|
Fort Vancouver
Cultural Landscape Report |
|
III. FORT VANCOUVER: TRANSITION, 1847-1860 (continued)
ENDNOTES
852The large jump in population between 1849 and 1850 is not attributable to immigration alone; by this time settlers in Oregon who had decamped en mass to the goldfields of California had returned, with and without gold; many were to establish themselves by selling materials and produce at inflated prices to new Californians still searching for gold.
853Landerholm, Notices and Voyages, p. 145.
854William Barlow, "Reminiscence of Seventy Years," Oregon Historical Quarterly, XIII (September 1912), pp. 278-9.
855Charles Carey, General History of Oregon Prior to 1861, 3rd ed. (Portland, Oregon: Binfords and Mort, 1971), pp. 334-5.
856Hussey, History of Fort Vancouver, p. 210.
857BAJC, Vol. XI, pp. 230-238.
859Thomas, "St. James Mission," pp. 15, 20, 33.
860"The Legacy of Mother Joseph,"n.p., n.d., vertical file, Clark County Historical Society.
861The Legacy of Mother Joseph, n.p.
864E.E. Rich, ed., London Correspondence Inward from Eden Colvile, 1849-52, Vol. XIX (London: Publications of the Hudson's Bay Record Society, 1956), p. 10 (Hereafter referred to as HBRS XIX).
865Robert Hine and Savoie Lottinville, eds., Soldier in the West: Letters of Theodore Talbot (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1972), pp. 126-7.
866Elliott, "British Values in Oregon," p. 43.
867P.W. Crawford, Description of Fort Vancouver as it was in 1847 (typescript), PABC.
868Kane, Wanderings of an Artist, p. 197.
869Patricia Meyer, ed., Lempfrit, Honore-Timothee, O.M.I. His Oregon Trail Journal and Letters from the Pacific Northwest, 1848-1853, trans. Patricia Meyer and Catou Levesque (Fairfield, WA: Ye Galleon Press, 1976), p. 163.
871Bradford, Alden, "The Oregon and California Letters of Bradford Ripley Alden," California Historical Quarterly XXVIII (September 1949), pp. 199-231.
874John Work to Edward Ermatinger, 23 November 1847, Ms. 319, Oregon Historical Society.
875Ogden and Douglas to Simpson, 3 March, 1848. Baron Strathcoma Papers, OHS mss. 1502, Oregon Historical Society.
876Ogden and Douglas to Gov and Comm. 1 October 1848, 10/1/48, B.223/b/38, folios 53-59, HBCA.
877Ogden to Governor, 20 March 1851, B.223/b/39, folios 66d-69d, HBCA.
880Ballenden to Colvile, Fort Vanc. 11 March 1852, B.223/b/39 folios 109d-118d, HBCA.
881John Ballenden to P.S. Ogden, Memo, n.d., B.223/z/5, folio 104, HBCA.
882Ballenden to Simpson 6 July 1852, B.223/b/40, folios 13-17, 36d-38d, HBCA.
884HBRS XIX. p. 198n.; Ballenden to Douglas and Work 2 November 1852, B.223/b/40 ins. folios 36d-38d, HBCA.
885Ogden to Simpson 29 March 1853, B.223/b/41 folios 2-3; 30 May 1853, B.223/b/41 folios 2-3, 11-12d; Ogden to Simpson, 12 July 1853, B.223/b/41 folios 15-15d, HBCA.
887BAJC, Vol. XI, p. 232. The Company held onto its acreage at Mill Plain to the bitter end--at least the cultivated sections; Ebey was probably mistaken in his estimates, since there is no evidence that cultivation on Mill Plain ever exceeded 1,000 acres.
888Mactavish To Simpson, B.223/b/41 folios 48-48d, HBCA.
889Grahame to Mactavish, 18 June 1855, ms. in Fort Nisqually Collection.
890Mactavish to Simpson 22 July 1856, B.223/b/41 folios 114d-116; Mactavish to Simpson 18 August 1857, B.223/b/41 folios 139d-141, HBCA.
891Results of Trade, Oregon Dept Outfit 1858, A.11/71 ms. folio 961, HBCA; Grahame to Simpson, 4 September 1859, B.223/b/42, folios 133d-135d, HBCA.
