Civil War Defenses of Washington
Historic Resource Study
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PART II

BIBLIOGRAPHY

MANUSCRIPT MATERIALS

Archives of the District of Columbia

Records of the District of Columbia

Central Classified Files: Engineer Department, (ED) Engineer Department Case Files, 1897-1955
   #155186
   #23181
   #248515

Freedman Project, University of Maryland

Copies of Documents Collected for the Editing Project

Library of Congress

Periodical Sections

   LC Newspapers
      The Washington (Evening) Star, 1865-67
      The Washington Post, April 1-May 25, 1898

Manuscript Division

   Olmsted Associates Records
   Frederick Law Olmsted Papers

National Archives

Textual Records

   Record Group 42, Records of the Office of Public Buildings and Grounds
      Entry 109, Newspaper Clippings, 1926-27, Box 5
      General Correspondence, 307, Public Grounds: Extension of Park System: Civil War Forts Parkway

   Record Group 46, Records of the United States Senate
      56th Congress, Committee Papers, Committee on Military Affairs, Sen 56A-F21, Box 97
      58th Congress, Sen 58A-E1, Box 38
      59th Cong, Sen 59A-E1, Box 45
      59th Congress, Sen 59A-E1, Box 54
      60th Congress, Sen 60A-E1, Box 36;
      67th Congress, Papers Re: to specific Bills and Resolutions, S.1-50, Box 1—S. 4
      69th Congress, E-1, Box 39

   Record Group 66, Records of the Commission on Fine Arts
      E-17, Project Files, 1910-52
      Forts: Fort Dupont—Water Tower
         Fort Lincoln Cemetery, Prince Georges County, MD
         Fort Reno—Water tower
         Fort Stanton—Water Tower
         Fort Stevens

   Record Group 77, Records of the Office of the Chief of Engineers
      Entry 18, Letters Received, 1826-66.
      Entry 29, N & S Indexes to Series 30
      Entry 30, Letters Sent, 1866-70
      Entry 31, Name & Subject Index to Series 33
      Entry 32, Register of Letters Received, 1866-67
      Entry 33, Letters Received, 1866-67
      Entry 34, Name & Subject Index to Series 36
      Entry 36, Letters Received ("A" File), November 1867-November 1870
      Entry 36, Letters Received, ("A" File), 1867-70
      Entry 40, Letters Sent Regarding Claims, 1866-70
      Entry 45, Letters Received Regarding Claims, 1865-70
      Entry 99, Name and Subject Index to Series 103
      Entry 102, Record Cards for General Correspondence, 1894-1923
      Entry 103, General Correspondence, 1894-1923
      Entry 127, Engineer Orders and Circulars, Orders, Issuances, 1811-1868
      Entry 171, Land Papers, 1794-1916
      Entry 282, Registers of Claims Considered By the Chief of Engineers and the Chief of Topographical Bureau, 1860-94
      Entry 291, DeGrange Index, 1789-1889
      Entry 572, Defenses of Washington, 1861-66, Correspondence Relating to Timber Claims, Statements of Timber Cut, Inspection Reports, and Requests for Compensation, 1862-65
      Entry 574, Defenses of Washington, 1861-66, Land Releases, 1865.

   Record Group 79, Records of the National Park Service
      Entry 21, Annual & Quarterly Reports, 1913-42, NCR
      Entry 21, Annual & Quarterly Reports, 1913-42, NCR, nothing
      Entry 44, Records Concerning WPA Projects, 1935-43
      E-119, Register of Battleground National Cemetery, (PI 166)
      E121, Clippings, 1934-37
      Records of the Branch of Recreation, Land Protection, and State Cooperation, Narrative Reports Concerning ECW (CCC) Projects in NPS Areas, 1933-35, District of Columbia

   Record Group 92, Records of the Office of the Quartermaster General
      Entry 225, Special Files, 1794-1926, Consolidated Correspondence File, 1794-1890
      Entry 843, Claims and Related Papers for Damage to Property by Troops in the Service of the United States, 1861-65
      Entry 1054, Miscellaneous Records Relating to Reservations and to Buildings, 1819-65
      Claims files by Register Letter or Number and claims number

