933.
15. Meeting of GRC Executive Committee, July 24, 1933, NA, RG 148. The Muellermist sprinkling system was to provide for 1,001 heads, with water pumped from a well on the memorial grounds.
16. Vincennes Sun-Commercial, July 31, 1933.
17. Ibid., Sept. 8 & 11, 1933.
18. Vincennes Post, July 29, 1940.
19. Vincennes Sun-Commercial, undated, clipping file, Vincennes Public Library. The bones were found near the alley behind the Florence Thuis property on Main Street.
20. Vincennes Post, July 29, 1940.
21. Vincennes Sun-Commercial, Oct. 19, 1933.
22. Meeting of GRC Executive Committee, Sept. 7, 1934, NA, RG 148. Arrangements had previously been made for lighting the exterior of the memorial from the soffit of the colonnade. Charles Kuhn was employed as day-watchman and Bond became night-watchman in September 1934. In creased visitation was responsible for the decision to provide round-the-clock protection.
23. Vincennes Sun-Commercial, Jan. 16, 1935.
27.Vincennes Post, Feb. 28, 1937.
28. Vincennes Sun-Commercial, June 16, 1938.
29. Meeting of GRC Executive Committee, Jan. 3, 1931, NA, RG 148.
30. Vincennes Sun-Commercial, March 2, 1931.
31. Meeting of GRC Executive Committee, March 20, 1931, NA, RG 148.
32. Vincennes Sun-Commercial, undated, clipping file, Vincennes Public Library.
33. Meeting of GRC Executive Committee, Oct. 28 & 29, 1931; meeting GRCSC, Jan. 28, 1932, NA, RG 148; Vincennes Sun-Commercial, undated, clipping file, Vincennes Public Library.
34. Vincennes Sun-Commercial, May 17, 1932. Local pressure had resulted in identifying the Indians as The Prophet and Tecumseh, rather than unidentified Indians present at Clark's capture of Fort Sackville.
36. Ibid. The bridge, on which construction was started in March 1931 had taken 17 months to build.
37. Ibid., Oct. 6 & Nov. 8, 1932.
39. Meeting of GRC Executive Committee, June 26, 1933, NA, RG 148.
40. Vincennes Post, July 14, 1933.
41. Ibid., Sept. 3 & 6, 1933; Indianapolis Star, Sept. 4, 1933. Sealed in the corner stone were: the Bible; copies of the constitutions of the United States and Indiana; photographs of Presidents Coolidge, Hoover and Roosevelt, and Governors Jackson, Leslie, and McNutt; the Indiana law creating the Clark Commission and the U.S. Statutes on the Sesquicentennial Commission; President Coolidge's message to Congress recommending a national memorial to Clark; a report of the hearings before the Joint Committee on the Library; a number of articles bearing on Clark and the memorial; George Rogers Clark commemorative stamps auto graphed by Postmaster-General Harry S. New; Frederick Yohn's "Surrender of Fort Sackville" postcard invitation to the commemoration of theses quicentennial of the surrender of Fort Sackville; photographs of the memorial, bridge, the old DAR marker, members of the commission, Architects Hirons and Parsons, Muralist Winter, and Sculptor MacNeil; and the reports by Magonigle and Hirons.
42. Meeting of GRC Executive Committee, July 10, 1929, NA, RG 148; Vincennes Commercial, Jan. 19, 1930.
43. Meeting GRC Executive Committee, July 11, 1930, NA, RG 148.
44. Vincennes Sun-Commercial, May 14, 1936. On a brass plate near the top of the stone were the words, Site of Fort Sackville.", Carved in the limestone below the plate was an inscription reading, "Captured by Col. George Rogers Clark from the British, Feb. 25, 1779, resulting in the U.S. acquiring the Great Northwest Territory, embracing the states of Indiana, Illinois, Ohio, Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota."
46. Wolf to Moore, Oct. 9, 1953, files GRCNHP. Doxie Moore was Director of the Department of Conservation.
47. Cougill to Wolf, Nov. 2, 1953, files GRCNHP.
48. Wolf to Cougill, May 30, 1954, files GRCNHP.
49. Stocker to Cougill, Dec. 16, 1953, & Cougill to Stocker, Jan. 8, 1954, files GRCNHP.
50. Vincennes Sun, Sept. 7, 1927.
51. Vincennes Commercial, Oct. 4, 1927.
53. Proos to Chief Engineer, GRCM, undated files GRCNHP. John Proos was an employee of Layne Northern Company, Inc.
54. Calman to Prange, Dec. 13, 1956, files GRCNHP. J. R. Calman was employed by Layne Northern Co., Inc.
55. Foltz to Hatchett, June 29, 1962. John T. Hatchett was Director of the Budget.
56. Foltz to Schenk, Feb. 22, 1963, files GRCNHP. Charles Schenk was a state senator from Knox County, while Donald E. Foltz had been named to the position of Director, Department of Conservation, by Governor Matthew Welsh.
