Cowpens Administrative History

¹ Monthly Reports, May 1948, January 1949, May 1949, May 1950, January 1951, January 1954, March 1956, March 1957, January 1958, March 1958, March 1959, June-July 1959, January 1960, March 1960, January 1962, March 1963; "Battle of Cowpens Depicted by Spartan," Spartanburg Herald-Journal, January 14, 1968, D-1, D-6, COWP; "Americans Win Cowpens Battle All Over Again," Spartanburg Herald-Journal, January 1968, COWP; "MorganSmart Old Soldier," Spartanburg Herald-Journal, January 1968, COWP; "Students Find Few Relics at Site of Cowpens Battle," Spartanburg Herald-Journal, January 1968, COWP; Monthly Public Use Reports, Cowpens National Battlefield Site and Kings Mountain National Military Park, 1946-1967, KIMO; Master Plan for the Preservation, Volume I, Chapter 1, Objectives and Policies, 6; Massey, 88-89.

² Monthly Reports, March 1952, October 1953, February 1955, May 1955.

³ Master Plan for the Preservation, Volume I, Chapter 2, Visitor Use Brief, 2.

⁴ Ibid., Volume I, Chapter 2, 2; Chapter 4, 2; Monthly Reports, July 1958, November-December 1958, April 1959, September 1959, December 1959; Temporary Interpretive Trailside Exhibits for Cowpens National Battlefield Site, Research Report, December 11, 1958, i-xix, File D66, KIMO; Massey, 88-89.

⁵ Superintendent, Kings Mountain, to Regional Director, April 30, 1958, File D66, KIMO.

⁶ Master Plan for the Preservation, Volume I, Chapter 2, Visitor Use Brief, 2; Chapter 4, Park Operations Outlines, 2; Volume III, Section D, Natural History and Historical Background, 2; Monthly Reports, July 1958, November-December 1958, April 1959, September 1959, December 1959, February 1960, April 1960, August 1960, November 1960, April 1961, July-August 1961, February 1963; Temporary Interpretive Trailside Exhibits, i-xix; Massey, 88-89.

⁷ "Cowpens Tarleton Portrait," Gaffney Ledger, May 17, 1978, Newspaper Files, KIMO; "Art of Wilson Aids Goodfellows," Spartanburg Herald, December 3, 1978, Newspaper Files, KIMO; "Main Street," Clover Herald, January 17, 1979, Newspaper Files, KIMO; "National Battleground at Cowpens Expanding," Spartanburg Herald-Journal, July 29, 1979, Newspaper Files, KIMO; "Cowpens: History in Our Backdoor," Compass: The Savers Club Magazine, October-December 1979, 23-26; Eastern National Parks and Monuments Association, Cowpens National Battlefield, list of sales items, August 7, 1978, Reading Files, COWP; Traveling Exhibit Coordinator, Southeast Regional Office, to Harpers Ferry Center, January 28, 1980, Reading Files, COWP; Stanek, Agent, to Delores Pierce, Eastern National Parks and Monuments Association, June 5, 1980, Reading Files, COWP.

⁸ Cowpens National Battlefield, South Carolina, Interpretive Prospectus, 3-12; Cowpens National Battlefield Site Wayside Exhibit Plan, Cowpens Files, KIMO.

⁹ Ben F. Moomaw to Director, Southeast Region, March 27, 1974, Folder 6, Box 1, Series 7, KIMO.

¹⁰ Cowpens National Battlefield Visitor Center Exhibits, Final Exhibit Plan, December 1979, revised May 1980, Harpers Ferry Center, COWP; Unit Manager to Manager, Harpers Ferry Center, May 22, 1980, Reading Files, COWP; Frederick H. Boyles, An Interpretive Prospectus for the Robert Scruggs House, Cowpens National Battlefield, Clemson University, October 1980, 89-92, Cowpens Files, KIMO; "Sunday Concert in the Park," Gaffney Ledger, August 3, 1979, Newspaper Files, KIMO; "Musicians Will Perform at Battlefield," Spartanburg Journal, August 1979, Newspaper Files, KIMO; "Nature Shop Program," Spartanburg Journal, August 1979, Newspaper Files, KIMO.

¹¹ National Park Service News Release, July 5, 1981, Reading Files, COWP; Superintendent to Regional Director, December 10, 1981, Reading Files, COWP; Pat Stanek to Benjamin Floyd Flickinger, December 15, 1981, Reading Files, COWP; VIP Program Survey, Cowpens National Battlefield, 1984, COWP; Agent to ENPMA, October 11, 1984, Reading Files, COWP; Accession Receiving Reports, Cowpens National Battlefield, Accessions 2-18, COWP.