   Record Group 94, Records of the Adjutant Generals Office, 1780s to 1917
      Entry 12, Letters Received, 1805-89
      Entry 25, Correspondence File, 1890-1917
      Entry 26, Record Cards, 1890-1917
      Entry 44, Orders and Circulars, 1797-1910
      Entry 61, Returns of Departments, 1818-1916
      Entry 226, Special File, 1790-1946
      Entry 287, Miscellaneous File, 1800s-1917
      Entry 289, General Information Index, 1794-1918
      Entry 464, Reservation File, 1800s to 1916
      Entry 465, Outline Index of Military Forts and Stations
      Entry 501, Record and Pension Office, Document File, 1889-1904
      National Archives Microfilm Pub., M617, Post Returns

   Record Group 105, Records of the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands
      Entry 456, District of Columbia, Letters Received

   Record Group 233, Records of the United States House of Representatives
      67th Congress, Papers Accompanying Specific Bills and Resolutions, committee on district of Columbia, HR67A-D5, Box 99—H.R. 8792
      Papers Accompanying Specific Bills and Resolutions, HR70A-D20, Box 375— H.R. 10556,
      71st Congress, Papers Accompanying Specific Bills and Resolutions, Committee on Military Affairs, HR 1A-D20, Box 354—H.R. 11489

   Record Group 328, Records of the National Capital Planning Commission
      General Records, Parks & Recreation, Planning Files, 1924-67,
      535, Parks & Recreation, Battery Kemble Park
      535, Parks and Reservations, Fort Dupont Park
      535, Parks and Reservations, Fort Foote
      535, Parks and Reservations, Fort Totten Park
      535, Parks and Reservations, Fort Totten Park—Incinerator No. 4
      543-36, Civil War Forts, Preservation of
      45-100, Fort Drive, Committee on
      545-100, Fort Drive, Fort Drive #1
      545-100, Fort Drive, Fort Drive #2

   RG35 1, Record of the Government of the District of Columbia Land Records
      Entry 51, General Files, 1924-68, 7-092, Box 329

   Record Group 393, Records of United State Army Continental Commands, 1821-1920
      Preliminary Inventory 172, Part 1
      Department and Defenses of Washington and 22nd Army Corps, 1862-69,
         Entry E-5375, Letters Sent, July 1864-March 1869,
         Entry 5376, Letters Sent, Supplemental, 1866-69
         Entry 5381, Registers of Letters Received, September 1862-March 1869
      Entry 5382, Letters Received, September 1862-March 1869
      Entry 5383, Letters Received (Unentered), 1863-67
      Entry 5385, General Orders (Printed), Sept. 1862-Dec. 1867
      Entry 5386, General Orders and Circulars, 1867-69
      Entry 5395, Station Book of Troops, 1866-68
      Entry 5408, Register of Information Furnished Relating to Claims, 1866-69
      Entry 5423, Inventory and Inspection Reports, 1865-1868
      Entry 5421, Letters Sent, 1865-69
      Entry 5422, Endorsements Sent, 1865-69
      Entry 5458, Register of Letters Received by the Chief Quartermaster, 1864-67

Preliminary Inventory 172, Part 1

   Defenses of Washington, August 1865-April 1866
      Entry 695, Letters Sent, August 1865-April 1866
      Entry 696, Endorsements, August 1865-April 1866
      Entry 698, Special Orders and General Orders, August 1865-April 1866
      Entry 699, Orders Received, August 1865-April 1866
      Entry 701, Letters Sent and Circulars Issued by the Assistant Inspector General, August 1865-April 1866
      Entry 702, Register of Inventory and Inspection Reports Forwarded and Returned, January 1865-April 1866

Cartographic and Architectural Archives—Maps, Drawings and Aerials

   RG-23 C&GS Topo Mapping of DC—index

   RG-66 Special List, 1. District of Columbia
      Metropolitan Area
         Fort Drive Parkway 26 items
         Fort Dupont 1
         Fort Reno 2
         Fort Stanton 1

