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Death Valley
Historic Resource Study A History of Mining |
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SECTION III:
Endnotes
1. Southern Inyo American Association of Retired Persons, Chapter 183, Saga of Inyo County (Covina, Ca.: Taylor Publishing Co., 1977), pp. 163-64. Chalfant, Story of Inyo p. 267.
2. Inyo Independent, 6 August 1897.
5. Water Location, dated 26 May 1907, in Inyo Co., Land and Water Claims, Mill Sites, Book B, p. 84; Water Location, dated 31 May 1907, in ibid.
6. The sources of these maps are unknown, having been found in a crate of papers (presumably in the monument) labeled "Unrelated to Castle." The 1927 one is supposedly a Lida quad topo map, edition of October 1931. See Wm. C. Bolton to Ross Holland, 23 March 1972.
7. James F. McAllister, Geology of Mineral Deposits in the Ubehebe Peak Quadrangle Inyo County California, Special Report 42 (San Francisco: Calif. Div. of Mines and Geology, 1955), p. 7, hereafter cited as Special Report 42.
8. Levy, Historical Background Study Illustrations 2-4.
9. Beveridge Porter Hunter to Matt Ryan, 8 January 1969, cited in ibid., p. 92.
10. Levy, Historical Background Study, p. 92.
11. Lewis E. Aubury, The Copper Resources of California Bulletin No. 50 (Sacramento: St. Prtg. Off., 1905, p. 301; Gudde, California Place Names, p. 349.
12. Inyo Independent, 17 July 1875; Mining & Scientific Press, 25 September 1875, p. 198.
13. Inyo Independent, 3 November 1875; 11 December 1875.
15. Ibid., 19 February 1897, 5 March 1897.
16. Report of the Director of the Mint (1885), p. 158; Inyo Independent, 6 August 1897.
17. Inyo independent, 20 January 1899 18 August, 1899. Extension of the Randsburg Railway still appeared a distinct possibility at this time, especially with the arrival of the line's general manager and superintendent to examine the copper mines of the Saline Valley and determine the advisability of extending their system further north. Ibid., 6 October 1899, 24 November 1899. Lands in Saline Valley had been located for borax at least as early as 1895 and borax works constructed later. The copper camps in the same area were just starting to come into their own now, four years later, spurred on by Greenwater's success, and along with the Western Borax Co., which held interests in the area, were extremely anxious to form closer ties with the Owens Valley and Keeler. Hence their determination to see a road built from Independence through Mazourka Canyon to the Saline Valley deposits. Such a project would also ameliorate somewhat the Ubehebe area's shipping problems. Ibid., 20 October, 27 October 1899.
18. Ibid., 21 July, 11 August 1899, 16 September 1904.
19. Inyo Register, 28 November 1901; Lewis E. Aubury, The Copper Resources of California Bulletin No. 23 (Sacramento: St. Prtg. Off., 1902), p. 245; Inyo Register, 4 June 1903; Inyo Independent, 5 January 1906.
20. Inyo Register, 4 June 1903.
21. Inyo Independent, 5 January 1906; Inyo Register, 30 November 1905.
22. Inyo Register, 2 August 1906; Death Valley Chuck-Walla, 1 April 1907.
23. Inyo Independent, 24 August 1906; Inyo Register, 13 September 1906; Bullfrog Miner, 5 October 1906; Inyo Register, 8 November 1906; Bullfrog Miner, 16 November 1906, 4 January 1907; Inyo Independent, 15 February 1907. Bonnie Claire, an important station on the Las Vegas and Tonopah and Bullfrog-Goldfield railroads, was originally referred to as Thorp's Wells and later for a short while as Montana Station by the Bullfrog-Goldfield Railroad. The name never became popular, however. Myrick, Railroads of Nevada and Eastern California. p. 539.
24. Bullfrog Miner, 19 April 1907.
25. Rhyolite Herald, 12 April 1907; Bullfrog Miner, 12 April, 19 April, 8 June 1907.
26. Inyo Register, 25 April 1907. One article stated that the Ubehebe Mining District was unique up to the fall of 1907 because there had been no instances. of claim-jumping or location conflicts. Bullfrog Miner, 21 September 1907.
27. Bullfrog Miner, 12 April, 3 May 1907; Inyo Register, 25 April 1907. Local capitalists involved in creation of the Ubehebe Mining Co. on 13 May 1907 were Jos. A. Small, president (cashier, Cook Bank of Rhyolite); A. D. Whittier, vice-president (Rhyolite artist); Hon. L. O. Ray, treasurer (millionaire Bullfrog mine owner); F.B. Anderson, secretary (Rhyolite broker). The other directors were all Goldfield and Rhyolite men.
