Effigy Mounds Administrative History

Alex, Lynn Marie. Woodland. Iowa City, Iowa: Office of the State Archeologist of Iowa, 1976.

Alex, Robert A. The Rock Run Shelter: A Stratified Woodland Site in Eastern Central Iowa. n.p., 1968.

Anderson, Adrian. 13 JH 42: The Walters Site, Johnson County, Iowa. n.p., 1968.

Anderson, Duane C. Excavations at the Wittrock Site (130B4): A Compilation of Information Pertaining to Projects Conducted in 1959 and 1965. n.p., n.d.

Anderson, Duane C., Joseph A. Tiffany, and James M. Zalesky. A Preliminary Report on the Stone Tool Assemblages from the M.A.D. Sites (13 CF 101 and 13 CF 102). Crawford County. Iowa. n.p., 1981.

Anderson, James P. Mound Survey and Recommendations, South Unit, Effigy Mounds National Monument. n.p., 1961.

Baerreiss, David A. "Some Comments on Trait Lists and the Hopewellian Culture." The Wisconsin Archeologist 30:67—73.

Barrett, S.A. "The Kratz Creek Mound Group." Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 3(1919).

_________. "Ancient Aztalan." Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 13(1933).

Barrett, S.A., and Alanson Skinner. "Certain Mounds and Village Sites of Shawano and Oconto Counties, Wisconsin. Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 10(1932).

Beaubien, Paul L. Archeological Investigations of the Sny Magill Mound Group, 1952 National Park Service, 1953.

__________. "Cultural Variation within Two Woodland Mound Groups of Northeastern Iowa." American Antiquity 19(1953):55—66.

_________. "Field Notebook, 1950." Unpublished manuscript.

_________. "Field Notebook, 1952." Unpublished manuscripts, 2 volumes.

_________. "Mound Notes, Sny Magill." Unpublished manuscript., n.d.

_________. "Mound No. 55 Notes." Unpublished manuscript. n.d.

_________. "Mound No. 57 Notes." Unpublished manuscript. n.d.

_________. "Mound No. 52 Notes." Unpublished manuscript. n.d.

_________. "Mound No. 44 Notes." Unpublished manuscript. n.d.

_________. "Mound No. 49 Notes." Unpublished manuscript. n.d.

_________. "Mound No. 43, Sny Magill, Notes." Unpublished manuscript. n.d.

_________. "Mound No. 19 Notes." Unpublished manuscript. n.d.

_________. "Mound No. 7, Sny Magill, Notes." Unpublished manuscript. n.d.

_________. "Mound No. 30 Notes." Unpublished manuscript. n.d.

_________. "Mound No. 31 Notes." Unpublished manuscript. n.d.

_________. "Mound No. 24, Sny Magill, Notes." Unpublished manuscript. n.d.

_________. "Mound No. 27, Sny Magill, Notes." Unpublished manuscript. n.d.

__________. "Preliminary Notes on an Archeological Project in Northeastern Iowa." Journal of the Iowa Archeological Society 1(1953).

__________. Preliminary Report of the Archeological Investigations at Effigy Mounds National Monument, 1950. National Park Service, 1952.

__________. "Some Hopewellian Mounds at Effigy Mounds National Monument." The Wisconsin Archeologist 34(1953).

Benn, David W. and Dean M. Thompson. Preliminary Investigation of the FTD Site (13 AM 210). Decorah, Iowa: Luther College, 1976.

Benn, David W. Hadfields Cave: A Perspective on Late Woodland Culture in Northeastern Iowa. Iowa City: Office of the State Archeologist, 1980.

___________. "Some Trends and Traditions in Woodland Cultures of the Quad-State Region in the Upper Mississippi River Basin." The Wisconsin Archeologist 60(1979):47—82.

___________. "Woodland Archaeological Assemblages in Wisconsin and the Upper Mississippi Region, ca. A.D. 400 to A.D. 1600." Master's thesis, Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin, Madison.

__________. Woodland Ceramic Sequence in the Cultural History of Northeastern Iowa. National Park Service, 1978.

Bennett, J.W. "The Prehistory of Northern Mississippi Valley" in Archaeology of the Eastern United States. Edited by James B. Griffin. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1952.

Berger, K.C. "The Vynilite Resin Method of Taking and Mounting Soil Profiles." n.p., n.d.