892Ogden and Douglas to Simpson 15 March 1847, B.223/b/35/ folios 66d-67, HBCA; Ogden and Douglas to Gov. and Comm. 20 September 1847, B.223/b/36 folios 75-84d, HBCA; Ogden and Douglas to Simpson, 3 March, 1848, Baron Strathcoma Papers, OHS mss. 1502, Oregon.
893Ruth Rockwood, ed. "Diary of Rev. George H. Atkinson, D.D., 1847-1858," Oregon Historical Quarterly XL (June 1939), p. 184.
894John Ballenden to William F. Tolmie, 1 November 1852, Tolmie Add Mss. 557, V. 1, folder 1, PABC.
895Bradford Alden, "Letters," pp. 202-3.
896BAJC, Vol. XI, pp. 230-238.
897Mactavish to Simpson 4 August 1855, B.223/b/41 fol85d-86d, HBCA.
900BAJC, Vol. II, pp. 114-115.
901Ibid., pp. 113-115; D.H. Vinton to Genl. P.F. Smith, 1 October 1849, RG 92, Box 1175, National Archives. Vinton reported the usual price of lumber at $20 per thousand, but said "At present these prices are advanced five fold..."
902BAJC, Vol. XI, pp. 230-238.
905Vancouver folder, microfilm D-9, set 1, reel 49, PABC.
906Rufus Ingalls to Maj. Gen. T.S. Jesup, 3 December 1849, RG 92, Box 1175, National Archives.
907D.H. Vinton to Genl. P.F. Smith, 5 October 1849, RG 92, Box 1175, National Archives.
908"Jenning's Original Manuscript Journal of the Overland Trip from Oregon City to Fort Hall and Salt Lake Ms. 428, Washington State Historical Society, from original in Yale Western Americana collection, p. 3.
909Hine and Lottinville, eds., Soldier in the West, pp. 129, 132-3.
910D.H. Vinton to Genl. P.F. Smith, 5 October 1849, RG 92, Box 1175, National Archives.
911P.S. Ogden to Rufus Ingalls, 28 May 1850, RG 92, Box 1175, National Archives; Extracts from British Foreign Office Documents, Fort Vancouver, PABC.
912"A Military History of Fort Vancouver Barracks, Washington Territory," n.d. (typesecript), m. Vancouver Barracks #01, Washington, Fort Lewis Army Museum, Washington, p. 17.
914"Amount of Rent Collected by the HBC from the US Quartermaster for buildings at Ft Vanc WT," 1849-60, B.223/z/5, folio 52, HBCA; Lewis McArthur, Oregon Geographic Names, pp. 319-20. It is not clear if the land was rented for Grant's personal use--he did, in fact, attempt to farm potatoes as an investment crop while at Fort Vancouver--or for use by the government to supply the army.
915Hine and Lottinville, eds., Soldier in the West, p. 167.
916Bradford Alden, "Letters," pp. 199-231.
918Captain H.D. Wallen to Maj. G.T. Rains, 6 July 1855, RG 92, Box 1176, National Archives; Rufus Ingalls to General Thos. Jesup, 12 December 1856, RG 92, Box 1176, National Archives.
919Robert Frazer, ed., Mansfield on the Condition of the Western Forts 1853-54, (Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press, 1963), pp. 170-175.
921Rufus Ingalls to William Tolmie, 6 August 1857, Tolmie Add Mss. 557, V. 1, folder 1, PABC.
923John Work, Memoranda, 28 March 1860, B.223/z/5, folios 65-66, HBCA. See also Folio 69 (testimony of Kaulehelehe).
924A.G. Dallas (HBC) to Brg. Genl. W.L. Harney, May 1860, B.223/z/5, folios 62-63, HBCA.
925A.G. Dallas (HBC) to Lord Lyons, HBM Envoy Extraordinary, 15 August 1860, B.223/z/5 , folio 109, HBCA.
926"Journal of Service of Lieutenant Charles William Wilson, R.E., with Boundary Commission," April 20, 1858-June 11, 1860, Vol. I, trans. G.M. Fray, Mss. 368, pp. 89-90, PABC.
927George Gibbs, "Report of George Gibbs Upon the Geology of the Central Portion of Washington Territory, Olympia, W.T. 1 May 1854," in ---- Reports of Explorations and Surveys... 1853-54, Vol. I, (Washington: Beverley Tucker, 1855), a report to 33d Cong. 2d sess., S. Ex. Doc. 78, p. 473.