28. Bullfrog Miner, 29 June 1907.
29. Bullfrog Miner, 29 June 1907; Myrick, Railroads of Nevada and Eastern California p. 542; Inyo Register, 22 August 1907; Inyo Independent, 23 August, 30 August 1907; Bullfrog Miner, 14 September 1907; Inyo Register, 19 September 1907. Two articles found, obviously referring to Saline City, mention that the townsite of "Latimer" was being laid out in "Butte Valley." It should be noted that Illus. 5 in Levy, Historical Background Study, showing routes followed by the Death Valley Expedition in 1891 shows Racetrack Valley as Butte Valley, and this misconception was evidently perpetuated by some people. Inyo Register, 4 July 1907; Inyo Independent, 9 August 1907.
30. Bullfrog Miner, 21 September, 5 October 1907.
32. Rhyolite Herald 11 October 1907.
33. Bullfrog Miner, 12 October 1907.
34. Bullfrog Miner, 2 November, 14 December, 21 December 1907; Inyo Independent, 27 December 1907.
35. Aubury, Copper Resources of California (1908), pp. 301-10.
36. Inyo Independent, 26 June, 28 August 1908; Mining World, 11 July 1908, p. 68. As far as can be determined, the Watterson-Smith property referred to is the Ubehebe Mine. Skidoo was also experiencing a lack of power and water at this time, but of the two areas, the Ubehebe promised to develop more. rapidly because of the several companies with ample resources that were interested in her varied mineral assets of gold, silver, lead, and copper.
37. Inyo Register, 27 August, 3 September 1908; Rhyolite Herald, 9 September 1908; Bullfrog Miner, 16 January 1909; Rhyolite Herald, 24 February 1909.
38. Inyo Register, 20 October 1915; Engineering and Mining Journal, 13 November 1915, p. 818.
39. Eakle et at., Mines and Mineral Resources, p. 125; Mining Journal, 30 January 1930, p. 8.
40. The above is based on data found in McAllister, Special Report 42, pp. 17-21.
41. McAllister, Special Report 42, pp. 17, 49; Inyo Register, 2 August 1906.
42. Inyo Register, 7 March 1907.
43. Aubury, Copper Resources of California (1902), p. 246; Bullfrog Miner, 18 January 1908; Saga of Inyo County, pp. 130-31.
44. Bullfrog Miner, 5 October 1906.
45. Inyo Register, 7 March 1907.
46. Bullfrog Miner, 19 April 1907.
47. Notice of Water Location, dated 26 May 1907, in Inyo Co., Land and Water Claims, Mill Sites, Book B, p. 84.
48. Bullfrog Miner, 15 June, 22 June 1907.
49. Ibid., 18 January 1908; Inyo Register, 12 March 1908. These figures were also reported as 75.9% copper, 280 ozs. in silver, and $18 in gold by the Inyo Register, 2 April 1908.
50. Inyo Register, 2 April 1908; Inyo Independent, 28 August 1908.
51. Saga of Inyo County, p. 131; Inyo Register, 18 May 1916; McAllister, Special Report 42, p. 49.
52. Wallace, Archaeological Overview, p. 59.
53. Inyo independent, 30 December 1904; Inyo Register, 12 January 1905; Inyo Independent, 20 January 1905.
54. Inyo Independent, 3 February, 24 March 1905.
55. Sydney H. Ball, "Notes on ore deposits of southwestern Nevada and eastern California," in Contributions to Economic Geology (1905), USGS Bulletin No. 285 (Washington: GPO, 1906), p. 73.
56. Bullfrog Miner, 11 January 1907; Rhyolite Herald, 22 January 1910.
57. Bullfrog Miner, 3 May, 14 September 1907; 3 October 1908.
58. Rhyolite Herald, 1 January, 22 January 1910.
59. Inyo Register, 6 April 1916; Eakle et al., Mines and Mineral Resources, p. 125.
60. Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Journal of Mines and Geology 37 (October 1941):574. Mining Journal, 30 July 1945, p. 20.
61. Inyo Register, 24 October 1907.
62. Ibid., 7 November 1907; Inyo Independent, 27 December 1907. These claims were owned by W.W. Watterson, M.Q. Watterson, and Eugene E. Smith. Inyo Register, 30 January 1908.
63. Herbert N. Witt, M.E., "Preliminary Report on the Ubehebe Lead Mine, Inyo County, California," March 1949, p. 3; Bullfrog Miner, 15 February 1908.
