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GRTE-N-1


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Cover

Contents

Abstract

Introduction

Study Area

Elk Population

Population Dynamics

Elk Habits

Effects on Habitats

Elk Management

Ecology

Discussion

Acknowledgements

Appendices

Bibliography





Research Report GRTE-N-1
The Elk of Grand Teton and Southern Yellowstone National Parks
National Park Service Arrowhead

APPENDIX IX
Plants averaging 5 percent or more of the recorded use or used at 25 percent or more of the elk feeding sites on the herbland, subalpine meadow and forest park types (percent/frequency and *, less than 5 percent).


Herbland
Subalpine
Meadow
BurnForest Park
SpringSummer FallSummer SpringSummer SpringSummer Fall

Slender Wheatgrass117/1003/706/66
6/80 2/473/672/64
Mountain Brome219/805/6034/100
25/100 6/739/762/331/33
Oniongrass4/801/37

2/60
1/35

Bluegrass1/801/471/334/50
1/271/381/30
Trisetum1/601/431/33



1/36
Sedge5/402/503/3333/7820/100 1/6611/815/6455/100
Tufted Hairgrass


9/71




Alpine Timothy


3/36

2/381/45
Needlegrass


*/40 1/33


Pinegrass



*/40



Idaho Fescue





3/27

Total Grass48154550 5713331456

Dandelion1/4013/733/337/50 2/8017/938/4924/82
Aster6/807/731/3313/78 7/6010/875/5714/888/50
Agoseris11/10030/97

2/6016/1004/278/64
Cinquefoil7/6010/707/332/36 2/409/875/549/82
Violet18/1005/70

1/601/331/35

Yarrow*/601/40
1/36 1/401/27*/301/25
Parsley1/60


*/40*/271/621/36
Buckwheat1/40

1/43
1/273/30

Yellowbell1/40







Hackelia1/401/337/33





Waterleaf1/60








Lupine
3/2725/6616/43 1/608/60
3/274/33
Tall Larkspur
9/53

1/407/47


Geranium

2/33
13/1005/6010/463/29
Plantain









Arnica



1/60*/27


Coneflower




1/27


Astragalus




1/40
2/36
Strawberry




1/60
1/30
Little Sunflower





3/20
1/33
Balsamroot





8/25

Elk Thistle






3/54
Goldenrod







13/17
Total Forbs52855550 4283668229

Gooseberry




2/27


Spirea







5/67
Oregon Grape







4/83
Pachystima







3/33
Aspen







*/33
Total Shrubs



141415

1 Includes other wheatgrass species on burn and forest park types.

2 Includes other brome species on burn and forest park types.








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