      5. Historic Maps of the District of Columbia, Maryland, and Virginia #29, 30, 31

   RG 77 Plan of Ft. Worth (1888), Drawer 170, Sheet 173 2

   RG 79 National Capital Parks, Engineering Branch
         Fort DeRussy 55-92
         Battleground Cemetery 103-1 to
         Fort Drive Project- 100-1,100.8-1
         Fort Stanton - 00.1-1
         Fort Stevens - 100.2-1
         Fort Bayard- 100.3-1
         Fort Carroll - 100.5-1
         Fort Baker- 100.4-1
         Battery Meade - 100.3-3
         Fort Reno- 100.6-1
         Fort Totten - 100.7-1

      After 1984, Park Code - Fort Circle Parks, 832

      NCP Numbered Drawings
         Fort Drive 100.2 - 100-52 (100-51, 100-50, 100-52),
         Fort Stanton 1-2, 1-3, 1-4, 1-8, 1-13, 1-15, 1-33
         Ft. Stevens 100.2-1, 2-2, 2-7, 2-9a, 2-10, 2-11 (100.2-1)

   RG-328

      NPC "Old Files"
         1.9-203 - Aerial view of Washington and Virginia, photo, no date
         37.3-18 - Anacostia River, US Engineer Reservation, 1932

      NPC "New Files"
         1927 Aerial Photos of DC

National Park Service, National Capital Region Office, Ohio Drive

Ed Fitzgerald to Rock Comstock, September 24, 1973, CRBLB Material, Fort Circle Parks, in Stephen Potters Office, National Park Service, National Capital Parks

Notebooks

Various Maps

National Register Collections, National Park Service, North Capital and H Streets, N W.

Civil War Defenses of Washington National Register Nominations and miscellaneous similar type nominations

Rock Creek Park, National Park Service

Historical Files

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, St. Louis District

"A" Site Fort Reno, Washington, D.C., Project Number-C03DC048401, March 1997,0 4.1.1 General Site History

U.S. Army Military History Institute, Carlisle Barracks, PA

Manuscript Section
   Papers of Men who garrisoned forts in Washington, D.C.
   Army War Student Papers relating to the Defenses of Washington, D.C.


NEWSPAPER ARTICLES

Arlington County, VA, Main Library

Newspaper Articles File

Martin Luther King Library

Newspaper Articles File

Virginiana Room, Fairfax Regional Library, Fairfax County, Virginia

Newspaper Articles File

Washington Historical Society

Newspaper Articles File


PUBLICATIONS AND OTHER STUDIES

Abbot, Henry L. A Biographical Memoir of John Gross Barnard." Professional Memoirs, Corps of Engineers, United States Army and Engineer Department at Large, 5, January-February 1913, 83-90.

Abbot, Henry Larcom. Siege Artillery in the Campaigns Against Richmond, with Notes on the Fifteen-Inch Gun, Corps of Engineers Professional Paper No. 14. Washington, DC: The Government Printing Office, 1867.

Adams, F. Colburn. Siege of Washington, D. C. Written Expressly for Little People. New York: Dick & Fitzgerald, Publishers, 1867.

The Advance upon Washington in July, 1864." Southern Magazine, 8, June 1871, 750-63.

Aide-Memoire to the Military Sciences. Framed from Contributions of Officers of the Different Services, and Edited by A Committee of the Corps of Royal Engineers in Dublin, 1845-1846. Three Volumes. London: John Weale, 1846-52.

Aide-Memoire to the Military Sciences. Framed from Contributions of the Different Services, and Edited by A Committee of the corps of Royal Engineers, 1847-1849. Volume II. Second Edition. London: John Weale, 1853.

Albro, Walt. The Forgotten Battle for the Capital (July 1864)." Civil War Times Illustrated, 32, January! February 1993, 40-43, 56-61.

Alexander, Edward Porter. "The Battle of Bull Run." Scribner's Magazine, 41, January 1907, 80-94.

