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Fort Vancouver
Historic Structures Report |
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| Volume I |
CHAPTER XI:
ENDNOTES
1. Lowe, Private Journal, MS, 4; H.B.C.A., B.223/d/155, MS, 37
2. Lowe, Private Journal, MS, 4, 7.
5. In general function, that is storage and sales, the buildings of 1845 resembled those of 1841, but not in specific function. For instance, the fur store of 1845 was on the site of the 1841 Indian trade shop; and the receiving store of 1845 was on the site of the 1841 fur store.
6. Testimony of T. Lowe, in Br. & Am. Joint Comm., Papers, [II], 24; testimony of W. H. Gray, in ibid., [VIII], 164.
8. Lowe, Private Journal, MS, 4.
10. Lowe, Private Journal, MS, 11.
11. Lowe, Private Journal, MS, 17.
12. H.B.C.A., B.223/6/42, MS, fols., 148-150d.
13. Br. & Am. Joint Comm., Papers, [IX], 75-77.
14. For citations of sources relating to the destruction of the sale shop see Hussey, History of Fort Vancouver, 157-160.
15. On August 27, 1844, Clerk Thomas Lowe at Fort Vancouver noted in his diary: "Men getting their advances from the Sale Shop." These words may indicate that the once-a-year rule was still in force at the depot. Lowe, Private Journal, MS, 4.
16. William Fraser Tolmie, "Diary," in Washington Historical Quarterly, XXIII (July, 1932), 216. See also Tolmie, Journals, 173, 176-177.
17. In 1845 and early 1846 the basic pricing policy for sales at Company shops was that stated in the first standing rule of the Standing Rules and Regulations of 1843. This first standing rule reads as follows:
That the following be the Tariff for Sales throughout the Northern and Southern Departments.
Commissioned Gentlemen. The Depot Inventory Tariff for all Goods supplied them during the Summer and 25 p Cent thereon for all subsequent supplies, without distinction, whether taken at the Depot or Inland, Wines and Spirits excepted, to be at 100 p Cent on the Depot Inventory Tariff, but all Country and Colonial Produce at the Depot Inventory Tariff or actual cost throughout the year.
Clerks and Servants. 50 p Cent on the prime cost of all imported Goods and 12-1/2 p Cent on the Depot Cost of all Country made articles, supplied during the Summer at the Depot Wines and Spirits excepted, to be continued at fixed prices viz. Madeira Wine 20/- Port and all other Wines 16/- Shrub Gin and Brandy 16/- Spirits reduced to proof strength 12/- p Gallon: and all subsequent supplies without distinction of articles, whether taken at the Depot or Inland, to be charged 50 p Cent on the Depot Inventory Tariff, with the exception of Wines and Spirits, to be sold at 50 p Cent on the Depot Summer Sale Tariff to Servants, all country Produce to be sold throughout the year at 50 p Cent and Red River or Colonial Produce at 12-1/2 p Cent on Inventory prices.
Wesleyan Missionaries -- to be charged at the Tariff for Sales to Clerks and Servants. H.B.C.A., B.239/k/2, MS, 293.
As far as the Columbia District was concerned, this tariff was modified by the Council of the Northern Department of Rupert's Land at its meeting at Red River beginning June 7, 1845:
In order to simplify the Sale Tariffs in the Columbia District
It is Resolved 76th That they be determined as follows vizt Commissioned Gentlemen Clerks and Servants as p. 1st Standing Rule of 1843, the Summer Tariff at the Depot, commencing on the 1st March and ending on the 31st October each year. Sandwich Islanders on wages exceeding the Standard of the District 200 p.Cent or upwards on prime cost, Settlers and Missionaries of all denominations and strangers 100 p.Cent on prime cost for Cash or approved Bills, Dollars being valued at 4/6 each. Settlers in payment of Furs or wheat to receive goods at 50 p.Cent on prime cost. H.B.C.A., B.239/k/2, MS, 364-365; both quotations supplied through the kindness of Mrs. Joan Craig, Archivist, H.B.C.
18. Roberts, "The Round Hand of George B. Roberts," in OHQ, LXIII (June-September, 1962), 182.
19. Drury, First White Women, I, 112.
20. H.B.C.A., B.223/d/155, MS, 51.
21. John A. Hussey, Champoeg: Place of Transition: A Disputed History (Portland, Oregon, 1967), 108-109; H. S. Lyman, "Reminiscences of F. X. Matthieu," in OHQ, I (March, 1900), 102.
22. Fort Nisqually, Settlers' Accounts, Nov. 1841-Sept. 1842, MS, I, 2-3, in Fort Nisqually Collection, in Henry E. Huntington Library and Art Gallery, San Marino, California. The above entries are extracts only and do not reproduce Flett's complete account.
