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Fort Vancouver
Historic Structures Report |
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| Volume II |
CHAPTER VII:
ENDNOTES
1. For examples of uses of these names, see Beaver, Reports and Letters, p. 11; Emmons, "Journal," 3: entry for July 25, 1841 (Plate III, vol. I); and Lowe, "Private Journal," pp. 16, 17.
3. Caywood, Final Report, p. 13.
4. Lowe, "Private Journal," p. 21.
6. Ibid., pp. 30, 31, 42. Certain other sources give the date of the Modeste's arrival as November 30, 1845. Perhaps the discrepancy is due to the difference between land and sea time. See, for example, Barry M. Gough, The Royal Navy and the Northwest Coast of North America, 1810-1914: A Study of British Maritime Ascendancy (Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1971), p. 74.
7. For the date, see H.B.S., 7: map opp. p. 48.
8. Gough, Royal Navy and the Northwest Coast, p. 82. Un fortunately, Lowe was absent from the depot for a number of weeks prior to Baillie's departure, and thus there is no available day-by-day record of events at the post during what was a critical period as far as the fort's physical structure is concerned.
9. "Minutes of the Council of the Northern Department," pp. 849-50.
10. Barker, Letters of Dr. John McLoughlin, p. 348. There are several documents classified as Fort Vancouver "journals" in the Company's archives, but they are largely journals of expeditions; not one is a "journal of occurrences."
11. Roberts, "The Round Hand of George B. Roberts," p. 185.
12. Barker, Letters of Dr. John McLoughlin, p. 348.
13. "Minutes of the Council of the Northern Department," pp. 849-50.
14. Barker, Letters of Dr. John McLoughlin, p. 348.
17. H.B.S., 4:157 fn., 177-78.
18. Barker, Letters of Dr. John McLoughlin, p. 339.
19. "Minutes of the Council of the Northern Department," p. 850.
20. Cowie, Company of Adventurers, p. 280.
21. Fort Nisqually, Annual Accounts, MSS, vols. I and II, passim, in Fort Nisqually Collection, Huntington Library. At Fort Colvile, which was directly on the express route and where an accountant from Fort Vancouver generally made the final closing of the Columbia accounts, the outfit seems to have ended in April, at least during certain years. David H. Chance, Influences of the Hudson's Bay Company on the Native Cultures of the Colvile District, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes, Memoir no. 2 (Moscow, Idaho: University of Idaho, 1973), p. 52.
22. Lowe, "Private Journal," pp. 9-10, 49-50.
23. Cowie, Company of Adventurers, pp. 280-81.
26. Ermatinger, "Old Memo. Book," n.p. Presumably the order, or requisition, that Ermatinger copied four England was that for Outfit 1831, prepared from the "Scheme '31" mentioned by him. However, this writer has not examined the original requisition for 1831 to see when it was signed. It is known that the requisition for Outfit 1833 was prepared during March 1830, about three and a half years in advance, but the writer is not sure that goods were ordered that far ahead in 1828. Such could have been the case, because even by then McLoughlin was planning to have always on hand a year's stock in advance. H.B.S., 4:56.
25. Barker, Letters of Dr. John McLoughlin, p. 337; H.B.S., 3:388.
27. Barker, Letters of Dr. John McLoughlin, p. 337.
28. Cowie, Company out Adventurers, p. 225.
29. Fort Nisqually, Annual Accounts, 1834-1836, MSS, 2 vols., in Fort Nisqually Collection, Huntington Library; James Douglas to John Kennedy, "Fort Tako," July 22, 1840, typescript, in Fort Vancouver, Correspondence Outward, July 13, 1840-May 24, 1841, Letters Signed by James Douglas, in Provincial Archives of British Columbia.