Alexandria, VA—Jones Point on the Potomac." In Daughters of the American Revolution, District of Columbia, State Historic Committee. Historical Directory of the District of Columbia. Washington, DC: State Historic Committee, District of Columbia, Daughters of the American Revolution, 1922, 78.

"Alexandria to Rebuild Civil War Fort Ward." The Washington Post, Sept 1, 1960.

Allen, Herbert F. L. Allen. "Washington Is Defenseless." The Evening Star, Nov 18, 1934.

Ambrose, Stephen E. "Dennis Hart Mahan--A Profile." Civil War Times Illustrated, 2, November 1963, 30-35.

Ambrose, William S. An Interpretive Earthworks Preservation Guide For Petersburg National Battlefield. A Special Project submitted at Clemson University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Recreation and Park Administration, Department of Recreation and Park Administration. Prepared for U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Petersburg National Battlefield at Peters burg, Virginia. March 1976.

American Battle Monuments: A Guide to Military Cemeteries and Monuments Maintained by the American Battle Monuments Commission. Edited by Elizabeth Nishiura. Detroit, MI: Omnigraphics, Inc., 1989.

Ames, Mary Clemmer. Ten Years In Washington: Life and Scenes in the National Capital, As A Woman Sees Them. Hartford, CT: A.D. Worthington & Co., 1873.

"Area Forts: The Ramparts Once Watched." The Washington Post, June 25, 1967.

Armstrong, Cynthia Grant. "Fort Ward." Northern Virginia Heritage, 1, October 1979, 7-8, 20.

The Army and Navy Journal, Volumes 1-3.

"Army Road and Bridge Builders." In John D. Billings. Hardtack and Coffee or The Unwritten Story of Army Life. Boston: G.M. Smith and Co., 1887, 377-93.

Aubin, Henry. "District's Old Forts: Squirrels Man Ivied Ramparts." The Washington Post, Monday, December 28, 1970.

Babits, Lawrence E. "A Confederate Earthwork's Internal Structure." Military Collector & Historian, 41, Winter 1989, 194-98.

Barber, James G. Alexandria in the Civil War. Lynchburg, VA: H.E. Howard, Inc., 1988.

Barnard, John Gross. The C.S.A. and the Battle of Bull Run. New York: D. Van Nostrand, I 862.

Barnard, John Gross. A Report on the Defenses of Washington, to the Chief of Engineers, U S. Army, Corps of Engineers, Corps of Engineers Professional Paper No. 20. Washington, DC: The Government Printing Office, 1871.

Barnard, John G., "The Use of Iron in Fortifications," United States Service Magazine, 1, (January 1, 1864, 25-31.

Barnard, John Gross and William F. Barry. Report of the Engineer and Artillery Operations of the Army of the Potomac from Its Organization to the Close of the Peninsular Campaign. New York: D. Van Nostrand, 1863..

Barthelmes, Wes. In Battery Kemble Park: Citizen Groups Hit Fort Drive Project." The Washington Post, April 27, 1955.

Battle, Stafford Levon. "In Defense of A Nation's Capital." Washington Living, May 1984, 50-53.

"Battle Fields, &c."In C.H. Ingram and John P. Church. What You Most Want To Know A Complete Guide and Directory, Prepared for the Members of the Grand Army of the Republic and Their Friends, Visiting the Washington National Encampment. Washington, DC: John C. Parker, 1892, 16-18.

Battles and Leaders of the Civil War... Edited by Robert U. Johnson and Clarence C. Buell. 4 Volumes. New York: The Century Company, 1887-88.

Beach, William H. The First New York (Lincoln) Cavalry from April 19, 1861 to July 7, 1865. New York: The Lincoln Cavalry Association, 1902.

"Beauty Duty Sought for 16 Old Forts.." The Washington Post, May 7, 1965.

Bell, J. Franklin. "City Engineering in Washington." The Military Engineer, 19, September-October 1927, 359-63.

Benedict, Grenville. Army Life in Virginia: Letters from the Twelfth Vermont Regiment and Personal Experience of Volunteer Service in the War of the Union, 1862-63. Burlington, VT: Free Press Association, 1895.

Besson, F.S. "The Street System of a Modern City." The Military Engineer, 15, March-April 1923, 1-5-11.