929Kane, Wanderings of an Artist, p. 186.
931For a detailed discussion of these buildings, see Hussey, History of Fort Vancouver and Hussey, Historic Structure Report, Vols. I, II.
932Lowe, Journal, January 1848, n.p.
933Lowe, Journal, folio 64. See also discussion of the stockade and the bastion Hussey, Historic Structure Report, Vols. I, II.
934"Jenning's Original Manuscript," p. 6.
935BAJC, Vol. XI, p. 371-3; Ibid., pp. 218-228.
938Honore-Timothee Lempfrit Oregon Trail Journal, p. 164.
939Kane, Wanderings of an Artist, pp. 171-2.
940For a discussion of the walls see Marlessa Gray, "Structural Aspects of Fort Vancouver, 1829-1860"; Hussey, History of Fort Vancouver, Final Report Fort Vancouver Excavations, by Louis Caywood, (July 1955).
941Lowe, Journal, 18 June 1846, n.p.
942Coode's watercolor was executed sometime in 1846-47. An earlier birds-eye view of the stockade interior done around 1845-46 is attributed to Henry J. Wane.
943Hoffman and Ross, Fort Vancouver Excavations XIII, Structural Inventory, p. 60; Hussey, Historic Structure Report, Vol. 1, pp. 71-74.
944Hoffman and Ross, Fort Vancouver Excavations XIII, p. 64; Hussey, Historic Structure Report, Vol. I, pp. 61-70.
945Hoffman and Ross, Fort Vancouver Excavations XIII, pp. 68-9; Hussey, Historic Structure Report, Vol. I, pp. 75-82.
946Hussey, Historic Structure Report, Vol. I, pp. 416-422; Hoffman and Ross, Fort Vancouver Excavations XIII, Structural Inventory, p. 66, Table 3, Figure 3.
947Hoffman and Ross, Fort Vancouver Excavations XIII, p. 63. Table 3, Figure 3.
948D.H Vinton to Genl. P.F. Smith, 1 October 1849, RG 92, Box 1175, National Archives.
949"Amount of Rent," B.223/z/5, Folios 72-77, HBCA.
950Rufus Ingalls to Maj. Genl. Thos. Jesup, 23 December 1856, RG 92, B1 176, National Archives.
951See Hussey's discussion, History of Fort Vancouver, p. 157.
953BAJC, Vol. XI, pp. 218-228.
954BAJC, Vol. II, pp. 202-3; Hussey, History of Fort Vancouver, p. 154; Hussey, Historic Structure Report, Vol. II, pp. 289-307.
955BAJC, Vol. IX, pp. 74-77; Hussey, Historic Structure Report, Vol. I, plate XXX.
957Hussey, History of Fort Vancouver, pp. 159-160.
958BAJC, Vol. II, p. 116; BAJC, Vol. IX, pp. 24-25.
959Hussey, History of Fort Vancouver, p. 113.
960Thomas and Galm, "Archaeological Testing and Data Recovery Excavations for a Proposed Utility Corridor."
961Hussey, Historic Structure Report, Vol. II, pp 425-429.
966BAJC, Vol. II, p. 225. As noted earlier, grasses were sown at Fort Nisqually by 1842.
967"Extracts from British Foreign Office Documents," Fort Vancouver, PABC.
968The sutler's store, north of the St. James Mission enclosure and west of the Hudson's Bay Company's cemetery, is shown on the 1855 Covington sketch and the Sohon illustration, as well the 1850s army maps. In the illustrations, it is a gable-roofed structure within a small picketed yard. It may have been a Hudson's Bay Company dwelling, although it is not shown on the Peers or Covington maps of 1844 and 1845.
969"Amount of Rent," B.223/z/5, Folios 72-77, HBCA.
970BAJC, Vol. II, pp. 180, 215.
971Brig. Gen. James F. Rusling, Inspector, Quartermaster Dept., "Report of Inspection of the Depot and Fort Vancouver WT," November and December 1866, RG 92, Box 1176, National Archives.
972BAJC, Vol. II, pp. 96, 176; Vol. XI, p. 120.
974Ballenden to Ogden, Memo, n.d., B.223/z/5, folio 104, HBCA.
977Rockwood, "Diary of Rev. George H Atkinson," p. 184.
978Carey, ed., The Journal of Theodore Talbot , p. 88.