Bevan, Bruce. Ground—Penetrating Radar Surveys at the Second Hoover House [Herbert Hoover National Historic Site] and at Effigy Mounds [National Monument], Iowa. National Park Service, 1982.

Boris, Carol A. Effigy Mounds in Northern Illinois: An Analysis of an Endangered Cultural Resource. n.p., 1984.

Bowles, John. "Distribution and Biogeography of the Mammals of Iowa." Ph.D. dissertation, University of Kansas, Lawrence, n.d.

_________. "Historical Record of Some Iowan Mammals." Transactions Kansas Academy of Science 73:419—30, 1971.

Bray, Robert T. "Marquette-Yellow River Mound Group No. 2 Excavation Notes." Unpublished manuscript, n.d.

________. "Mound No. 2 Notes." Unpublished manuscript, n.d.

___________. Reports of the Excavation of Mound Numbers 2 and 81. National Park Service, 1958.

Brown, Charles E. "Red Paint Burials." The Wisconsin Archeologist 21:74-76. Burchfield, Robert, editor. Miscellaneous Reports on Iowa Archaeology. n.p., 1981.

Calvin, Samuel. Geology of Allamakee County. Des Moines: Iowa Geological Survey, 1895.

Church, Peter E. The Archaeological Potential of Pool No. 10, Upper Mississippi River: A Geomorphological Perspective. Vicksburg, Mississippi: Geotechnical Laboratory, U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Corps of Engineers, n.d. [1982.)

Cole, Fay—Cooper, and Thorne Deuel. Rediscovering Illinois: Archaeological Explorations in and Around Fulton County [Illinois]. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1937.

Cooper, L.R. "Red Cedar River Variant of the Wisconsin Hopewell Culture." Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 16(1933).

Cowan, Thaddeus M. Effigy Mounds and Stellar Representation: A Comparison of Old and New World Alignment Schemes. n.p., 1973.

Current and Recently Completed Archeological Investigations in the Midwest Region National Park Service. National Park Service, 1982.

Ewell, W.H.C. Maps and notes, unpublished, 1910. In collections of Effigy Mounds National Monument.

Fagergren, Fred J. "Wild Plants: Their Use by Early Man." Unpublished manuscript, n.d.

Field, H.P. "The Diet of the Prehistoric Indians of Northeast Iowa." Journal of the Iowa Archeological Society 1(1952).

Fire Point Environmental Study Area, Monument: A Teacher's Guide. Effigy Mounds National National Park Service, n.d.

Fisher, Alton K., and Shirley J. Schermer. The Analysis of Human Skeletal Remains from the Museum Collection at Effigy Mounds National Monument. n.p., n.d.

Flanders, Richard E., and Rex Hansman. "A Woodland Mound Complex in Webster County, Iowa." Journal of the Iowa Archeological Society 11(1961).

Fowler, Melvin L. "The Early Woodland Period." Illinois Archaeology, 1959.

Fryxell, Roald, and Richard D. Daugherty. Demonstration of Techniques for Preserving Archaeological Stratigraphy. n.p., 1984.

Gordon, Garland J. Excavations at Effigy Mounds National Monument. National Park Service, 1965.

_________. "Field Notebook, Mound No. 61." manuscript, n.d. Unpublished

__________. The Rehabilitation and Preservation of Indian Burial Mounds by the National Park Service. National Park Service, 1966.

Griffin, James. "A Hypothesis for the Prehistory of the Winnebago." in Culture in History: Essays in Honor of Paul Radin. Edited by Stanley Diamond. New York: Columbia University Press, 1960.

__________. Man in Northeastern North America: Change and Continuity the in Eastern United States. n.p., 1946.

Guide Book. Twelfth Annual Tri-State Geological Field Conference. n.p., 1948.

Hagen, Olaf T. Pictorial Record of Features on and near Areas of the Proposed Effigy Mounds National Monument. National Park Service, 1946.

Hartley, Thomas G. "The Flora of the 'Driftless Area."' dissertation, University of Iowa, Iowa City, 1962. Ph.D.

Henning, Dale. Effigy Mounds National Monument: A Catalog. National Park Service, 1977.

Herold, Elaine Bluhm. "Middle Woodland Indian Life." Palimpsest 51(1970).

