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FORT UNION
Historic Resource Study |
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CHAPTER NINE:
ENDNOTES
1. A history of the quartermaster department is Ema Risch, Quartermaster Support of the Army: A History of the Corps, 1775-1939 (Washington: Office of the Quartermaster General, 1962). The details of the construction of the quartermaster depot and related facilities at Fort Union were related in chapters 6 and 7.
2. The supply of the army in the Southwest and the importance of military expenditures to the economy of the region have been accurately summarized and evaluated in two substantial studies: Frazer, Forts and Supplies: The Role of the Army in the Economy of the Southwest, 1846-1861 (1983) and Miller, Soldiers and Settlers: Military Supply in the Southwest, 1861-1885 (1989).
3. Risch, Quartermaster Support of the Army, 314.
4. AR of QMG Thomas S. Jesup, AR SOW, 1852, House Exec. Doc. No. 1, 32 Cong., 2 sess. (Serial 674), p. 109.
5. Frazer, Forts and Supplies, 2-3. Frazer continued: "Such items as military clothing, ordnance stores, and medical supplies were completely unavailable. Of the many and varied stores for which the quartermaster's department was responsible, it was expected that New Mexico would furnish fuel and a large part of the forage for public animals, but even some feed grains were hauled from Fort Leavenworth. Accommodations such as quarters, barracks, stables, and storehouses obtained locally. . . . New Mexico was depended on for none of the components of the regularly constituted ration; all would be brought over the trail from Fort Leavenworth."
6. Henry Pickering Walker, The Wagonmasters: High Plains Freighting from the Earliest Days of the Santa Fe Trail to 1880 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1966), 230-232.
7. Frazer, Forts and Supplies, 96, 215-216n29.
8. Ibid., 41, 96-97; and Walker, Wagonmasters, 234, 237, 240-241.
9. Sumner to Carleton, Mar. 4, 1852, LS, 9MD, USAC, RG 393, NA.
10. Sumner to Jones, Aug. 24, 1852, ibid.
11. Jones to Nichols, July 6, 1857, LS, FU, USAC, RG 393, NA; Nichols to Jones, July 9, 1857, LS, DNM, USAC, RG 393, NA.
12. Frazer, Forts and Supplies, 97-98, 173, 189.
15. Magruder to Rucker, Dec. 21, 1854, LS, FU, USAC, RG 393, NA.
16. Whittlesey to Sykes, June 11, 1855, ibid.
17. Nichols to Thorn, Sept. 27, 1855, LS, DNM, USAC, RG 393, NA.
18. Nichols to Stewart, Jan. 29, 1855, LS, DNM, USAC, RG 393, NA; and Frazer, Forts and Supplies, 98-99. Frazer wrote: "Spies and guides were used . . . in all major Indian campaigns. The spies and guides were, for the most part, Spanish Americans and Indians, usually under the command of a Spanish American." Ibid., 98.
21. Magruder to Rucker, Oct. 2, 1854, LS, FU, USAC, RG 393, NA; and Frazer, Forts and Supplies, 12.
22. When the army occupied New Mexico it was almost impossible to buy lumber. There was no sawmill in the province. The first sawmill in the department was erected by the army. Ibid., 11.