¹² Nancy Atkins, "'Daybreak at Cowpens' Premiers Friday in Greenville," Spartanburg Herald-Journal, May 16, 1993, A-1, B-6, COWP; Memorandum of Understanding between Arthur Magill and Eastern National Parks and Monuments Association, 1983, COWP; Superintendent to Regional Director, May 15, 1984, Reading Files, COWP; Regional Director to Fred Rath, May 15, 1984, Reading Files, COWP; Annual Reports, 1984, 4; 1994, 1-2; Annual Report, Eastern National Parks and Monuments Association, Cowpens National Battlefield, 1990, Reading Files, COWP; Virginia G. Fowler to Amanda Lytle, April 17, 1991, Reading Files, COWP; Pat Ruff to Rich Jamgochian, February 2, 1995, Reading Files, COWP.

¹³ Pat Stanek to George Minnucci, April 24, 1984, Reading Files, COWP.

¹⁴ Peter S. Givens, Activity Schedule, Cowpens National Battlefield, May 18, 1984, Reading Files, COWP; National Park Service Press Release, "Stars and Snakes Highlight Evening Program at Cowpens," 1984, Reading Files, COWP; National Park Service Press Release, "Weekend Activities at Cowpens National Battlefield," 1984, Reading Files, COWP; National Park Service Press Release, "Weekend Activities at Cowpens National Battlefield are Scheduled," 1984, Reading Files, COWP; Annual Report, 1984, 2-3.

¹⁵ Annual Report, 1984, 3.

¹⁶ Pat Ruff, interview by author, March 17, 1998.

¹⁷ Karen G. Rehm to Elizabeth Pitts, November 11, 1985, Reading Files, COWP; Karen G. Rehm to Barbara Hartsoe, April 6, 1986, Reading Files, COWP; Chesnee Tribune, February 24, 1988, Newspaper Clipping Files, COWP; "District Two School News," Chesnee Tribune, January 25, 1989, Newspaper Clipping Files, COWP; Dr. Anita P. Davis to Pat Ruff, November 6, 1992, Teacher Packet folder, Office Files, COWP; "School Curriculum Guides Released At Battlefield," Chesnee Tribune, May 5, 1993, Newspaper Clipping Files, COWP; Annual Report, Eastern National Parks and Monuments Association, Cowpens National Battlefield, 1993, Eastern National Sales Information folder, Office Files, COWP; "'Earth Day' fun run at Cowpens Battlefield," Chesnee Chronicle, April 28, 1998, Newspaper Clipping Files, COWP.

¹⁸ Patricia A. Ruff to Wilke E. Nelson, July 5, 1994, Reading Files, COWP; Virginia G. Fowler to Kimberly Walsh, undated, Reading Files, COWP.

¹⁹ Patricia A. Ruff to Wilke E. Nelson, July 5, 1994, Reading Files, COWP.

²⁰ VIP Program Survey, Cowpens National Battlefield, 1984, COWP; Pat Ruff to Gallagher Research Services, May 26, 1992, Reading Files, COWP; Ginny Fowler to Karen Loring, August 24, 1995, Reading Files, COWP; Annual Report, 1998, 3; Virginia G. Fowler to Mr. and Mrs. Lyle Campbell, December 31, 1996, Reading Files, COWP; Virginia G. Fowler to Dr. and Mrs. Gibbes Patton, December 31, 1996, Reading Files, COWP; "Special event planned at Cowpens Battlefield," undocumented newspaper article, Newspaper Clipping Files, COWP.

²¹ "Good old days weren't so easy," Spartanburg Herald-Journal, November 21, 1993, Newspaper Clipping Files, COWP; Pat Ruff, memorandum attached to Customer Service Plan, May 1995, Office Files, COWP; Eastern National Publication and Theme-Related Items Request, September 10, 1993, Eastern NP&MA folder, Office Files, COWP; Placement of metal doors on Scruggs House, 106 Form (XXX), September 27, 1993, 106 Forms (XXX) folder, Office Files, COWP; Virginia G. Fowler to Frances S. Blickensderfer, December 31, 1996, Reading Files, COWP.

²² Pat Ruff, interview with author, Cowpens National Battlefield, South Carolina, November 4, 1999; Annual Reports, Eastern National Parks and Monuments Association, Cowpens National Battlefield, 1990, 1992, Reading Files, COWP; Annual Reports, Eastern National Parks and Monuments Association, Cowpens National Battlefield, 1993, 1995, 1996, Eastern National Sales Information folder, Office Files, COWP; Sales Statistics, Eastern National Sales Information folder, Office Files, COWP; Eastern National Publication and Theme-Related Items Request, July 22, 1992, Eastern NP&MA folder, Office Files, COWP; Mark Finley to Pat Ruff, August 13, 1993, Eastern NP&MA folder, Office Files, COWP; Mark Finley to Pat Stanek, October 28, 1993, Eastern NP&MA folder, Office Files, COWP; Ginny Fowler to Jim Ryan, December 9, 1996, Reading Files, COWP.