Hoslett, Sherman. "The Mammals of Winneshiek and Allamakee Counties, Iowa." Iowa State Journal of Science 39(4):359—86, 1965.

Hotopp, John. Iowa's Great River Road Cultural and Natural Resources. Des Moines: Iowa Highway Department, 1977.

Howell, Evelyn A., and Gregory F. Moore. A Vegetation Survey of Effigy Mounds National Monument. National Park Service, n.d.

Hurley, William M. An Analysis of Effigy Mound Complexes in Wisconsin. Ann Arbor, Michigan: Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan, 1975.

__________. The Effigy Mound Culture: Environment and Economy. n.p., n.d.

__________. Mounds and Monoliths at Effigy Mounds National Monument. n.p., n.d.

__________. Project Effigy Mounds: 1965 Survey and Testing Operations. n.p., 1966.

__________. Project Effigy Mounds: 1965 Survey and Testing. Effigy Mounds National Monument. National Park Service, 1966.

Husted, Wilfred M. "Field Notes, 1971." Unpublished manuscript.

___________. " Mound No. 12 Notes." Unpublished manuscript. n.d.

__________. Mound Rehabilitation Activities at Effigy Mounds National Monument. National Park Service, 1971.

Hyde, George E. Indians of the Woodlands from Prehistoric Times to 1725. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press, 1962.

Ingmanson, John Earl. The Burial Complex at Effigy Mounds National Monument. National Park Service, 1964.

__________. Notes in the files of Effigy Mounds National Monument, 1959.

__________. "Trapper's Cabin Notes." Unpublished manuscript,n.d.

_________. " Site No. 88 Notes." Unpublished manuscript, n.d.

Jennings, Jesse D. Summary of the Culture of the Effigy Mound Builders. Effigy Mounds National Monument, 1949.

Jeske, J.A. "The Grand River Mound Group and Camp Site." Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 3(1927).

Keyes, Charles R. "Antiquities of Upper Iowa." The Palimpsest XV: 321—354.

__________. "The Hill-Lewis Survey." Minnesota History IX(1928):96—108.

_________. "Prehistoric Man in Iowa." The Palimpsest 8 (1927):222—24.

__________. "Shall Iowa Have National Monuments?" Iowa Journal of History and Politics 31(1933).

__________. "A Unique Survey." The Palimpsest, 1930.

Lapham, Increase A. The Antiquities of Wisconsin. Washington, D.C.: The Smithsonian Institution, 1855.

Lass, Barbara. "The Woodland Mounds and Their Cultural Significance." Journal of the Iowa Archeological Society 25:101—13, 1978.

Lees, James H. "Geologic History of the Upper Mississippi Valley." n.p., n.d.

Levorson, C.O., and A.J. Gerk. A Preliminary Stratigraphic Study of the Galena Group of Winneshiek County, Iowa. n.p., n.d.

Lewis, Theodore H., and A.J. Hill. Archeological Survey. Unpublished notes and maps from Lewis-Hill survey of northeastern Iowa, 1881, Minnesota Historical Society Archives, St. Paul, Minnesota.

Lewis, Theodore H. 1885. "Effigy Mounds in Iowa." Science 6:453—54,

__________. "Northwestern Archaeological Surveys: Clayton and Allamakee Counties, Iowa. Notebook no. 18. Copy on file of Minnesota State Historical Society, St. Paul.

__________. "Northwestern Archaological Surveys: Clayton and Allamakee Counties, Iowa." Notebook no. 19. Copy on file of Minnesota State Historical Society, St. Paul.

__________. "Northwestern Archaological Surveys: Clayton and Allamakee Counties, Iowa." Notebook no. 32. Copy on file of Minnesota State Historical Society, St. Paul.

___________. " Notice of Some Recently Discovered Effigy Mounds." Science 5:131—32, 1885.

Logan, Wilfred D. "Archeological Investigations of Spike Hollow Rock Shelter, Allamakee County, Iowa." Journal of the Iowa Archeological Society 2(2—3):4—30, 1953.

___________. Analysis of Woodland Complexes in Northeastern Iowa. National Park Service, 1959.

_________. "Field Notes, Highway 76 Rock Shelter." Unpublished manuscript, n.d.

_________. "Final Investigation of Mound 33, Effigy Mounds National Monument." Journal of the Iowa Archeological Society 18, December 1971.