Billings, Elden E. "Military Activities in Washington in 1861." Records of the Columbia Historical Society of Washington, D.C.,, 1960-1962, 131-33.

Bissell, Lewis The Civil War Letters of Lewis Bissell: A Curriculum. Edited by Mark Olcott and David Lear. Washington, DC: The Field School Educational Foundation Press, 1981.

Blanding, Stephen F. In the Defenses of Washington or Sunshine in A Soldier's Life. Providence, RI: E.L. Freeman, 1889.

Bowen, John. Battlefields of the Civil War: A State-by-State Guide. London: Chartwell Books, Inc., 1986.

Brackenbury, Charles B. Field Works, Their Technical Construction and Tactical Application. London: Kegan Paul, Trench & Co., 1888.

Bradwell, I.G. "On to Washington." Confederate Veteran, 36, March 1928, 95-96.

Brager, Bruce L. "Fort Stevens--Lincoln Under Fire." Northern Virginian, 12, July-August 1982, 22-24.

Brewer, James H. The Confederate Negro: Virginia's Craftsman and Military Laborers, 1861-1865. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1969.

Brewer, Roy C. "Fort Scott—Past, Present, and Future." The Arlington Historical Magazine, 3, October 1965, 40-47.

Brialmont, Alexis Henri. Hasty Entrenchments. Translated by Charles A. Empson. London: Henry S. King & Co., 1872.

Brice, Martin. Forts and Fortresses: From the Hillforts of Prehistory to Modern Times—the Definitive Visual Account of the Science of Fortification. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 1990.

"Brightwood School Site Shift Planned." The Washington Post, September 16, 1949.

Brooks, Noah. Mr. Lincoln's Washington: The Civil War Dispatches of Noah Brooks. Edited by P.J. Staudenraus. New York: Thomas Yoseloff, Publisher, 1967.

Brooks, Noah. Washington, D. C. in Lincoln's Time. Edited with a new commentary by Herbert Mitgang. Chicago, IL: Quadrangle Books, 1971.

Brown, Carey H. "The Scope and Importance of City Planning." The Military Engineer, 20, September-October 1928, 413 - 15.

Brown, Glen. Papers Relating to the Improvement of Washington City. Washington, D.C.: The Government Printing Office, 1901.

Brown, J. Willard. The Signal Corps USA in the War of the Rebellion. Published by the U.S. Veterans Signal corps Association. Reprint. New York: New York Times, Co., 1974.

Brown, Leonard E. Forts DeRussy, Stevens, and Totten; General Background. Washington, DC: Division of History, Office of Archeology and Historic Preservation, National Park Service, 1968.

Brown, Leonard E. National Capital Parks: Fort Stanton, Fort Foote, Battery Ricketts. Washington, DC: Office of History and Historic Architecture, Eastern Service Center, National Park Service, 1970.

Browning, Robert S., III. "Two if by Sea: The Development of American Coastal Defense Policy. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1983.

Bryan, Wilhelmus Bogart. Compiler. Bibliography of the District of Columbia being A List of Books, Maps, and Newspapers, including Articles in Magazines and Other Publications to 1898. Washington, GPO, 1900.

Bryan, Wilhelmus Bogart. A History of the National Capital from its foundation through the Period of the Adoption of the Organic Act. Volume II. 1815-1878. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1916, 539-40.

Buchanan, James. The Works of James Buchanan. Edited by John Bassett Moore. Reprint. New York:, 1960.

Buckholtz, Louis von. On Infantry, Camp Duty, Field Fortification, and Coast Defence. Washington, DC: Selmar Siebert, 1860.

"Bunker Mentality," City Paper, January 13-19, 1995.

Bushong, William. Historic Resource Study: Rock Creek Park - District of Columbia. Washington, DC: The Government Printing Office, 1990.

Butler, Benjamin F. Private and Official Correspondence of General Benjamin F. Butler during the Period of the Civil War... 5 Volumes. Norwood, MA: Plimpton Press, 1917.

