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Geological Survey Bulletin 1444
Geology and Thermal History of Mammoth Hot Springs |
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Geologic history of Mammoth Hot Springs and surrounding area
Origin and chemical composition of Mammoth Hot Spring water and travertine deposits
Form and structure of the hot-spring deposits
Hot-spring cones
Terracettes
Collapse features
Tension fractures
Fissure ridges
Caves
Calcite "ice" and fossiliferous travertine
Age of the travertine formations and history of thermal activity at Mammoth Hot Springs
Terrace Mountain travertine
Pinyon Terrace
Old terraces between Hotel Terrace and the Gardner
River
Hotel Terrace
Hymen Terrace
Opal Terrace
Palette Terrace
Cavern and Reservoir Springs
Minerva Terrace
Main Terrace
Prospect Terrace
Narrow Gauge Springs and Cheops Mound
Angel Terrace and Glen Springs
Highland Terrace area
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
CECIL D. ANDRUS, SecretaryGEOLOGICAL SURVEY
H. William Menard, DirectorBarger, Keith E.
Geology and thermal hiatory of Mammoth Hot Springs, Yellowstone National Park, Wyo.
Geological Survey Bulletin 1444
Bibliography: p. 51-55.
1. Geology-Wyoming-Mammoth Hot Springs. 2. Travertine-Wyoming-Mammoth Hot Springs. 3. Mammoth Hot Springs. I. Title. II. Series: United States Geological Survey Bulletin 1444.
QE75.B9 no. 1444 [QE182.M35] 5573'08s 78-606065 [551.2'3'0978752]
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| Stalactite curtain at end of Elephant Back Terrace. |
ILLUSTRATIONS
Plate
1. Geologic map of Mammoth Hot Springs area and location of thermal springs active in May 1974 (omitted from the online edition)
Figure
1. Photograph showing steplike travertine terraces at Mammoth Hot Springs2. Geologic map of Mammoth Hot Springs and surrounding area
3—25. Photographs showing:
3. Mount Everts and Main Terrace
4. Steeply dipping fractures at Highland Terrace
5. Porous travertine of drill core
6. Dense vertically banded travertine
7. Dense travertine of drill core
8. Liberty Cap
9. Minerva Spring
10. Cupid Spring
11. Terracettes and overhanging terracette deposits of New Highland Springs
12. Collapse feature in the Highland Terrace area
13. White Elephant Back Terrace and spring MHS—30
14. Terminus of fissure ridge north of Devil's Kitchen Springs
15. Fissure ridge along north border of Main Terrace
16. Orange Spring Mound
17. Glen Springs
18. One of the grottos, White ElephantBack Terrace
19. Calcite "ice"
20. Texture produced by fossil microorganisms in travertine
21. Terrace Mountain and chaotic landslide blocks of Silver Gate
22. Glacial boulders on top of Terrace Mountain
23. Hot River
24. Narrow Gauge Terrace
25. Spring MHS—24
TABLES
Table
1. Geologic time scale2. Average chemical composition of Mammoth Hot Spring water compared with acid chloride water from Norris Geyser Basin and cold spring water from Snow Pass
3. Average chemical composition of gas exsolved from the Mammoth Hot Springs
4. Average chemical composition of travertine from Mammoth Hot Springs
5. Recorded history and temperatures of named thermal springs at Mammoth Hot Springs, 1870-1974
6. Recorded history and temperatures of unnamed thermal springs at Mammoth Hot Springs, 1954-1974
CONVERSION FACTORS
| Length | |
| 1 centimeter (cm) | = 0.3937 inches (in) |
| 1 meter (m) | = 3.281 feet (ft) |
| 1 kilometer (km) | = 0.6214 mile (mi) |
| Temperature | |
| degrees Celsius (°C) | = (degrees Fahrenheit (°F) - 32)/1.8 |
| Pressure | |
| 1 kilogram per square centimeter (kg/cm2) | = 14.22 pounds per square inch (lb/in2) |
| Volume Per Unit Time | |
| cubic meter per minute (m3/min) | = 264.2 gallons per minute (gal/min) |
| liter per minute (L/min) | = 0.2642 gallons per minute (gal/min) |
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Last Updated: 20-Nov-2007