30. McTavish, Behind the Palisades, p. 37.
31. For an example, see H.B.C., Account Book, Fort Vancouver, 1845-1846, H.B.C.A., B.223/d/161, MS, pp. 6—54.
32. Four examples see H.B.C.A., B.2 23/z/4, MS, n.p.
33. For an example, see H.B.C.A., B.223/d/154, MS, fols. 2d-6.
34. For an example, see H.B.C.A., B.223/d/212, MS, fol. 94.
35. Cowie, Company of Adventurers, pp. 226-27.
36. Ibid., p. 104; Evidently interest was only paid on balances exceeding £10. H.B.S., 3:387.
37. James Douglas to John Kennedy, "Fort Tako," July 22, 1840, in Fort Vancouver, Correspondence Outward, July 13, 1840-May 24, 1841, Letters Signed by James Douglas, in Provincial Archives of British Columbia.
38. Actually, the final closing of the Columbia District accounts was done at Fort Colvile, where a clerk from Fort Vancouver spent several days incorporating data from New Caledonia, the Snake Country, and other outposts that could not reach Fort Vancouver prior to the departure of the express. George T. Allan, "Journal of a Voyage from Fort Vancouver . . . to York Factory, March 22-July 14, 1841," type script, in Provincial Archives of British Columbia, p. 2; Wallace John McLean's Notes, pp. 190-91.
39. Ermatinger, "Old Memo. Book," n.p.
40. James Douglas to John Kennedy, "Fort Tako," July 22, 1840, in Fort Vancouver, Correspondence Outward, July 13, 1840-May 24, 1841, Letters Signed by James Douglas, in Provincial Archives of British Columbia.
41. Cowie, Company of Adventurers, p. 225.
42. Lowe, "Private Journal," p. 9.
44. James Douglas to John Kennedy, "Fort Tako," July 22, 1840, in Fort Vancouver, Correspondence Outward, July 13, 1840-May 24, 1841, Letters Signed by James Douglas, in Provincial Archives of British Columbia.
45. James A. Grahame to George Simpson, Vancouver, July 20, 1859, in H.B.C.A., A.11/71, MS, fols. 979-981. By 1859 the old Columbia District had long been discontinued, and the posts south of the 49th parallel constituted the new Oregon Department.
46. Roberts, "The Round Hand of George B. Roberts," p. 197.
47. Barker, Letters of Dr. John McLoughlin, p. 344; Cowie, Company of Adventurers, pp. 75-76.
48. Cowie Company of Adventurers, pp. 227-28.
49. Fort Nisqually Settlers' Accounts, Feb. 1842-Jan. 1843, MSS, in Fort Nisqually Collection, Huntington Library, pp. 18, 20, 21, 25. There is some indication that these exercises were written in 1847 by Charles Ross. If so, the writer may not have been a clerk but a son of Chief Trader Charles Ross who died in Victoria in 1844.
50. Barker, Letters of Dr. John McLoughlin, p. 344.
52. Ballantyne, Hudson Bay, p. 136.
53. Barker, Letters of Dr. John McLoughlin, p. 164.
54. Burt Brown Barker, The McLoughlin Empire and Its Rulers, Doctor John McLoughlin, Doctor David McLoughlin, Marie Louise (Sister St. Henry): An Account of Their Personal Lives, and of Their Parents , Relatives and Children; in Canada's Quebec Province, in Paris, France, and in the West of the Hudson's Bay Company (Glendale, California: The Arthur H. Clark Company, 1959), p. 245.
55. McLeod, Letters of Letitia Hargrave, p. 123; Duflot de Mofras who visited Fort Vancouver in 1841, said that the clerks assembled at their desks at 7:00 A.M. and worked until 9:00 P.M., "save for the time necessary for meals." Pipes, Extract from Exploration," p. 155.
56. Tolmie, Journals of William Fraser Tolmie, p. 177.
57. Lowe, "Private Journal," p. 16.
60. Tolmie, Journals of William Fraser Tolmie, p. 173.
61. Lowe, "Private Journal," p. 17.
64. Robert Clouston to Donald Ross, York Factory, September 28, 1849, in Robert Clouston, Correspondence to 1849, MSS, in Ross Papers, Provincial Archives of British Columbia.