979Hine and Lottinville, eds., Soldier in the West, p. 129.
980"Amount of Rent," B.223/z/5, Folios 72-77, HBCA.
982D.H. Vinton to Genl. P.F. Smith, 5 October 1849, RG 92, Box 1175, National Archives.
983Frazer, Mansfield on the Condition of the Western Forts 1853-54, pp. 170-175.
984Rufus Ingalls to Cross (Chief, Quartermaster Department, Department of the Pacific, Benecia), RG 92, Box 1175, National Archives.
987"Amount of Rent," B.223/z/5, Folios 72-77, HBCA; British and American Joint Commission for the Final Settlement of Claims of the Hudson's Bay and Puget's Sound Agricultural Companies, Evidence for the United States in the Matter of the Claim of the Hudson's Bay Company, Vol. VIII (Washington: McGill & Witherow, 1867) p. 537 (Hereafter referred to as BAJC, Vol. VIII).
988P.W. Crawford, Description of Fort Vancouver as it was in 1847 (typescript), PABC.
989Honore-Timothee Lempfrit Oregon Trail Journal, p.164.
990Reference to rental of the rectory is in Case No. 26 of the Corporation of the Catholic Bishop of Nisqually in Washington Territory, Plantiff Against John Gibbon et al., Defendants. Catholic Bishop of Nisqually, United States Referee Report Vols. 7-15, Envelope No. 1, W. Byron Daniels, Reported, August 5, 1891, signed by A. Reeves Ayers, Clerk of the Circuit Court of the United States to the District of Washington, as cited in Bryn Thomas, "St. James Mission," p. 11.
991"Amount of Rent," B.223/z/5, Folios 72-77, HBCA; "A Military History of Fort Vancouver Barracks" p. 18. Joseph Petrin (Petrain) was apparently a baker for the Company at Fort Vancouver, and later performed various services for the army until at least 1857.
992Hussey, History of Fort Vancouver, p. 210.
993BAJC, Vol. II, pp. 110-111.
994Warner and Munnick, Vancouver, II, p. 147
995Maj Gen Thomas Anderson, "Vancouver Barracks," Journal of the Military Service Institution v. 35, no. 131 (Sept.-Oct. 1904), ms. 240, Washington State Historical Society.
996Ballenden to Ogden, Memo, n.d., B.223/z/5, folio 104, HBCA.
997"Amount of Rent," B.223/z/5, Folios 72-77, HBCA.
998According to the Catholic church records, in early February of 1852 Catherine (Kitty) McIntosh gave birth to a daughter; on May 6 Julia Catherine Noble was baptized and Kitty McIntosh was buried. Her daughter followed her to the grave in August of 1852. Warner and Munnick, Vancouver, H, passim.
1002Carey, ed., The Journal of Theodore Talbot , p. 88.
1003D.H. Vinton to Genl. P.F. Smith, 5 October 1849, RG 92, Box 1175, National Archives.
1004Amount of Rent," B.223/z/5, Folios 72-77, HBCA.
1005"A Military History of Fort Vancouver Barracks," p. 17.
1006Rufus Ingalls, "Report of Material, Labor &c. expended in the construction of buildings at Fort Vancouver, Oregon from July 1, 1849 to March 31, 1851 as shown from the reports and returns of Captain Rufus Ingalls, AGM," RG 92, Box 1175, National Archives.
1007By 1854 the Sutler's store is located in a structure within a picketed yard north of St. James Mission.
1008D.H Vinton to Genl. P.F. Smith, 5 October 1849, RG 92, Box 1175, National Archives.
1009Carey, ed., The Journal of Theodore Talbot, p. 134.
1010Rufus Ingalls to Maj. General Thos. Jesup, 3 December 1856, RG 92, Box 1176, National Archives.
1011"A Military History of Fort Vancouver Barracks," p. 17.
1012Rufus Ingalls, "Report of Material, Labor &c. expended in the construction of buildings at Fort Vancouver, Oregon from July 1, 1849 to March 31, 1851 as shown from the reports and returns of Captain Rufus Ingalls, AGM," RG 92, Box 1175, National Archives.
1013Rufus Ingalls to Major R. Allen, 14 October 1850, RG 92, Box 1175, National Archives.
1014Rufus Ingalls to Major R. Allen, 23 November 1850, RG 92, Box 1175, National Archives.