23. Ibid., 101. The major corn contractors were William H. Mcore and Burton F. Rees of Tecolote. Ibid., 102.
24. A fanega was fixed by the army at the time at 140 pounds. Flour Contracts in Department of New Mexico, 1853-1859.
25. Frazer, Forts and Supplies, 106.
26. The lower prices were usually at Fort Union and the higher prices at the more isolated posts.
27. Frazer, Forts and Supplies, 102, 105.
31. Sumner to Conrad, May 27, 1852, AR SOW, Sen. Ex. Doc. No. 1, 32 Cong., 2 sess. (Serial 659), 23-26.
32. Easton to Jesup, Aug. 2, 1854, CCF DNM, QMG, RG 92, NA.
33. Frazer, Forts and Supplies, 1-2.
35. Ibid., 34; and Katie Bowen to Mother, Aug. 24 & Sept. 2 & 3, 1851, Bowen Letters, AC. Also, see chapter 2.
36. Frazer, Forts and Supplies, 40.
37. McFerran to Loring, Mar. 9, 1858, LS, QM DNM, USAC, RG 393, NA.
38. Nichols to CO FU, May 24, 1858, Unregistered LR, FU, USAC, RG 393, NA.
39. Frazer, Forts and Supplies, 154-155.
41. A brief sketch of the New Mexican social scene was provided by Miller, Soldiers and Settlers, 1-2: "By 1860 New Mexico had a highly stratified society in which a small wealthy Hispanic class shared social, economic, and political power with the wealthier and more talented members within the Anglo community. Most New Mexicans were illiterate and poor, subsisting in small rural villages or working on large ranches. The territory's capital and principal town was Santa Fe, which claimed a population of 4,635. It was also the leading commercial center, and merchants and entrepreneurs who clustered there engaged in a lucrative trade over the Santa Trail. . . . Despite the importance of merchants and townspeople, the vast majority of families who lived in the Military Department of New Mexico cultivated the soil and cared for livestock."
42. Frazer discovered in his study of military contractors in the department prior to the Civil War that approximately 15% were Hispanos, about 15% were Anglos who had resided in New Mexico before the Mexican War, and the other 70% were persons who came to the region during or after that war. Forts and Supplies, 188.
43. Frazer found that "most of those who derived the major advantage as purveyors to the army were Anglo-Americans, often middlemen who purchased the products of the Spanish Americans for resale to the military. With the passage of time, however, native New Mexicans assumed a more important role in supplying the army directly." Ibid., 17. Frazer also found that "the number of Anglo-Americans, other than military personnel, residing in New Mexico with some degree of permanence increased markedly. . . . The army provided jobs for both skilled and unskilled workers, and the expansion of private enterprise created additional employment. The professions were soon represented by a growing number of practitioners and other individuals who engaged in commerce, farming, and ranching; provided a variety of services; or, in a few cases, developed industries." Ibid., 19-20.
45. General Orders No. 22, July 20, 1861, HQ DNM, CCF DNM, QMG, RG 92, NA.
46. Frazer, Forts and Supplies, 97.
47. Miller, Soldiers and Settlers, 8; and Chapman to Anderson, Aug. 18, 1861, LS, FU, USAC, RG 393, NA.
48. McFerran to Donaldson, Oct. 3, Nov. 29, & Dec. 23, 1861, & McFerran to Post Adjt., Dec. 28, 1861, LS, CQM, DNM, USAC, RG 393, NA.
49. Compiled from Frazer, Forts and Supplies, 179-181. Most of these items were delivered to the Fort Union Depot and some to Albuquerque and other posts. See, also, Miller, Soldiers and Settlers, 5-7.
50. Frazer, Forts and Supplies, 180.
51. Loring to Thomas, Mar. 23, 1861, OR, Ser. I, v. 1, pp. 599-600; McFerran to Donaldson, Sept. 23 & Oct. 22, 1861, LR, CQM, DNM, USAC, RG 393, NA; and McFerran to 3rd Auditor, Jan. 29, 1862, LS, ibid.; McFerran to Meigs, April 28, 1862, & Jan. 10, 1863, ibid.
52. McFerran to Meigs, Dec. 31, 1862, & April 12, 1863, LS, QM DNM, USAC, RG 393, NA; and McFerran to Meigs, July 26, 1865, OR, Ser. III, v. 5, pp. 444-447.
53. McFerran to Meigs, April 28, 1862, McFerran to Canby, May 3, 1862, & McFerran to Hodges, McFerran to Van Vliet, & McFerran to Chapin, May 26, 1862, ibid.
54. Chapin to McFerran, May 26, 1862, LS, DNM, USAC, RG 393, NA.
55. McFerran to Roberts, June 19, 1862, ibid.; Canby to Carleton, July 9, 1862, OR, Ser. I, v. 9, pp. 682-683; Stores Shipped by the QM Dept., 1862, Misc. Records, CQM, DNM, USAC, RG 393, NA.