64. Inyo Register, 2 April 1908; 9 April 1908.
65. Mining World, 11 July 1908, p. 68. The mining journals were often delayed in their reporting of mining news, and it is assumed by the writer that this reference does not imply the formation of another later partnership. The discrepancy in company names is by no means unusual.
66. Inyo Independent, 28 August 1908.
68. Inyo Register, 21 October 1915; Engineering and Mining Journal, 13 November 1915, p. 818.
69. Inyo Register, 23 March 1916; Black, "Mineral Report for the Ubehebe Lead Mine," p. 1.
70. Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Fifteenth Annual Report of the State Mineralogist (1917), p. 109; Smith, Mineral Resources, p. 24.
71. McAllister, Special Report 42, p. 47.
72. Inyo Independent, 16 October 1920, 8 January 1921.
73. Ibid., 7 October 1922; 24 November 1923; 26 January 1924; 24 January 1925.
74. Mining Journal, 15 March 1928, p. 29; Earl B. Young (Combined Metals Reduction Co.), to E. H. Snyder, 21 May 1946; McAllister, Special Report 42, p. 4; Black, "Mineral Report for the Ubehebe Lead Mine," p. 2.
75. Mining Journal, 30 January 1930, p. 8; Black, "Mineral Report for the Ubehebe Lead Mine," p. 2.
76. Witt, "Preliminary Report on the Ubehebe Lead Mine," pp. 1, 3; Young to Snyder, p. 2; Inyo Independent, 30 April 1937, 18 February 1938.
77. Inyo Independent, 20 May 1938; Mining Journal, 15 June 1938, p. 23; Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Journal of Mines and Geology, 34 (October 1938), p. 456.
79. McAllister, Special Report 42, p. 4.
80. Witt, "Preliminary Report on the Ubehebe Lead Mine," pp. 1-5.
81. Joseph J. Snyder, Pres., Ubehebe Lead Mines, Inc., to James B. Thompson, Supt., DEVA NM, 16 October 1973.
82. Black, "Mineral Report for the Ubehebe Lead Mine," p. 2.
83. Inyo Register, 9 May 1907; Bullfrog Miner, 26 April, 29 June, 6 July 1907; Rhyolite Herald, 18 October 1907.
84. Bullfrog Miner, 14 December, 28 December 1907.
85. Inyo Register, 12 March 1908; Bullfrog Miner, 14 March, 28 March 1908.
86. Bullfrog Miner, 13 February 1909; Inyo Independent, 19 February 1909; Bullfrog Miner, 27 February 1909; Rhyolite Herald, 3 March 1909; Engineering and Mining Journal 20 March 1909, p. 624.
87. Rhyolite Herald, 21 August 1909.
88. Ibid., 4 November 1911, 6 January 1912.
89. Mining World, 9 September 1916, p. 469.
90. Inyo Register, 25 January, 15 March 1917. Notice of a water application was found filed by Charles E. Knox of the Montana-Tonopah Co., for 20 miner's inches from Willow and Alkali springs to be conveyed by an 8-mile-long pipeline to a quartz mine in the Ubehebe Mining District at a cost of $2,000. Inyo Independent, 16 March 1917.
91. Eakle et al., Mines and Mineral Resources, pp. 75-77; Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Report Twenty-two of the State Mineralogist (1926), pp. 470-71; Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Journal of Mines and Geology 34 (October 1938):406. Herman Albert, who worked at the Lost Burro for a short time, mentions a "nice little settlement of tents with board floors and walls all set up and furnished ready for occupancy" in which miners of the Montana-Tonopah Co. would live while working the mine. Odyssey of a Desert Prospector (Norman: Univ. of Oklahoma Press, 1967), pp. 234-35. Witt, in his "Preliminary Report on the Ubehebe Lead Mine," (1949), states that "At the old Los Burros [sic] Mine, some twelve miles east [of the Ubehebe Mine] is a spring which once supplied a forty ton gold mill operated many years ago by the Tonopah Mining Co." Pp. 2-3. It would appear, therefore, that the mill did function for a short period at least.
92. Inyo Independent, 8 September 1928.
93. McAllister, Special Report 42, p. 44; Notices of Location, Lost Burro #1 and #2 lode mining claims, located 3 November 1948, Vol. 59, pp. 41-42, Inyo Co. Courthouse; Notice of Location, Gold Belt Mill Site, located 18 December 1948, Vol. C, p. 535, Inyo Co. Courthouse.