1015Rufus Ingalls, "Report of Material, Labor &c. expended in the construction of buildings at Fort Vancouver, Oregon from July 1, 1849 to March 31, 1851 as shown from the reports and returns of Captain Rufus Ingalls, AGM," RG 92, Box 1175, National Archives.
1016"A Military History of Fort Vancouver Barracks," pp. 19-20.
1017"Jenning's Original Manuscript," p. 2.
1018Ballenden to Ogden, Memo, n.d., B.223/z/5, folio 104, HBCA.
1019Thomas Brent reported at the end of fiscal year 1855 that "...a set of Laundress's quarters has been added to the Company Kitchen--as many of the laundresses for want of quarters are living in the kitchens of the officers much to their annoyance and discomfort." Thomas L. Brent, "Report of additional alterations and repairs of public buildings required for the better accommodations of the Officers and men and preservation of the public property at Fort Vancouver, W.T. during the fiscal year ending June 30 1855," RG 92, Box 1176, National Archives.
1020Frazer, Mansfield on the Condition of the Western Forts 1853-54, pp. 170-175.
1021Thomas L. Brent, "Report of Public Buildings," 30 June 1854, RG 92, Box 1175, National Archives.
1022Thomas L. Brent, "Annual Estimates...for year ending June 30 1854", RG 92, Box 1175, National Archives.
1023Thomas L. Brent to B.L.E. Bonneville, 1 November 1854, RG 92, Box 1175, National Archives.
1025Thomas L. Brent, "Report of additional alterations and repairs of public buildings required for the better accommodations of the Officers and men and preservation of the public property at Fort Vancouver, W.T. during the fiscal year ending June 30 1855," RG 92, Box 1176, National Archives.
1026Rufus Ingalls to Maj. Osborne Cross, 26 April 1856, RG 92, Box 1175, National Archives.
1027J. Simpson (surgeon) to Brig. Genl. Clark, 8 October 1857, RG 92, Box 1176, National Archives.
1028Rufus Ingalls to Maj. Genl. Thos. Jesup, 23 December 1856, RG 92, Box 1176, National Archives; Rufus Ingalls to Maj. Genl. Thos. Jesup, 12 June 1857, RG 92, Box 1176, National Archives.
1029----"Location, Extent and Construction of the Buildings in Charge of the Quartermaster's Dept. at Fort Vancouver, W.T.," 1864, RG 92, Box 1176, National Archives.
1030Rufus Ingalls to Maj. Genl. Thomas Jesup, "Report of Public Buildings at Fort Vancouver," 20 July 1858, RG 92, Box 1176, National Archives.
1032Ballenden to Ogden, Memo, n.d., B.223/z/5, folio 104, HBCA.
1033In the 1850s Covington sketch, what appear to be deciduous trees are shown south of the bastion corner. An 1851 Gibbs sketch also shows a few scattered deciduous trees in the area Since this conflicts with the 1844 map, it appears that either new trees were planted in that area after the 1844 fire, or that the artists were not accurate in their depiction of that particular area of the orchard.
1036Grahame to Smith, 4 September 1858, B.223/b/42 folios 95-95d, HBCA, as cited in Hussey, "Fort Vancouver Farm," p. 119.
1037John Work later reported that the army had removed 5,000 rails from the site it cleared; the army reported that only four or five hundred yards of fence existed on the site in March of 1860, prior to demolition. Perhaps the army did not include the west orchard fence in its inventory; perhaps the claims of both were exaggerated.
1041"Public" was a common term used in correspondence when referring to army possessions.
1042BAJC, Vol. II, p. 215; Grahame to Simpson, 2 September 1859, B.223/b/42, folios 146d-147d, HBCA; Grahame to Fraser 19 September 1859, B.223/b/42, folios 148-150d, HBCA.
1043BAJC, Vol. XI, pp. 230-238.
1045Pambrun was an older son of Pierre Pambrun, a chief trader for the Company. Alexandre and siblings grew up at Fort Vancouver, and later moved to Oregon City, where he married the daughter of Chief Trader Samuel Black in 1851. He apparently returned to Fort Vancouver, where he took up a claim east of the fort, claiming the same land, according to William Crate, that William Ryan claimed. After his wife's death, some time soon after 1859, he placed a surviving child in a convent school in Oregon City and left for Montana. Warner and Munnick, Vancouver, I & II, pp. A61-62.