___________. A History of Effigy Mounds National Monument. National Park Service, 1956.

___________. "Past Iowa Archeological Research and Future Research Trends." Journal of the Iowa Archeological Society 1(1952).

___________. Preliminary Report on the Woodland Cultures of Northeast Iowa. National Park Service, 1957.

__________. " Two Projectile Points from Allamakee County." Journal of the Iowa Archeological Society 3(1954).

__________. Woodland Complexes in Northeastern Iowa. National Park Service, 1976.

Logan, Wilfred D., and John Earl Ingmanson. "Effigy Mounds National Monument." Palimpsest 42, April 1962.

Lothson, Gordon A. "The Distribution of Burial Mounds in Minnesota." Minnesota Archaeologist 29(2):29—47.

Madson, John. Mississippi Shell Game. n.p., n.d.

MaGrath, W.H. "The North Benton Mound: A Hopewell Site in Ohio." American Antiquity 11(1945).

Mahan, Bruce E. Old Fort Crawford and the Frontier. Iowa City: State Historical Society of Iowa, 1926.

Mallam, R. Clark. A Cultural Resource Survey of the Ferguson Tract, Allamakee County, Iowa. Decorah, Iowa: Luther College, 1976.

__________. "Ideology from the Earth: Effigy Mounds in the Midwest." Archaeology. July-August 1982.

__________. The Iowa Effigy Mound Manifestation: An Interpretive Model. Iowa City: Office of the State Archeologist of Iowa, 1976.

__________. A Report on the Effigy Mound Survey of the Luther College Archaeological Research Center. Decorah, Iowa: Luther College, 1973.

Mallam, R. Clark, Arthur Bettis, and Robert Petersen. An Archaeological Reconnaissance Survey of Pike's Peak State Park. Decorah, Iowa: Luther College, 1979.

Mallam, R. Clark, and James E. Mount. "When on High: An Aerial Perspective of Effigy Mounds National Monument." Journal of the Iowa Archeological Society 27:112-131, 1980.

Martin, Paul S., George I. Quimby, and Donald Collier. Indians before Columbus. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1947.

McGee, W.J. The Pleistocene History of Northeastern Iowa. Washington, D.C.: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1891.

McKern, William C. "First Settlers of Wisconsin." Wisconsin Magazine of History 26(1942):153—169.

_________. "The Kletzien and Nitschke Mound Groups." Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 3(1930):417-572.

_________. "The Neale and McClaughry Mound Groups." Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 3(1928):215—416.

_________. "Trait List of the Effigy Mound Aspect." Wisconsin Archeologist 30(1949).

_________. "Upper Mississippi Phase in Wisconsin." Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 16(1945).

___________. " A Wisconsin Variant of the Hopewell Culture." Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 10(1931):185—328.

McKern, W.C., and R.E. Ritzenthaler. "Trait List of the Effigy Mounds Aspect" Wisconsin Archaeologist 30(1949): 39—48.

__________. "Trait List of the Prehistoric Wisconsin Cultures: The Woodland Peoples." Wisconsin Archaeologist 26(1945): 66—79.

McKusick, Marshall. "Identifying Iowa Projectile Points." Journal of the Iowa Archeological Society, June 1963.

__________. Men of Ancient Iowa. Ames: The Iowa State University Press, 1964.

__________. "Prehistoric Man in Northeastern Iowa." Palimpsest 45(1964).

McNider, C.H. "What the Mississippi Valley National Park Would Mean to Iowa." Iowa Conservation 1(1917):30-31.

Moore, John Howard. Effigy Earthworks in the Eastern United States. n.p., 1965.

Mount, James E. "Effigy Mounds Area Basic Facts." Unpublished manuscript, n.d.

__________. Mounds and Research: A General Guide for Effigy Mounds National Monument. National Park Service, 1978.

__________. Resume of Archeological Theory, Effigy Mounds National Monument. National Park Service, 1977.

Mott, Mildred. "The Relations of Historic Indian Tribes to Archeological Manifestations in Iowa." Iowa Journal of History and Politics 36(1938).

Murdock, Samuel. "Prehistoric Races." In History of Clayton County. Iowa. Chicago: Blakely, Marsh and Co., 1882.

Nash, Philleo. "The Excavation of the Ross Mound Group I." Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 16(1933).