94. Wm. C. Thompson to Supt., DEVA NM, 16 January 1978. Thompson's dates seem open to question.
95. Wm. C. Thompson to Sen. John V. Tunney, 22 March 1975; Thompson to Supt., DEVA NM, 16 January 1978; Thompson to The President (via Repr. Shirley N. Pettis), 19 October 1977.
96. McAllister, Special Report 42, p. 44.
97. Bullfrog Miner, 15 June 1907.
98. Eakle et al., Mines and Mineral Resources p. 102; Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Report of the State Mineralogist (1926), p. 496; C.. George Lippincott, Jr., to Bob Mitchum [sic] 11 July 1974.
99. McAllister, Special Report 42, p. 29.
100. Mining Journal, 30 November 1942, p. 24, and 15 November 1943, pp. 20-21.
101. Mining Journal, 30 March 1946, p. 22.
102. Calif. St. Mng. Bur., Journal of Mines and Geology 47 (January 1951):73-74; A.E. Bernard (State Inspector of Mines), Nevada Mines Mills and Smelters in Operation as of December 1, 1953 p. 10; State Inspector of Mines, Report 1953-54 p. McAllister, Special Report 42, p. 29.
103. Donald M. Spalding, Supt., DEVA NM, to C. George Lippincott, Jr., 29 December 1977.
104. McAllister, Special Report 42, pp. 29, 31; Walter Gould, "Mineral Report for the Lead King, Lead King No. 1, Lead King No. 3 through Lead King No. 8 Lode Mining Claims and the Lippincott Millsite Claim in Death Valley National Monument, California," 29 March 1978, p. 1.
105. McAllister, Special Report 42, pp. 18, 29.
106. Mining Journal, 30 June 1945, p. 20.
107. Evans et al., Special Report 125, p. 47.
108. A.H. Chidester, A.E.J. Engel, and L.A. Wright, "Talc resources of the United States," USGS Bulletin No. 1167 (Washington: GPO, 1964), Table 9, hereafter referred to as USGS Bulletin No. 1167; Evans et al., Special Report 125, p. 43.
109. F.A. Spicker, "Mineral Report for the White Horse Talc #1, White Horse #2, White Horse Talc #3, White Horse Talc #4 Unpatented Lode Mining Claims in Death Valley National Monument, California," 16 June 1978, p. 1; Carl A. Stadler, "The Geology of the Goldbelt Spring Area, Northern Panamint Range, Inyo County, California," MS thesis, University of Oregon, 1968, cited in ibid., p. 3.
110. Stadler, "The Geology of the Goldbelt Spring Area," in F.A. Spicker, "Mineral Report for the Gold Belt Talc No. 1, Gold Belt Talc No. 2, Gold Belt Talc No. 3 Unpatented Lode Mining Claims and the Gold Belt Millsite in Death Valley National Monument, California," 16 June 1978, p. 2; Chidester et al., USGS Bulletin No. 1167, Table 9.
111. Rhyolite Herald, 10 March 1909; Rhyolite Daily Bulletin, 26 May 1909.
112. Mining Journal, 30 January 1927, p. 36.
113. Inyo Independent, 5 February 1927.
114. Mining Journal, 15 February 1927, p. 31.
115. Ibid., 15 March 1927, p. 34; Inyo Independent, 7 May 1927.
116. Inyo Independent 4 June 1927.
117. Ibid., 11 June 1927. Efforts to locate a copy of this plat in either the Inyo Co., California, recorder's office or in that of the Esmeralda Co., Nevada, clerk and recorder were fruitless. The only Skookum Mining District known about in the latter state is the district by that name in Lander Co., outside Austin.
118. Mining Journal, 30 June 1927, p. 31. This is not to be confused with the Skookum-Bullfrog Group of claims in the Bullfrog District near Gold Center, which were active much earlier, about 1906 to 1907.
119. Ibid., p. 32; 15 July 1927, p. 30.
120. Inyo Independent, 20 November 1926. Messrs. Logan, McNamara, Traynor, and Maloney later became directors of Death Valley Gold Mines, Inc., the Nevada organization incorporated in November 1926 that carried out initial explorations in the area that later was designated the Skookum Mining District.
121. Mining Journal, 15 August 1927, p. 30.
122. Inyo Independent, 17 September 1927.
123. Mining Journal, 30 October 1927, p. 34.
124. Inyo Independent, 3 December 1927.
125. From MS, Hank Johnston, Death Valley Scotty: The Man and the Myth, Chapter 7, pp. 2-3, in history files, DSC.
126. Inyo Independent, 25 February 1928.
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Last Updated: 22-Dec-2003