56. Santa Fe Weekly Gazette, June 21, 1862.
57. Miller, Soldiers and Settlers, 17.
60. Santa Fe Gazette, April 18, 1863.
61. Estimate of Funds Required for Use of QM Dept. at Fort Union, during Feb. 1863 & April 1864, LR, CQM DNM, USAC, RG 393, NA; and McFerran to Garrison, Dec. 28, 1863, LS, ibid.
62. Carleton to CQM, Sept. 15, 1865, LS, DNM, M-1072, reel 3, USAC, RG 393, NA.
63. Mahoney to McFerran, Oct. 13, 1864, LR, QM DNM, USAC, RG 393, NA.
64. McFerran to Enos, April 2, 1865, LS, CQM DNM, USAC, RG 393, NA; Cutler to Shinn, July 30, 1865, & Carleton to Enos, Sept. 19, 1865, LS, DNM, M-1072, roll 3, USAC, RG 393, NA.
65. Easton to Depot QM, Oct. 29, 1867, LR, QM FU, USAC, RG 393, NA. The table has been edited for publication.
66. Rucker to Hunter, Feb. 4, 1868, LS, CQM DNM, USAC, RG 393, NA; Hunter to Bradley, Feb. 5, 1868, LS, DNM, M-1072, roll 4, USAC, RG 393, NA; and Evans to AAAG, June 16, 1868, LR, DNM, USAC, RG 393, NA.] The reduction of troops in the district from what it had been during the Civil War also contributed to the smaller number of civilians needed.
67. Lee to Depot QM, July 1, 1881, LR, QM FU, USAC, RG 393, NA. The table has been edited for publication.
68. Miller, Soldiers and Settlers, 25.
70. Ibid., 31. After the Civil War, when cattle were more plentiful, mutton was seldom served to soldiers. In 1875 Fort Union Post Surgeon William H. Gardner complained about this: "We are in a country where Mutton is one of the commonest articles of food . . . yet it is impossible to get anything but beef." He recommended that mutton be issued at least twice a week. Post Surgeon to Post Adjt., Sept. 30, 1875, LR, FU, USAC, RG 393, NA.
71. The story of the troops at Maxwell's Ranch and the reasons the Indians were supplied there are found in chapters 6 and 7.
72. McClure to DeForrest, Sept. 28, 1867, LR, OIG, RG 159, NA.
74. Miller, Soldiers and Settlers, 198.
75. Dudley to AAAG, April 15, 1880, LS, FU, USAC, RG 393, NA.
76. One of these corrals, located near the Sapello River and the Santa Fe Trail, was still standing in 1993 and was commonly known as the "Fort Union Corral." See below.
77. Enos to Kronig, April 2 & 14, 1867, LS, CQM DNM, USAC, RG 393, NA; and Kronig to Ludington, Oct. 16, 1868, LR, QM DNM, ibid.
78. Miller, Soldiers and Settlers, 113.
80. Circular, April 22, 1875, CQM DNM, LR, QM FU, USAC, RG 393, NA.
81. Miller, Soldiers and Settlers, 114-116.
82. See above. Because Kronig cared for Fort Union horses and cattle and, most likely, conducted his forage agency business at the site, it was understatable that the corral was associated with Fort Union in the minds of the public. The modern version of that association claimed the corral was a part of Fort Union, where, according to some variations, horses for the garrison were kept and, according to others, where beef cattle for the post were kept. Both horses and cattle belonging to the army were likely kept there, but the corral belonged to Kronig who contracted with the government. Further research should be conducted on this site and accurate interpretive signs erected. The story and importance of forage agents has not been adequately told.
83. Circular, April 22, 1875, CQM DNM, LR, QM FU, USAC, RG 393, NA.
84. Miller, Soldiers and Settlers, 50.
85. Ibid., 68, 359-360, 402n131.
86. Smith endorsement, Aug. 14, 1874, & Mar. 18, 1875, FU Depot QM endorsements, USAC, RG 393, NA; and Miller, Soldiers and Settlers, 100-101.