65. Christ Church Cathedral, Victoria, B.C., Parish Register, Marriages, 1837-1872, P. 6.
66. Except where otherwise indicated, this sketch of Lowe's life is based on J. R. Anderson, "Notes and Comments," p. 103; H.B.S., 6:393; H.B. S., 29:187-88; John T. Walbran, British Columbia Coast Names, 1592-1906, . . . Their Origin and History (reprint ed., Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1972), pp. 306-7.
67. H.B.C.A., B.2 23/z/5, MS, fol. 265.
68. Caywood, Final Report, p. 13.
69. J. W. Nesmith, an emigrant of 1843, later testified that he thought the office was painted, but it is not clear whether he was referring to the Old or New Office. Br. & Am. Joint Comm., Papers, [9:]23, 34.
70. R. L. Moffat, del., Plan of Fort William, 1803-1820, As Reproduced from Lord Selkirk's Original Sketch of 1816, processed map (n.p. : McIntosh & Associates, February 1962). Until 1821 Fort William was a North West Company Post, but the architectural style was that adopted by the Hudson's Bay Company.
71. Ballantyne, Young Fur-Traders, pp. 31-32.
72. Gray, A History of Oregon, p. 150.
73. Br. & Am. Joint Comm., Papers [9:]23, 34.
76. Lowe, "Private Journal," pp. 28-29.
77. In 1844 the Fort Vancouver farm inventory included one "North West" canoe and two "Cheenook" canoes, but by 1845 there were no canoes listed as belonging to the depot. H.B.C.A., B.223/d/155, MS, p. 168; B.223/d/160, MS, p. 147. The Company ordinarily used boats and bateaux in its business in the Far West, but when canoes were required, as occasionally was the case, they and the men to handle them were generally hired from the natives. Evidently the canoe continued in more common use in New Caledonia.
78. H.B.C.A., B.223/d/155, MS, p. 148.
79. H.B.C.A., B.223/d/155, MS, p. 157.
80. H.B.C.A., B.223/d/160, MS, p. 140.
81. H.B.C.A., B.223/d/160, MS, p. 133.
82. H.B.C.A., B.223/d/181, MS, pp. 162-63.
83. Lowe, "Private Journal," p. 22.
85. Visit to British Columbia Maritime Museum, May 6, 1973.
86. Visit to Lower Fort Carry National Historic Park, October 4, 1970.
87. H.B.C.A., B.223/d/207, MS, fol. 142.
88. H.B.C.A., D.5/6, MS, fols. 71-71d.
89. Ballantyne, Young Fur-Traders, p. 31.
90. H.B.C., Merchandise Exported, 1842-1854, H.B.C.A., A.25/7, MS, fols. 22d—26.
91. Barker, Letters of Dr. John McLoughlin, pp. i, 348.
93. H.B.C.A., B.223/d/207, MS, fol. 142.
94. H.B.C.A., B.239/n/71, MS, fol. 162. For further data see p. 279 in vol. I of this report.
95. H.B.C.A., B.223/d/181, MS, p. 80; B.223/d/207, MS, fol. 142.
96. H.B.C.A., B.223/d/181, MS, p. 80.
97. Ibid.; B.223/d/161, MS, p. 32; B.223/d/207, MS, fol. 142d.
98. H.B.C.A., B.223/d/181, MS, p. 80; B.239/m/13, MS; B.239/n/71, MS, fol. 162.
99. H.B.C.A., B.223/d/207, MS, fol. 142.
100. H.B.C.A., B.239/m/13, MS.
101. H.B.C.A., B.239/m/13, MS; B.239/n/71, MS, fol. 162.
102. H.B.C.A., B.223/d/207, MS, p. 63.
103. Cowie, Company of Adventurers, p. 225. Cowie said that the ledgers came ruled horizontally only, so that the clerks had to rule the columns.
104. H.B.C.A., B.239/m/13, MS.
105. H.B.C.A., B.239/n/71, MS, fol. 162.
106. H.B.C.A., B.223/d/181, MS, p. 80.
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