Neumann, George. "The Varieties of Prehistoric Indians of [the] Eastern United States" in El Norte de Mexico y el Sur de Estados Unidos: Tercera Reunion de Mesa Redonda Sobre Problemas Antropologicos de Mexico y Central America, 25 de Agosto a 2 de Septiembre 1943. Castillo do Chapultepec, Mexico: Sociedad Mecican de Antropologia, 1943.

Ninth North American Prairie Conference. Prairie Abstracts. n.p., n.d.

Orr, Ellison. Effigy Mounds. Miscellaneous Reports. 1916. Unpublished manuscripts in collection of Effigy Mounds National Monument.

__________. "Indian Pottery of the Oneota or Upper Iowa River Valley in Northeastern Iowa." Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Sciences 21:231—39, 1914.

___________. "Surveys and Excavations of Indian Mound Groups and Cemetaries of the Upper Iowa River." Unpublished manuscript, 1934.

Overstreet, David F. Archaelogical Reconnaissance Survey of Pool 10, Upper Mississippi River Grant and Crawford Counties, Wisconsin. and Allamakee and Clayton Counties, Iowa. Great Lakes Archaeological Research Center, Inc., 1984.

Parsons, Roger B. "Indian Mounds of Northeast Iowa as Soil Genesis Benchmarks." Journal of the Iowa Archeological Society 12(1962):1—70.

Parsons, Roger B., W.H. Scholtes, and F.F. Riecken. Soils of Indian Mounds in Northeastern Iowa as Benchmarks for Studies of Soil Science. n.p., 1962.

Peet, Stephen D. "Emblematic Mounds and Animal Effigies." in Prehistoric America 2, Chicago: American Antiquarian Office, 1898.

_________. "The Mysterious Races." American Antiquarian 13(1891):255—281.

Petersen, Robert W. An Archeological Reassessment of the Effigy Mound Tradition in Iowa. Decorah, Iowa: Luther College Archeological Research Center, 1986.

_________. "Rock Shelter Survey 19." Unpublished manuscript, 1985.

__________. A Summary of the Mounds in Effigy Mounds National Monument. National Park Service, 1983.

__________. "A Survey of the Destruction of Effigy Mounds in Wisconsin and Iowa." Wisconsin Archeologist 65(1984):1-31.

__________. Survey of Potential Rock Shelter Sites. Effigy Mounds National Monument. National Park Service, 1985.

___________. The Strange Case of the Harpers Ferry "Great Group." National Park Service, n.d.

_________. The Wisconsin Effigy Mounds Project, Part I. National Park Service, 1979.

Ritzenhaler, Robert. "The Effigy Mound Builders in Wisconsin." Lore (1969):54—58.

_________. The Woodland Indians of the Western Great Lakes. New York: Doubleday, 1970.

Research Committee of the Geological Society of Iowa. Partial Bibliography of the Geology of Iowa. Geological Society of Iowa, 1963.

Roggman, Arnold. " Field Notes." Unpublished manuscript, n.d.

Rowe, Chandler W. The Effigy Mound Culture of Wisconsin. Milwaukee: North American Press, 1956.

Ruppe, Reynold J. "Iowa Archaeology: The Woodland Indians of Iowa." Journal of the Iowa Archeological Society 5:11-17, July 1955—April 1956.

__________. "The Westwook Site: A Middle Woodland Burial Mound." Journal of the Iowa Archeological Society 9(1960).

Scholtes, W.H., Roger B. Parsons, and F.F. Riecken. Investigation of the Soils of the Effigy Mounds and Some Archaeological Interpretations. National Park Service, n.d.

__________. A Report on Soils Research at Effigy Mounds National Monument. National Park Service, 1980.

__________. Soil Survey of Allamakee County, Iowa. Northeast sheet. United States Department of Agriculture in cooperation with the Iowa Agriculture Experiment Station, 1958.

Setzler, Frank M. "Northern Mississippi Valley." in Miscellaneous Collections 100, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, 1940.

Shetrone, H.C. "Explorations of the Hopewell Group of Prehistoric Earthworks." Ohio Archeological and Historical Quarterly, 1936.

_________. "The Mound-Builders." Ohio Archeological and Historical Quarterly, 1930.

__________. "The Mound—Builders and the Indians: Primer of Ohio Archeology." Ohio Archeological and Historical Quarterly, n.d.