87. Compiled from contracts in CCF FU, QMG, RG 92, NA.
88. In 1882 Captain Charles A. Woodruff, district commissary officer, reported that during the previous year almost all flour was shipped from Kansas. Woodruff to CGS, July 17, 1882, LS, CCF DNM, RG 92, NA.
89. Miller, Soldiers and Settlers, 257.
90. Meigs to AG, Oct. 20, 1869, AR SOW, 1869, House Exec. Doc. No. 1, pt. 2, 41 Cong., 2 sess. (Serial 1412), 1869, 206; Ludington to AAAG, June 8 & 30, 1869, LS, CQM DNM, USAC, RG 393, NA; and McClure to Kobbe, Oct. 5, 1869, LS, CCS DNM, USAC, RG 393, NA.
91. Miller, Soldiers and Settlers, 258.
92. Matthews Letters, June 15, 1870, FUNMA.
93. Myers to AAAG, Feb. 14 & 23, 1874, LR, DNM, M-1088, roll 23, USAC, RG 393, NA.
94. Matthews Letters, April 13, 1874, FUNMA.
95. Hoberg to Depot QM, Sept. 22, 1874, & Smith to CQM, Oct. 9, 1874, & Smith to AAAG, Oct. 23, 1874, CCF FU, QMG, RG 92, NA.
96. Smith endorsement, Mar. 31, FU Depot QM endorsements, USAC, RG 393, NA; Hoberg to Smith, April 5, 1875, & Smith endorsement, April 18, 1875, CCF FU, QMG, RG 92, NA; and Kimball endorsement, July 9 & Nov. 20, 1875, FU Depot QM endorsements, USAC, RG 393, NA.
97. Price to Kimball, Mar. 27, 1878, & Hatch to AAG, Mar. 30, 1878, LR, DNM, M-1088, roll 32, USAC, RG 393, NA.
98. Pope to Drum, AR SOW, 1877, House Exec. Doc. No. 1, pt. 2, 45 Cong., 2 sess. (Serial 1794), 67.
99. Miller, Soldiers and Settlers, 258, 263.
103 Bradley to Meigs, Oct. 8, 1868, CCF FU, QMG, RG 92, NA.
104. Petition, Aug. 15, 1868, CCF FU, QMG, RG 92, NA. The petition was signed by 69 employees, including a shop foreman, laborers' foreman, storekeeper, time keeper, engineer, fireman, machinist, cooper, tinsmith, brick molder, brick mason, 3 carpenters, 4 wheelwrights, 5 blacksmiths, 4 blacksmith strikers, 2 saddlers, 2 painters, 2 stonemasons, 5 cooks, and 31 laborers. One cook and 13 laborers had Hispanic surnames.
105. Meigs endorsement, Oct. 30, 1868, to Bradley to Meigs, Oct. 8, 1868, CCF FU, QMG, RG 92, NA.
106. Miller, Soldiers and Settlers, 273-274.
107. McGonnigle endorsement, April 4, 1873, FU Depot QM endorsements, USAC, RG 393, NA.
108. Miller, Soldiers and Settlers, 275-277.
110. Smith endorsement, April 26, 1875, FU Depot QM endorsements, USAC, RG 393, NA.
111. Matthews Letters, June 27, 1870, FUNMA.
112. Alexander, Inspection Report for FU, April 27, 1867, & Davis, Inspection Report for FU, Dec. 28, 1872, OIG, RG 159, NA.
113 Miller, Soldiers and Settlers, 306-307; and AR SOW, 1865, House Exec. Doc. No. 1, 39 Cong., 1 sess. (Serial 1249), 112-114.