²³ Superintendent to Regional EO Manager, February 14, 1985, Reading Files, COWP; Park Historian to Chief, Interpretation and Resources Management, December 22, 1985, Reading Files, COWP; Superintendent to Regional EO Committee, March 3, 1986, Reading Files, COWP.

²⁴ Eastern National Publication and Theme-Related Items Request, September 10, 1993, Eastern NP&MA folder, Office Files, COWP.

²⁵ Black Americans at the Battle of Cowpens, NPS Press Release, February 6, 1997, Black History folder, Office Files, COWP; "New faces of history," Charlotte Observer, February 28, 1997, Black History folder, Office Files, COWP; Rhonda Gossett, interview by author, November 3, 1999; Annual Report, 1998.

²⁶ Cowpens National Battlefield web page [http://www.nps.gov/cowp], November 17, 1999; Pat Ruff to Holly Melosi and Holly Magill, March 13, 1997, Reading Files, COWP; Pat Ruff, interview by Steve Davis, November 4, 1999.

²⁷ Annual Reports, Eastern National Parks and Monuments Association, Cowpens National Battlefield, 1990, 1992, Reading Files, COWP; Sales Statistics, Eastern National Sales Information folder, Office Files, COWP; Annual Reports, Eastern National Parks and Monuments Association, Cowpens National Battlefield, 1995, 1996, Eastern National Sales Information folder, Office Files, COWP; Pat Ruff, interview by author, November 4, 1999.

²⁸ Pat Ruff to all park employees December 12, 1990, Reading Files, COWP; Chief Ranger to Superintendent, March 9, 1992, Reading Files, COWP; "Marine Core Brass Visits Cowpens National Battlefield," Chesnee Tribune, August 10, 1988, Newpaper Clipping Files, COWP; "Soldiers analyze Cowpens battle," Spartanburg Herald-Journal, January 9, 1989, B1 and B3, Newspaper Clipping Files, COWP; Patricia A. Ruff to Major Donald C. Schoppe, October 8, 1996, Old Working Files folder, Office Files, COWP; "Leaders learn from past at historic battle site," Fort Jackson Leader, October 17, 1996, Newspaper Clipping Files, COWP.

²⁹ "Cowpens: History in Our Backdoor," Compass: The Savers Club Magazine, October-December 1979, 23-26; Reenactment of the Battle of Cowpens, 1776-1976, January 17, 1976, souvenir program, Events Vertical File, COWP; "Glory Covers the Battle of Cowpens," Glory, Spring-Summer 1976, volume 6, number 4, 11-13; Battle of Cowpens Celebration Ceremonies on January 16-17, 1979, souvenir program, Events Vertical File, COWP; Battle of Cowpens Celebration, The One Hundred Ninety-Ninth Anniversary of the Battle of Cowpens, souvenir program, Events Vertical File, COWP; "Today Marks 198^th Cowpens Anniversary," The Gaffney Ledger, January 17, 1979, Newspaper Files, KIMO; "Cowpens Battlefield: 198^th Anniversary Ceremonies Held at National Battlefield Site," The Shelby Daily Star, January 18, 1979, Newspaper Files, KIMO.

³⁰ Bicentennial Schedule, Cowpens National Battlefield, souvenir program, Events Vertical File, COWP; "Public to Have a 'Ringside Seat' at Cowpens Military Demonstrations," NPS news release, December 18, 1980, Reading Files, COWP; "NPS Director Dickenson to Speak at Cowpens Dedication Ceremonies," NPS news release, December 31, 1980, Reading Files, COWP; "Authority on Revolution to Speak at Bicentennial Celebration Fete," Cowpens Bicentennial Celebration Committee news release, January 12, 1981, Events Vertical File, COWP; "Ceremonies this Weekend Will Mark Bicentennial of Battle of Cowpens," Cowpens Bicentennial Celebration Committee news release, January 9, 1981, Events Vertical File, COWP; "Daniel Morgan Memorial Award," 1981 flyer, Events Vertical File, COWP; First Day of Issue Ceremony, Battle of Cowpens Postal Card, January 17, 1981, souvenir program, Events Vertical File, COWP; "200^th Cowpens Battle Anniversary Jan. 17^th," Gaffney Ledger, December 5, 1980, Newspaper Files, KIMO.

³¹ Massey, 138-140; Overmountain Victory National Historic Trail, undated National Park Service brochure.

³² Annual Reports, 1984, 3; 1991, 4; 1993, 4; 1995, 2; 1996, 2; 1997, 3; Pat Stanek, Superintendent, to Conrad Schliske, September 4, 1981, Reading Files, COWP; Karen Rehm to Ms. Ardeth Nieman, September 20, 1984, Reading Files, COWP; Karen Rehm to Jack Stansbury, November 13, 1984, Reading Files, COWP.