1046Hine and Lottinville, eds., Soldier in the West, pp. 129, 132-3.
1047See Pastures and Fields section, 1847-1860, of this document.
1054John Work later said the lands were under cultivation and leased for the year.
1055Hussey, "Fort Vancouver Farm," p.115.
1056Thomas and Hibbs, Excavations at Kanaka Village, Vol. 1.
1058Carey, ed., The Journal of Theodore Talbot, p. 88.
1060Carey, ed., The Journal of Theodore Talbot, p. 88.
1061"Amount of Rent," B.223/z/5, Folios 72-77, HBCA; BAJC, Vol. II, p. 321.
1062"Amount of Rent," B.223/z/5, Folios 72-77, HBCA.
1065BAJC, Vol. XI, pp. 218-228.
1067BAJC, Vol. IX, pp. 81-82. On March 5 the army formally requested the Company remove all enclosures and structures on the site; clerk John Work, in charge while Chief Trader Grahame was away, refused.
1068John Work correspondence, B.223/z/5, folios 65-66, folio 69, HBCA.
1071Possibly one of these was the James Johnson dwelling.
1072Frazer, Mansfield on the Condition of the Western Forts 1853-54, pp. 170-175.
1073"A Military History of Fort Vancouver Barracks," pp. 19-20.
1074Frazer, Mansfield on the Condition of the Western Forts 1853-54, pp. 170-175.
1075Thos. L. Brent to B.L.E. Bonneville, 1 November 1854, RG 92, Box 1175, National Archives.
1076Thomas L. Brent, "Report of Public Buildings," 30 June 1854, RG 92, Box 1175, National Archives.
1077Charles Hopkins, "Inspection of Public Buildings at Fort Vancouver for year ending June 30 1862," RG 92, Box 1176, National Archives.
1078Both are on the 1859 maps.
1079The 1859 maps present a problem in assessment, because the stables, formerly a rectangular building flanked by corrals, now appears as an open courtyard enclosed by buildings on all sides. The next available map, 1871, shows only three sides to the corral. One possible explanation is that the old stable, "'not worth repairing," in 1854, stood for several more years, as additional sheds were added to enclose the east corral. Part or all of the ensemble could have been replaced when a new stable was built on the site in the following decade.
1080Rufus Ingalls to Maj. Osborne Cross, 12 June 1857, RG 92, Box 1175, National Archives. An 1864 list of buildings at Fort Vancouver says the quartermaster's stable was built in 1856.
1081Thomas and Hibbs, Excavations at Kanaka Village, Vol. 2, pp. 641-680.
1082Chance and Chance, Kanaka Village/Vancouver Barracks 1974, pp. 290-1; Thomas and Hibbs, Excavations at Kanaka Village, Vol. 2, pp. 409-420.
1083"...an additional building for post blacksmith shop to supply the place of the one destroyed by fire will be required," Charles Hopkins, "Inspection of Public Buildings at Fort Vancouver for year ending June 30 1862," RG 92, Box 1175, National Archives. There is no reference to a warehouse or storehouse in the 1862 list of buildings; there is, however a framed stable listed as having been built in 1858 in the 1864 list of buildings at Fort Vancouver. The structure in question looks like a stable in the photograph, and may have been the third stable listed in the 1862 list of buildings, later converted to a warehouse.
1084Chance and Chance, Kanaka Village/Vancouver Barracks 1974, p. 290.
1086There is one sketch by artist Paul Kane, c. 1846, which is identified as "Fort Vancouver, west end," held by the Stark Foundation of Orange, Texas. On the sketch, however, the artist noted it as "Mount Hood from near Fort Vancouver." The exact site of this sketch, which some believe may be the river front area, is not known. This author believes it is actually a sketch looking northeast from either the south Columbia river bank, possibly at Tom McKay's former farm--by then he had moved to the Willamette Valley--or, more likely, from the west side of Sauvie Island, looking up river towards Vancouver.
1088BAJC, Vol. VIII, pp. 129-130.
1089BAJC, Vol. II, pp. 176, 184-6.
1091B.223/z/5 folios 65-66, folio 69, HBCA.
1092BAJC, Vol. II, pp. 189-192.
1093Michael Tubs was a witness at a funeral for a Sergeant Smith of the Fourth Infantry in January of 1854, and it seems possible he was also in the army at the Vancouver post. Two Carson or Casson babies were baptized, in 1851 and 1852, the children of Agnes Tub and John Carson or Casson. A baby baptized in 1853 was the daughter of Maria Tub and Aram Fields.