114. Miller, Soldiers and Settlers, 307-308.
115. McFerran to Meigs, June 11, 1864, LS, QM DNM, USAC, RG 393, NA.
116. Santa Fe New Mexican, Jan. 20, 1865.
117. Miller, Soldiers and Settlers, 308.
120. Pope to Hartsuff, Oct. 31, 1870, AR SOW, 1870, House Exec. Doc. No. 1, pt. 2,41 Cong., 3 sess. (Serial 1446), 17.
121. Getty to Pope, June 9, 1870, LS, DNM, M-1072, reel 4, USAC, RG 393, NA.
122. Miller, Soldiers and Settlers, 314.
123. Platt to CO, Mar. 1, 1876, LR, DNM, M-1088, roll 27, USAC, RG 393, NA.
124. Contract by Col. Stewart Van Vliet with Jacob Gross, Aug. 9, 1875, CCF FU, QMG, RG 92, NA; and Miller, Soldiers and Settlers, 314, 316-317.
125. Eagan to AAG, Sept. 24, 1875, LS, CCS DNM, USAC, RG 393, NA.
127. Smith endorsement, Mar. 17, 1875, & McGonnigle endorsement, Mar. 17, 1875, FU Depot QM endorsements, USAC, RG 393, NA; Mahnken to CQM, Feb. 15, 1875, LR QM DNM, USAC, RG 393, NA; and Miller, Soldiers and Settlers, 316-317, 377.
128. Loud to Kimball, Feb. 25, 1878, TS, DNM, USAC, RG 393, NA.
129. Miller, Soldiers and Settlers, 325.
130. Compiled from The Arrow-Pioneer (Wagon Mound), May 23, 1888.
131. During the week ending on Saturday, March 27, 1875, the mechanics employed at the depot completed the following work on transportation equipment: fabricated one army wagon, one set of gearing for an army wagon, and eight wagon wheels; repaired one army wagon, one water wagon, one ambulance, four 5th chains, 16 wheels, and 12 sets of harness; and shoed 27 mules. Statement of Work at Fort Union Depot by Capt. G. C. Smith, Mar. 27, 1875, LR, QM FU, USAC, RG 393, NA.
132. Nichols to Macrae, Sept. 9 & 21, 1853, Unregistered LR, Fort Union, USAC, RG 393, NA.
133. Cooke to Nichols, Nov. 17, 1853, LS, FU, USAC, RG 393, NA; and Nichols to Cooke, Nov. 27, 1853, LS, DNM, USAC, RG 393, NA.
134. McFerran to Easton, Jan 28, 1856, & endorsements, LR, QM DNM, USAC, RG 393, NA.
135. Walker to Van Bokkelen, May 3, 1859, LS, FU, USAC, RG 393, NA.
136. Morris to Van Bokkelen, July 1, 1859, & Morris to Wilkins, July 13, 1859, ibid.
137. General Orders No. 13, July 10, 1866, HQ DNM, DNM Orders, USAC, RG 393, NA.
138. C-M QQ-448, Lt. Col. N. A. M. Dudley, JAG, RG 153, NA.
139. General Orders No. 36, May 13, 1877, HQ FU; Carvallo to Martin, May 15, 1877; & Quarantine by J. S. Martin, May 15, 1877; CCF FU, QMG, RG 92, NA.
140. General Orders No. 37, May 16, 1877, HQ FU; Carvallo to Martin, May 17, 1877; Kimball to Carvallo, May 17, 1877; Carvallo to Dudley, May 17, 1877; Dudley to Carvallo, May 17, 1877; & Carvallo to Kimball, May 18, 1877, & endorsements; CCFFU, QMG, RG 92, NA.
141. Considerable information about the relationship between the military post and the quartermaster depot may be found in the extensive testimony recorded during the court-martial of Lt. Col. Dudley at Fort Union in 1877. C-M QQ-448, Lt. Col. N. A. M. Dudley, JAG, RG 153, NA.
142. Kimball endorsement, Sept. 1, 1875, Aug. 25, 1876, & July 17, 1877, FU Depot QM endorsements, USAC, RG 393, NA; and Brent to Rice, Jan. 6, 1884, LR, QM FU, USAC, RG 393, NA.