Chapter 7
1. Meeting of GRC Executive Committee, Sept. 29, 1933, NA, RG 148. It was reported to the committee on January 8, 1934, that the discolorations had been removed.
2. Meeting of GRC Executive Committee, Sept. 3, 1933, NA, RG 148.
3. Coleman to Hartman, March 20, 1934, and Getman to Gordon, April 5, 1934, NA, RG 148. S. E. Gordon headed Hartman's bonding company.122
4. Meeting of GRC Executive Committee, March 26, 1934, NA, RG 148.
6. Schucker to Coleman, March 27 & 28, 1934, NA, RG 148.
7. Ibid., April 21, 1934, NA, RG 148.
9. Meeting of GRC Executive Committee, June 15, 1934, NA, RG 148. The stylobate was the continuous flat coping on which the 16 massive columns were supported.
10. McGaughey to Richards, May 20, 1936, NA, RG 148. With Heath seriously ill, McGaughey was managing the firm.
11. Schucker to Hirons, Aug. 7, 1934, NA, RG 148.
12. Schucker to Coleman, Sept. 8, 1934, NA, RG 148.
13. Ibid., Dec. 3, 1934, NA, RG 148.
14. Schucker to Heath Construction, March 20, 1935, NA, RG 148.
15. Schucker to Coleman, April 4, 1935, NA, RG 148.
16. Dr. Coleman had resigned as executive secretary on April 15, 1935, to become full-time director of the Indiana Historical Bureau. He was succeeded by Clem Richards of Terre Haute. Richards, in turn, was re placed by ex-Senator Fess, who had been defeated for re-election in the Democratic landslide of November 1934. Fess died in the summer of 1936, and Culbertson was then named to the post.
17. Schucker to Richards, June 23, 1936, NA, RG 148.
18. Schucker to Richards, Jan. 30, 1937, NA, RG 148.
19. Nothnagel to Culbertson, Dec. 31, 1938, files George Rogers Clark National Historical Park. These documents, hereinafter cited as files GRCNHP, were transferred to the custody of the National Park Service by the Indiana Department of Conservation in 1968.
20. Vincennes Post, April 20, 1939.
21. Schucker & Bixby to Commission, Sept. 1939, files GRCNHP.
23. Ibid.; "Report of Findings in the Inspection and Testing for Water Leakage also for Defective Electrical Wiring and Recommendations for Correction," by Schucker & Bixby, files GRCNHP.
24. Ibid. To ascertain the location of breaks in the waterproof membrane over the finished basement rooms, Schucker & Bixby made a number of tests on the terrace by "arranging dams and flooding the surfaces outside the dams."
25. Ibid. A large percentage of the mortar in the terrace wall joints had either fallen or was loose.
26. Ibid. A preliminary survey had shown that damage to wiring due to water was slight. The greatest defect in the electrical system was found in the underground wiring of the grounds lighting system. One of the underground cables had shorted, "causing the current to flow into the ground, burning off the insulation from an undetermined length of cable."
27. McGuire to Barnhart, Sept. 22, 1941, files GRCNHP. Barnhart was Director of the Department of Conservation.
28. Vincennes Sun-Commercial, Oct. 9, 1941. Accompanying Barnhart were: William Roth, chairman; Ernest Atkins, secretary; Charles De Turk, director, State Park Lands, and Water; Henry Prange, park engineer; William Bailey, maintenance engineer; Marc C. Wagoner, publicity director; William Caudell, custodian; Addison Beavers, deputy attorney general; and Judge Curtis Shake of the Indiana Supreme Court.
29. Ibid. Deputy Attorney General Beavers had been in contact with the B & O in regard to removal of the switch and spur.
30. Undated Report, files GRCNHP; Vincennes Sun-Commercial, Oct. 9, 1941.
31. Vincennes Sun-Commercial, Oct. 9, 1941.
33. Ibid.; undated report, files GRCNHP.
34. Vincennes Sun-Commercial, Oct. 9, 1941.
36. Ibid., undated report, files GRCNHP.
37. Bailey to Barnhart, Dec. 22, 1941, files GRCNHP. William Bailey was maintenance engineer with the Department of Conservation.