1096Washington National Guard 1961: Vol 2, pp. 53, 128, 136, 144, as cited in Thomas and Hibbs, Excavations at Kanaka Village, Vol. 1, p. 60.
1097Charles "Desroches" (de Roche) lived in one of the buildings along "river road" in Kanaka Village, as shown on the Covington map. It is not clear why--if it is the same Charles--he would have rented this building for one month, or why the company would have charged him, since he was a Company employee, at least in 1846. He was in the Vancouver vicinity until at least 1854, when, a widower with at least four children, he remarried in the Catholic church. Also, his house is one of the few Kanaka Village houses deemed worth describing in the 1846-47 inventory: it was "lined and ceiled."
1098Carley, HBC Kanaka Village/Vancouver Barracks 1977, pp. 14-19, 23-24.
1099The fences around the Lattie and Ducheney houses can be seen in one of the 1851 Gibbs sketches, beyond the Company-army corral; in the 1855 Covington "bird's eye" watercolor of Fort Vancouver, and in the c. 1855 Hodges sketch of Fort Vancouver.
1100Palmer, "Journal of Travels," p. 210.
1101BAJC, Vol. II, pp. 176; 202-3.
1103Ogden and Douglas to Simpson, 3 March, 1848. Baron Strathcoma Papers, OHS mss. 1502, Oregon Historical Society, Portland, Oregon.
1104B223/z/5 folios 65-66, folio 69, HBCA.
1105Honore-Timothee Lempfrit Oregon Trail Journal, p. 164.
1107BAJC, Vol. II, pp. 416-17.
1108April 26, 1856, Rufus Ingalls to Maj. Osborne Cross, 26 April 1856, RG 92, Box 1175, National Archives.
1109Rufus Ingalls to Maj. Genl. Thos. Jesup, 23 December 1856, RG 92, Box 1176, National Archives.
1110Rufus Ingalls to William Tolmie, 6 August 1857, Tolmie Add Mss. 557, V. 1, folder 1, PABC.
1111Rufus Ingalls to Maj. Gen. Thomas Jesup, "Report of Public Buildings at Fort Vancouver," 20 July 1858, RG 92, Box 1175, National Archives.
1112Charles Hopkins, "Inspection of Public Buildings at Fort Vancouver for year ending June 30 1862," RG 92, Box 1176, National Archives.
1113Rufus Ingalls to Maj. Gen. Thomas Jesup, "Report of Public Buildings at Fort Vancouver," 20 July 1858, RG 92, Box 1175, National Archives.
1114Hussey, History of Fort Vancouver, p. 222.
1121Ballenden to Colvile, 11 March 1852, B.223/b/39, folios 109d-118d; Ballenden to Barclay, 23 March 1852, B.223/b/39, folios 108-9, HBCA.
1122BAJC Vol. XI, pp. 230-238.
1123Mactavish to Simpson, 30 June 1855, B.223/b/41, folios 81d-82, HBCA; Mactavish to Simpson, 4 August 1855, folios 85d-86d; Results of Trade, Oregon Department, Outfit 1858, A.11/71, folio 961, HBCA.
1125James Grahame to Simpson and Fraser, February-November 1859, B.223/b/42, folios 113-115; 146d-150d; 155-157, HBCA.
1128----- Reports of Explorations and Surveys...1853-54, Vol. I, (Washington: Beverley Tucker, 1855), a report to 33d Cong. 2d sess., S. Ex. Doc. 78, p. 204. Testimony by William Crate and others indicate that Kolsas and Camas plain were one in the same; "Camass Plain" can be seen in the 1844 Peers map.
1130Hussey, Champoeg, pp. 114-118, 196-199.
1131BAJC, Vol. XI, pp. 218-228.
1132Kathryn Troxel, "Fort Nisqually and the Puget's Sound Agricultural Company." Thesis, Department of History, Indiana University, 1950, passim.
1133Elliott, "British Values in Oregon," p. 36.
1136Thomas Vaughan and Priscilla Knuth, eds., "The Round Hand of George B. Roberts," passim.
| <<< Previous | <<< Contents >>> | Next >>> |
fova/clr/clr2-3n.htm
Last Updated: 27-Oct-2003