143. Medical History, Fort Union, Nov. 1877, AGO, RG 94, NA.
145. Post Returns, Fort Union, Aug. 1851, AGO, RG 94, NA.
146. Mumford ton Meigs, April 16, 1866, CCF FU, QMG, RG 92, NA.
147. Dana to CQM DNM, Jan. 12, 1867, & endorsements, ibid.
148 Orders No. 36, April 17, 1869, & Orders No. 51, May 11, 1869, HQ FU, FU Orders, USAC, RG 393, NA.
149. Matthews Letters, June 4, 1870, FUNMA.
150. Kimball endorsement, Jan. 10, 1877, FU Depot QM endorsements, USAC, RG 393, NA.
151. Charles S. Stroup to FUNM, Feb. 15, 1961, FUNMA.
152. Shoemaker to Maynadier, Mar. 31, 1851, & Shoemaker to Taloott, July 30, 1851, LR, ORD, RG 156, NA.
153. Shoemaker to Talcott, Aug. 31, 1851, & Shoemaker to Craig, Oct. 18, 1851, ibid.
154. Shoemaker to Craig, Oct. 18 & Nov. 3, 1851, & Jan. 12 & Nov. 1, 1852, ibid.
155. Shoemaker to Craig, Jan. 28, Feb. 23, & June 15, 1852, & Shoemaker to McFerran, Mar. 12, 1852, ibid.
156. Shoemaker to Nichols, Aug. 1, 1853, LR, QM 9MD, USAC, RG 393, NA; and Nichols to Shoemaker, Jan. 13, 1854, LS, DNM, USAC, RG 393, NA.
157. Shoemaker to Craig, June 24, Aug. 1, & Dec. 1, 1852, & Oct. 26, 1854, LR, QM DNM, USAC, RG 393, NA.
158. Shoemaker to Craig, Aug. 2, 1852, & Oct. 3, 1853, ibid.
159. Nichols to Shoemaker, Oct. 23, 1853, LS, DNM, USAC, RG 393, NA.
160. Shoemaker to Craig, Feb. 22 & Oct. 26, 1854, LR, QM DNM, USAC, RG 393, NA.
161. Shoemaker to Craig, Feb. 26, 1855, ibid.
162. Shoemaker to Craig, Nov. 30, 1855, & Mar. 30 & May 3, 1856, ibid.
163. Thornton to Shoemaker, July 8, 1856, LS, ORD DNM, USAC, RG 393, NA.
164. Shoemaker to Craig, Sept. 1 & Oct. 24, 1856, LR, ORD, RG 156, NA.
165. Thornton to Shoemaker, July 27, 1856, LS, ORD DNM, USAC, RG 393, NA.
166. Shoemaker to Craig, Sept. 1, 1856, LR, ORD, RG 156, NA.
167. Bonneville to Craig, Nov. 1, 1858, LS, DNM, USAC, RG 393, NA.
168. Wilkins to Simonson, Nov. 20, 1859, LS, DNM, USAC, RG 393, NA.
169. White to Craig, Feb. 9, 1860, LR, ORD, RG 156, NA; and Ruff to Wainwright, May 11, 1860, LR, FU, USAC, RG 393, NA.
170. Shoemaker to Craig, Mar. 6, 1857, & May 1, 1858, LR, ORD, RG 156, NA.
171. Shoemaker to Craig, Nov. 10, 1857, & Shoemaker to Ramsay, Mar. 30, 1858, ibid.
172. Shoemaker to Craig, May 1, 1858, ibid.
173. Shoemaker to Craig, June 30 & Aug. 6, 1858, ibid.
174. Shoemaker to Craig, Aug. 12 & Sept. 1, 1858, ibid.
175. Shoemaker to Craig, Oct. 16 & Dec. 6, 1858, ibid.
176. Shoemaker to Craig, May 13, June 8, Aug. 15, & Nov. 7, 1859; White to Craig & White to Wainwright, Sept. 5, 1859; & Wainwright to Craig, Sept. 11, 1859, ibid.
177. Wainwright to Craig, Sept. 11, 1859; Special Orders No. 1, Jan. 9, 1860, HQ DNM; & White to Craig, Feb. 9, 1860; ibid.