³³ National Park Service Press Release, "The Celebration of the 204^th Anniversary of the Battle of Cowpens," COWP; "Crowd salutes Cowpens anniversary," Spartanburg Herald-Journal, January 18, 1987, Newspaper Clipping Files, COWP; "Troops invade Cowpens again," Spartanburg Herald-Journal, January 14, 1990, Newspaper Clipping Files, COWP; Annual Reports, 1993, 4; 1994, 2; 1995, 2; 1996, 2-3.

³⁴ "205^th Anniversary of the Battle at the Cowpens," NPS news release, January 7, 1986, Reading Files, COWP; The 205^th Anniversary of the Battle at the Cowpens, January 18-19, 1986, souvenir program, Events Vertical File, COWP; "Anniversary Celebration Scheduled at Cowpens National Battlefield," NPS news release, January 1988, Reading Files, COWP; "209^th Anniversary Celebration," NPS news release, January 1990, Reading Files, COWP; 209^th Anniversary Celebration, Battle of Cowpens, January 13-14, souvenir program, 1990, Events Vertical File, COWP; "Race for the Grasshopper," NPS news release, January 1991, Reading Files, COWP; "212^th Anniversary Celebration, Battle of Cowpens, January 16-17, 1993," NPS news release, January 1993, Reading Files, COWP; Annual Reports, 1991, 3; 1994, 2; 1995, 2.

³⁵ "Public to have a 'Ringside Seat' at Cowpens Military Demonstrations," NPS News Release, December 18, 1980; Annual Report, 1984, 3; The Rebels and Redcoats of Cowpens, May 5-6, 1984, souvenir program, Events Vertical File, COWP; "Rebels and Redcoats of Cowpens," NPS news release, April 25, 1985, Reading Files, COWP; Timothy J. Krugel to William T. Springer, October 25, 1985, Reading Files, COWP; Farrell Saunders, Superintendent, Cowpens National Battlefield, to 18^th Century Living History Reenactment/Military Units, April 4, 1995, Reading Files, COWP.

³⁶ Annual Reports, 1993, 4; 1994, 2; 1995, 3; 1996, 2; 1997, 2; "Grand 4^th of July," Cowpens National Battlefield, July 4, 1993, souvenir program, Events Vertical File, COWP.

³⁷ U.S.S. Cowpens CVL-25, "The Mighty Moo," souvenir print, USS Cowpens Vertical File, COWP; Guided Missile Cruiser, Cowpens (CG-63), souvenir booklet, USS Cowpens Vertical File, COWP.

³⁸ Unaddressed memorandum, October 13, 1976, KIMO.

³⁹ Pat Stanek, Superintendent, to Gerald Shaw, April 13, 1982, Reading Files, COWP.

⁴⁰ Pat Stanek, Superintendent, to Mrs. C.W. Dearybury, June 30, 1982, Reading Files, COWP; Annual Reports, 1984, 3; 1991, 4; 1995, 3; Chief Park Ranger, Cowpens National Battlefield, to Chief Interpreter, Shiloh National Military Park, January 23, 1992, Reading Files, COWP; The following citations are from the USS Cowpens Vertical File, COWP: Gerald B. Shaw to Robert S. Armstrong, Superintendent, May 19, 1989; Edward Moore, Jr., to Pat Ruff, April 30, 1990; "U.S.S. Cowpens is Coming," Gaffney Ledger, June 8, 1990, 2; "USS Cowpens Replica Coming to Park," Chesnee Tribune, June 20, 1990; "Mighty Moo Festival begins Friday," Gaffney Ledger, June 20, 1990; "Model of USS Cowpens to be presented," Gaffney Ledger, June 20, 1990, 2B; Program to present a Model of USS Cowpens (CG 63) to Cowpens National Battlefield Visitors Center, 3:00 pm, 23 June 1990; "Young, old honor USS Cowpens," Spartanburg Herald, June 24, 1990.

⁴¹ "Battlefield gets 'touchy,'" Chesnee Chronicle, June 25, 1996, Newspaper Clipping Files, COWP; Comparison Chart, Eastern NP&MA folder, Office Files, COWP; Patricia A. Ruff to Al Kalbfleisch, March 26, 1998, CVL-25 and CG-63 folder, Office Files, COWP; Annual Reports, 1995, 1, 3; 1996, 2; 1997, 2; 1998, 2-3; Rhonda Gossett, interview by author, November 2, 1999; Pat Ruff, interview by Steve Davis, November 4, 1999. Grasshopper," NPS news release, January 1991, Reading Files, COWP; "212^th Anniversary Celebration, Battle of Cowpens, January 16-17, 1993," NPS news release, January 1993, Reading Files, COWP; Annual Reports, 1991, 3; 1994, 2; 1995, 2.