23. Fort Nisqually, Settlers' Accounts, June 1842-Sept. 1843, MS, III, 21.
24. Lyman, "Reminiscences of F. X. Matthieu," in OHQ, I (March, 1900), 102.
25. Cowie, The Company of Adventurers, 225.
26. Glazebrook, The Hargrave Correspondence, 27-28.
28. Drury, First White Women, I, 112-113.
30. Minto, "Reminiscences," in OHQ, II (September, 1901), 246.
32. Elliott, "British Values in Oregon," in OHQ, CCCII (March, 1931), 43.
33. H.B.C.A., B.223/b/39, MS, fols. 109d-118d.
34. J. A. Grahame to Dugald Mactavish, Vancouver, June 18, 1855, MS, in Fort Nisqually Collection.
35. H.B.C.A., B.223/b/41, MS, fols. 114d-116.
36. H.B.C.A., B.223/b/42, MS, fols. 144d-145d.
37. This sketch of Grahame's career is based principally upon Cowie, The Company of Adventurers, 466; Hussey, History of Fort Vancouver, 110; Lowe, Private Journal, MS, 8-11; and E. E. Rich, ed., The Letters of John McLoughlin from Fort Vancouver to the Governor and Committee, Third Series, 1844-46 (Publications of the Champlain Society, Hudson's Bay Company Series, vol. VII, Toronto, 1944) (hereafter cited as H.B.C., VII), 107 note.
38. Br. & Am. Joint Comm., Papers, [II], 118-119.
39. These estimates are derived by measuring between the outside edges of the footings of opposite walls, not between the footing centers as shown on Mr. Caywood's map. Caywood, Final Report, 10-11, and Map of Archeological Excavations, sheet 4. Ordinarily in Company structures the outside edges of the footings were flush with the outer surfaces of the sills and walls they supported.
40. Caywood, Final Report, 10.
41. Vavasour ground plan (see plate VI); and Br. & Am. Joint Comm., Papers, [II], 91, 137, 176-177; [IX], 119; [XI], 219.
42. Testimony of W. H. Gray, in ibid., [VIII], 184.
43. The surviving old H.B.C. warehouse at Fort St. James, British Columbia, has full head room on its second story, and its windows are even closer to the top of the walls than were those at Fort Vancouver. Compare plate XXVIII and plate LXXVIII. The clearance on the second floor of the St. James warehouse is 6 feet 9 inches.
44. Testimony of W. H. Gray, 1866, in Br. & Am. Joint Comm., Papers, [VII], 184. He resisted an attempt by a lawyer to get him to state that the posts were 22 feet high. It is interesting to note that the posts at the Fort St. James warehouse, a very comparable structure, are about 16 feet 4-1/2 inches high.
45. Inquiries should be addressed to Director, Technical Services Branch, Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development, 400 Laurier Avenue W., Ottawa 4, Ontario, Canada.
46. Br. & Am. Joint Comm., Papers, [VIII], 164.
48. Br. & Am. Joint Comm., Papers, [IX], 119.
49. Ibid., [II], 37. It should be noted, however, that a visitor of 1841 said that the fort buildings then were "generally" of "hewn logs." Emmons, Journal, MS, III, entry for July 25, 1841.
50. J. Calder Peeps, A Preliminary Survey of the Physical Structure of Fort Langley, B. C., 19th November 1858 (typewritten, [Vancouver]: University of British Columbia, June 30, 1953), 18.
51. Testimony of T. Nelson, in Br. & Am. Joint Comm., Papers, [IX], 88.
52. Based on examination of the water color copy of the Coode sketch in the H.B.C. Archives.
53. Thompson, Grand Portage National Monument, Great Hall, illustration 42.
54. Peeps, A Preliminary Survey of the Physical Structure of Fort Langley, MS, 21. At least some of the upstairs windows at the York Factory depot were also side-hung and opened inwards. See illustration in The Beaver, Outfit 288 (winter, 1957), 59.
55. However, the Coode water color indicates that at least one Fort Vancouver warehouse probably had four upstairs windows in an end wall.
56. Br. & Am. Joint Comm., Papers, [VIII], 149; [IX], 267.
57. Testimony of L. Brooke, in Br. & Am. Joint Comm., Papers, [VIII], 128; see also ibid., 216.
58. Peeps, A Preliminary Survey, MS, 18. The authority for this assumption is not apparent, however, since the source cited by Mr. Peeps contains no mention of such a floor.
60. Field trip, A. L. Koue and J. A. Hussey, September 8, 1967.
61. In the trading store at Lower Fort Garry, the siding on three sides of the shop room is horizontal and unbeaded, while that on one end is vertical and beaded. Field Visit, A. L. Koue and J. A. Hussey, September 20, 1967.