178. Maury to Craig, Feb. 8, 1860, & Shoemaker to Craig, June 12, 1860, ibid.
179. Wilkins to Maury, May 5, 1860, & Fauntleroy to Thomas, May 6, 1860, LS, DNM, USAC, RG 393, NA. A long-standing feud between Fauntleroy and Shoemaker is explained below.
180. Shoemaker to Craig, June 12 & 22, 1860, LR, ORD, RG 156, NA; and Maury to Wainwright, June 16, 1860, LS, DNM, USAC, RG 393, NA.
181. Shoemaker to Craig, June 22 & July 12, 1860, LR, ORD, RG 156, NA.
183. Shoemaker to Craig, Sept. 1 & Oct. 1, 1860, LR, ORD, RG 156, NA.
184. Easton to Shoemaker, May 21, 1861; Shoemaker to Ripley, June 7 & June 24, & July 1 & 29, 1861; & Shoemaker to Canby, Aug. 15, 1861, ibid.
185. Shoemaker to Ripley, Aug. 5, 1861, ibid.
186. Circular, Jan. 17, 1862, HQ DNM, DNM Orders, v. 37, pp. 103-104, USAC, RG 393, NA.
187. Special Orders No. 103, June 15, 1862, HQ DNM, DNM Orders, v. 40, p. 121, USAC, RG 393, NA.
188. Shoemaker to Ramsay, Sept. 10, 1864, LR, ORD, RG 156, NA.
189. Special Orders No. 2, Sept. 21, 1865, HQ DNM, Misc. Records, DNM, USAC, RG 393, NA.
190. The story of Carson's campaign is covered in chapter 5.
191. General Orders No. 28, May 8, 1866, HQ USA, AGO, RG 94, NA.
192. Shoemaker to Dyer, Jan. 3, 1866, & endorsements, LR, ORD, RG 156, NA.
193. Shoemaker to Dyer, June 1, Oct. 2, & Nov. 14, 1866, ibid.
194. Shoemaker to Dyer, Jan. 1, 12, & 19, & Mar. 7 & 20, 1867, ibid.
195. Shoemaker to Dyer, July 1 & Aug. 1, 1867, ibid.
196. Alexander to AAG Dept. of the Missouri, May 1, 1867, LR, DNM, USAC, RG 393, NA.
197. Heitman, Historical Register, I, 884; and Shoemaker, ACP files, AGO, RG 94, NA.
198. Shoemaker to Dyer, Feb. 17, Sept. 3, Oct. 10, & Nov. 9, 1868, May 3, 1869, & Report of Operations at Fort Union Arsenal, June 30, 1873, LR, ORD, RG 156, NA.
199. Shoemaker to Dyer, May 12, 1869, ibid.
200. Matthews Letters, June 4, 1870, FUNMA.
201. Shoemaker to Dyer, May 26, 1869; and Circular No. 6, May 31, 1869, HQ DNM, LR, ORD, RG 156, NA.
202. The Daily New Mexican, Santa Fe, July 28, 1869; Shoemaker to Dyer, Sept. 21, 1869, & enclosures, & Oct. 11, 1859, LR, ORD, RG 156, NA.
203. Statement of U.S. Rifle Muskets, Sept. 21, 1869, ibid.
204. Shoemaker to Dyer, Mar. 12, May 9, & June 15 & 30, 1870, & Shoemaker to Benet, Jan. 6, 1871, ibid.
205. Matthews Letters, June 4, 1870, FUNMA.
206. Shoemaker to Dyer, Sept. 24 & 26, & Nov. 17, 1870, & Feb. 8, 1871, LR, ORD, RG 156, NA.
207. Mitchell to Mordecai, Dec. 24, 1870, & Shoemaker to Dyer, Jan. 17 & April 8, 1871, ibid.
208. Shoemaker to Dyer, Nov. 4 & 15, 1872, ibid.
209. Elkins to Benet, Jan. 6, 1877, & endorsement, & Flagler to Chief of ORD, Sept. 23, 1880, ibid. Elkins was secretary of war when Fort Union was abandoned in 1891.