_________. The Mound-Builders: A Reconstruction of the Life of a Prehistoric American Race, through Exploration and Interpretation of their Earth Mounds, their Burials, and their Cultural Remains. New York: Appleton and Co., 1931.

Shimek, Bohumil. The Prairies. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 1911.

_________. The Plant Geography of Iowa. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 1948.

Shippee, J.M. Archaeological Remains in the Area of Kansas City: Paleo-Indians and the Archaic Period. n.p., 1964.

Significant Historical Happenings in or near Effigy Mounds National Monument. Unpublished manuscript, n.d.

Silverberg, Robert. Mound Builders of Ancient America: The Archaeology of a Myth. New York: Graphic Society Ltd., 1968.

Smith, Bruce D. "Middle Mississippi Exploitation of Animal Populations: A Predictive Model." American Antiquity 39(1974):274—291.

Spier, R.F.G. Field Handbook on the Human Skeleton. n.p., n.d.

Squier, Ephraim G., and Edwin H. Davis. Ancient Monuments of the Mississippi Valley. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, 1848.

Stanley, Lori. The Ferguson Tract Archeological Study: A Cultural Resource Study. Decorah, Iowa: Luther College, 1984.

Stanley, Lori, and David Stanley. The Archeology of Allamakee County, Iowa: An Overview and Research Guide. Decorah, Iowa: Luther College, 1986.

Stanley, Lori, with E. Arthur Bettis, David G. Stanley, and R. Clark Mallam. The Ferguson Tract Archeological Project II: A Cultural Resource Study in Allamakee County. Iowa. Decorah, Iowa: Luther College, 1984.

Starr, Frederick. "Summary of the Archaeology of Iowa." Proceedings of the Davenport Academy of Natural Sciences 6(1897):53—124.

Steuever, Stuart. "The Hopewell Interaction Sphere in Riverine— Western Great Lakes Culture History." Illinois State Museum Scientific Papers 7(1963).

Stravers, Jon, and John B. Bowles. A Nesting Survey of the Red-Shouldered Hawk in Iowa. n.p., 1984.

__________. Raptor Migration Along the Mississippi River in Northeastern Iowa with Emphasis on Rare Species. n.p., 1983.

Stravers, Jon, and Dean Roosa. Report on Red—Shouldered Hawk Nesting near the Bridge Construction on Highway 364 at Paint Creek. Allamakee County [Iowa]. n.p., n.d.

Stout, A.B. "Prehistoric Earthworks in Wisconsin." Ohio Archaelogical and Historical Quarterly 20(1911):1—31.

Tandarich, John P., and Loren N. Horton. "A Memorial Bibliography of Charles R. Keyes and Ellison J. Orr." Journal of the Iowa Archaeological Society 23(1976):45—143.

Taylor, Richard C. "Notes Respecting Certain Indian Mounds and Earthworks, in the Form of Animal Effigies, Chiefly in Wisconsin." American Journal of Science and Art 34 (1838):88—104.

Thomas, Cyrus. "Burial Mounds of the Northern Sections of the United States." Fifth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology for 1883-1884. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1894.

___________. Report on the Mound Explorations of the Bureau of American Ethnology. Bureau of American Ethnology, 1894.

Trowbridge, Arthur C. Glacial Drift in the "Driftless" Area of Northeastern Iowa. Des Moines: State of Iowa Printing Office, 1966.

_________. The Erosional History of the Driftless Area." University of Iowa Studies in Natural History 9(1921):7—127.

Ward, Duren J.H. "The Problem of the Mounds." Iowa Journal of History and Politics 3(1905):20—40.

Waring, A.J., Jr. "Hopewellian Elements in Northern Georgia." American Antiquity 11(1945).

Wedel, W.R. "Central Great Plains." in Miscellaneous Collections 100, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, 1940.

__________. Prehistoric Man on the Great Plains. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1961.

Wilford, Lloyd A. "A Tentative Classification of the Prehistoric Cultures of Minnesota." American Antiquity 6(1941).

Wilford, Lloyd A., Elden Johnson, and Joan Vicinus. Burial Mounds of Central Minnesota: Excavation Reports. St. Paul: Minnesota State Historical Society, 1969.

Winchell, N. H. The Aborigines of Minnesota. Minnesota Historical Society, 1911. St. Paul:

"Yellow River Mounds." Iowa Conservationist 3(1944).