62. Br. & Am. Joint Comm., Papers, [IX], 267.
64. The design of these bars will be found in the drawings of the Fort St. James warehouse prepared under the direction of Mr. A. L. Koue (plate XCII).
65. For examples, see H.B.C.A., B. 223/d/155, MS, 103, 107, 108-109. ee extracts from inventories in this chapter and chapter XII.
66. There are examples of interior stairs with risers, as at Fort St. James, but these seem to have been of rather recent construction for the most part. The stair at Fort St. James does have a hand rail.
67. Data gathered on field visit, September 8, 1967.
68. Br. & Am., Joint Comm., Papers, [VIII], 276.
69. H.B.C.A., B.226/b/16, MS, fol. 46, as quoted by Peeps, A Preliminary Survey, MS, 50-51.
71. Deposition of E. A. Tuzo, in Br. & Am. Joint Comm., Papers, [II], 176-177.
72. Lyman, "Reminiscences of F. X. Matthieu," in OHQ, I (March, 1900), 102-103.
73. Robert Michael Ballantyne, The Young Fur-Traders: Snowflakes and Sunbeams (London: Ward, Lock & Co., Limited, [n.d.]), 73-74.
74. Canada, Department of Northern Affairs and National Resources, National Park Branch, Lower Fort Garry National Historic Park (Ottawa 1967), 6, quoting H. M. Robinson, The Great Fur Land or Sketches of Life in the Hudson's Bay Territory (1879).
75. Bagley, "Journal of Occurrences at Nisqually House," in Washington Historical Quarterly, VI (July, 1915), 196.
76. H.B.C.A., B.226/b/16, MS, fol. 46, as quoted in Peeps, A Preliminary Survey of the Physical Structure of Fort Langley, MS, 50-51.
77. H.B.C.A., B.113/2/1, MS, fol. 130, as quoted in Peeps, A Preliminary Survey, MS, 51-52. There seems to have been an error of some sort in copying the paragraph on the gun racks and shelves.
78. Field visit, A. L. Koue and J. A. Hussey, September 21, 1967. Drawings and photographs made by Mr. Koue at Seven Oaks House will be found in his folders of Fort Vancouver architectural data.
79. H.B.C.A., B. 223/d/l55, MS, 143.
80. H.B.C.A., B.223/d/181, MS, 171; copy supplied through the courtesy of Mrs. Joan Craig, Archivist, H.B.C.
81. Cowie, The Company of Adventurers, 213; McKenzie, "Forty Years in Service of the Hudson's Bay Company Inland," in The Beaver vol. I, no. 5 (February, 1921), 15. There seem to have been exceptions to this rule, particularly in later years, but no evidence of stoves in the shops or warehouses at Fort Vancouver has been found. For mention of a Carron stove in the trading store-office at Fort Ellis in 1876, see McKenzie, "Forty Years," in The Beaver, vol.1, no.5 (February, 1921), 15.
82. Actually, inventories seem to have been taken in November or December of the year preceding the date of the inventory.
83. This inventory is from H.B.C., Account Book, Fort Vancouver, 1844 [Inventories], H.B.C.A., B.223/d/155, MS, 37-51. In reproducing this list, prices and total value figures have been omitted as not germane to the present study. No attempt has been made to correct errors in spelling, but certain explanatory material has been added in brackets, particularly when to do so on the first appearance of an abbreviation or unusual term would seem to be helpful.
84. Goods under this heading and the next three headings represent items acquired from various individuals or sources and not received from London. Chief Factor John McLoughlin had purchased goods from Captain Varney of the Thomas Perkins in 1841, and those here listed seem to have been still on hand. H.B.S., VI, 37.
85. This inventory is found in H.B.S., Account Book, Port Vancouver, 1845 [Inventories], H.B.C.A., B.223/d/160, MS, 1-13. Only a sampling of items not included in 1844 inventory is given here to show additional varieties of goods sold.
86. From H.B.S., Account Book, Fort Vancouver, 1846 [Inventories], H.B.C.A., B.223/d/165, MS, 126-141.
87. Minto, "Reminiscences," in OHQ, II (September, 1901), 246.
88. H.B.C., Account Books, Fort Vancouver, 1840-41 [Country Produce Inventories], H.B.C.A., B.223/d/137, MS, 10. There are also other separate inventories of country made articles and country produce for the Columbia District during the 1840's in the Company's Archives. That made in the spring of 1846, for instance, is in B.223/d/161, MS, 119-[136].
APPENDIX TO CHAPTER XI:
ENDNOTES
1. H.B.C.A., B.223/d/161, MS, 26.
2. H.B.C.A., A.l1/70, MS, fols. 110-111.
3. Cowie, The Company of Adventurers, 242.
4. McTavish, Behind the Palisades, 234.
5. H.B.C.A., A.l1/70, MS, fol. 251d.
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