38. Bailey to Caudell, Dec. 22, 1941, files GRCNHP. A wooden batten door, width a two-by-four foot frame with celotex on both sides, was installed.
39. Vincennes Sun-Commercial, Oct. 13, 1943.
40. Specifications for Repair to Roof, George Rogers Clark Memorial, Oct. 11, 1943, files GRCNHP.
41. Vincennes Sun-Commercial, Oct. 13, 1943.
42. Contractor's Bid, submitted by Snyder Construction Co., Oct. 26, 1943, files GRCNHP.
43. Specifications f or Repairs to Masonry walls of George Rogers Clark Memorial, files GRCNHP.
44. Vincennes Sun-Commercial, Nov. 4, 1943.
46. Starrett to Wirsching, Aug. 15, 1946, files GRCNHP. Robert F. Wirsching was Director, State Parks, Lands, and Waters. The ribbed glass covers were 11-15/16" x 11-15/16".
47. Starrett to Wirsching, Aug. 15, 1946, files GRCNHP.
49. Vincennes Sun-Commercial, March 17, 1948. The copper flashing surrounded the dome.
50. Prange to Cougill, Aug. 29, 1950, and Midwest Roofing & Insulation Co. to Joice, June 29, 1950, files GRCNHP. The breakdown of the billing was: 30 rolls of felt @ $3 per roll, $90; 3 tons of as halt @ $52 per ton, $156; 5 tons of gravel @ $5 per top, $25; and 494-1/2 hours of labor at $3 per hour, $1,483.50. K. R. Cougill was Director, State Parks, Land and Water.
51. Prange to Cougill, Aug. 29, 1950, files GRCNHP.
52. Nance to State of Indiana, Sept. 5, 1950, files GRCNHP. S. T. Nance was manager of Midwest Roofing & Insulation Co., Inc.
53. Prange to Cougill, Aug. 29, 1950, files GRCNHP.
54. Cougill to Midwest Roofing, Sept. 29, 1952, files GRCNHP.
55. Stout to Prange, July 3, 1953, files GRCNHP. Stout and Joice at this time estimated that between 25 and 30 per cent of the mortar joints needed recaulking.
56. Prange to Starrett, Oct. 16, 1953, files GRCNHP.
57. Cougill to Biddle, Oct. 26, 1953, files GRCNHP.
58. Ibid.; Oct. 11, 1954, files GRCNHP.
60. Prange to Nance and Joice June 20, 1958, files GRCNHP. The reason for this notification was to make certain that Midwest Roofing and Joice did not place responsibility for leakage in the built-up roof on the caulking contractor.
61. Mitchell to Branigin, Nov. 18, 1965, files GRCNHP. John E. Mitchell had been appointed Director, Department of Natural Resources, by Governor Roger Branigin in 1965.
62. Cougill to Kunkel, March 13, 1952, files GRCNHP. Kenneth Kunkel was Director, Department of Conservation.
64. Contract of May 22, 1952, with Midwest Industrial Products, files Indiana State Parks. A copy of Prange's plan f or waterproofing & resurfacing the memorial pebble-concrete terrace is found in this report.
65. Frank A. Smith to Prange, March 24, 1954, files GRCNHP.
66. Undated Memo to the Files, files GRCNHP. Doxie Moore was Director of the Department of Conservation during the administration of Governor George Craig.
67. Prange to Cougill, June 30, 1954, files GRCNHP.
68. Vincennes Sun-Commercial, July 21, 1954.
69. Biddle to Stout, April 1956, files GRCNHP. About 15 to 20 feet of the tunnel on each side of the opening showed no evidence of condensation.
70. Prange to Hardwick, Oct. 17, 1957, files GRCNHP.
71. Contract and Specifications for Pointing and Sealing of Stone work of George Rogers Clark State Memorial, files GRCNHP.
72. Drawings by Starrett and Holcomb, Oct. 1958, files GRCNHP. E. J. Holcomb was a project engineer with Western Waterproofing.
73. Cougill to Hardwick, Nov. 21, 1958, files GRCNHP.
74. Marlin to Conklin, Aug. 19, 1959. E. Kenneth Marlin had replaced Cougill as Director, Department of Conservation.
75. Minderman to Starrett, Nov. 6, 1965, files GRCNHP. Two and one- half years before, in 1963, the Department had asked for $8,000 f or repairs to the "roof and plaza."
76. Mitchell to Branigin, Nov. 18, 1965, files GRCNHP. Mitchell was Director, Department of Natural Resources.
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Last Updated: 17-Sep-2001