210. Shoemaker to Dyer, Nov. 15, 1872, & endorsements, ibid.
211. Shoemaker to Chief of ORD, Jan. 6 & July 2 (& endorsements), 1874, & Report of Operations at Fort Union Arsenal, June 30, 1874, ibid.
212. Kimball to QMG, Jan. 5, 1877, & endorsements, ibid. The equipment transferred included 3 cavalry forges, 23,252 horse shoes, 15 anvils, 42 buttresses, 16 clinching irons, 135 hammers, 9 knives, 10 pincers, 16 nail punches, 14 pritchels, 20 vices, and 1,300 pounds of horseshoe nails. Invoice, Feb. 20, 1877, ibid.
213. Statement of Employees, 1877, & Statement of Contracts, 1878, ibid. No amounts were given for the contracts. In 1879 the room contract, for 42,000 pounds, went to William Kronig. Shoemaker to Chief of ORD, Nov. 3, 1879, & enclosures, ibid.
214. Magruder to Shoemaker, May 9 & 11, 1856, LS, FU, USAC, RG 393, NA.
215. Magruder to Shoemaker, May 22, 1856, ibid.
216. Fauntleroy to Nichols, June 19, 1856, LS, FU, USAC, RG 393, NA.
218. Fauntleroy to Nichols, June 29, 1856, ibid.
220. Loring endorsement, Jan. 25, 1857, LR, DNM, USAC, RG 393, NA.
221. Nichols to Shoemaker, Jan. 29, 1857, Unregistered LR, FU, USAC, RG 393, NA.
222. Leet to Dyer, June 7, 1866, Misc. Records, QM FU, USAC, RG 393, NA.
223. Shoemaker to Chief of ORD, July 30, 1879, & enclosures and endorsements, ibid.; Shoemaker to Belger, Aug. 25, 1879, LR, QM FU, USAC, RG 393, NA; and Heitman, Historical Register, I, 207.
224. Shoemaker to Chief of ORD, Sept. 8, 1879, & endorsements, ORD, RG 156, NA.
225. Shorkley to Shoemaker, April 22, 1880, & endorsements, ibid.
226. Shoemaker to Chief of ORD, June 8 & July 27, 1880, & Mar. 1 & June 7, 1881; List of Publications in Post Library at Fort Union Arsenal, July 14 1880; & Annual Statement of Ordnance and Ordnance Stores issued at Fort Union Arsenal, June 30, 1882, ibid.; and Orders No. 1, Jan. 1, 1885, HQ FU, FU Orders, USAC, RG 393, NA.
227. Shoemaker to Flagler, Aug. 28, 1880, & endorsements, ORD, RG 156, NA.
228. Flagler to Chief of ORD, Sept. 23, 1880, ibid.
229. Ibid.; Shoemaker to Chief of ORD, Dec. 15, 1880, ibid.
230. Orders No. 102, July 1, 1882, HQ FU, & Russell to Chief of ORD, July 17, 1882, ibid. Rice was accidentally killed two years later when he fell from a railroad train. Heitman, Historical Register, I, 828.
231. Shoemaker to Chief of ORD, June 14, 1882, & endorsements, LR, ORD, RG 156, NA.
232. Heitman, Historical Register, I, 884.
233. General Orders No. 71, July 3, 1882, & General Orders No. 19, Mar. 27, 1883, HQ USA, AGO, RG 94, NA; Russell to Chief of ORD, July 31, Sept. 12, & Oct. 19, 1882, LR, ORD, RG 156, NA.
234. Sparks to Cook Mar. 20, 1883, LR, QM FU, USAC, RG 393, NA.
235. Russell to Whittemore, Aug. 10, 1882, ibid.
236. Shoemaker's remarkable tenure was surpassed by at least one soldier, Ordnance Sergeant Leodegar Schnyder who served 37 years at Fort Laramie, Wyoming.
237. Las Vegas Optic, Sept. 17, 1886.
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Last Updated: 09-Jul-2005