Calvin, Rita A. Compiler. Selected Theses and Dissertations on the Washington, D.C. Region. Washington, DC: Center for Washington, DC: Center for Washington Area Studies, George Washington University, 1982.

Caemmerer, H. Paul. "The Corps of Engineers and the Capital City." The Military Engineer, 45, May-June 1953, 206-10.

Caemmerer, H. Paul. A Manual on the Origin and Development of Washington; Senate Document No. 178, 75th Congress, 3rd Session. Washington, DC: GPO, 1939.

Caemmerer, H. Paul. "Topographic Features Relating to the Plan of Washington, D.C." The Military Engineer, 45, January-February 1952, 15-19.

Caemmerer, H. Paul. Washington the National Capital, Senate Report No. 332, 71st Congress, 3rd Session. Washington, DC: GPO, 1932.

"Calendar No. 1101," Senate Report No. 1036, 68th Congress, 2nd Session, February 3, 1925.

Carper, Robert L. Historic Structure Report, Administrative and Architectural Data Sections, Fort Washington Main Fort/Ravelin. Denver, CO: Denver Service Center, The National Park Service, 1982.

Cartwright, William H., Jr. with Louise E. Goeden. Abridged by William M. Offutt. The Military District of Washington 1942-1945. Bethesda, MD: Published by the Author, Printed by Brother's Printing, 1995.

Chandler, David G. "Haunted Acres: Visiting Battlefields." History Today, 26, November 1976, 743-48.

Chesney, Charles C. On the Value of Fortresses and Fortified Positions in Defensive Operations. Second Edition, Revised. London: Byfield, Stanford & Co., 1868.

Churchman, Deborah. "Searching for the Civil War (Report from the Forts)." The Washington Post, Weekend, October 23, 1981.

"Civil War Forts." In Historic Northern Virginia Buildings and Places. Published by the Northern Virginia Regional Planning and Economic Development Commission. n.d.

Civil War Round Table of the District of Columbia, "Washington Needs The Fort Memorial Freeway," Pamphlet, (1953?).

"Civil War's Fort Marcy Slated to Become Park," The Washington Post and Times Herald, Thursday, March 13, 1958.

Clinton, Amy Cheney. "Historic Fort Washington." Maryland Historical Magazine, 32, September 1937, 228-47.

Clopton, Willard. "Park Service Weighs Future of Fort Drive," The Washington Post, Monday, April 30, 1962;

Coggins, Jack. "The Engineers Played a Key Role in Both Armies" Civil War Times Illustrated, 3, January 1965, 40-47.

Colbert, Leo Otis. "Earliest Maps of Washington, D.C." The Military Engineer, 61, July-August 1949, 247-50.

Colket, Meredith B. "The Public Records of the District of Columbia." Records of the Columbia Historical Society of Washington, D.C., Vols. 48-49, 1949, 281-99

Commemoration Ceremony on The One Hundreth Anniversary of the Battle of Fort Stevens at Fort Stevens Pamphlet. Washington, D.C., July 11, 1964

"Commemoration of Certain Military Historic Events, and for Other Purposes." House Report No. 1525, 71st Congress, 2nd Session, May 19, 1930, 24.

Cooling, Benjamin Franklin, III. "Civil War Deterrent: Defenses of Washington." Military Affairs (hereafter referred to as MA), 29, Winter 1965-66, 164-78.

Cooling, Benjamin Franklin, III. "Defending Washington During the Civil War." Records of the Columbia Historical Society of Washington, D.C., Vol. 71-72, 1971-72, 314-37.

Cooling, Benjamin Franklin. Jubal Early's Raid On Washington 1864. Baltimore, MD: The Nautical and Aviation Publishing Company of America, 1989.

Cooling, Benjamin Franklin, III. Symbol, Sword, and Shield: Defending Washington During the Civil War. Second Edition. Shippensburg, PA: White Mane Publishing Company, Inc., 1991.

Cooling, Benjamin Franklin, III and Walton H. Owen, II. Mr. Lincoln's Forts: A Guide to the Civil War Defenses of Washington. Shippensburg, PA: White Mane Publishing Company, 1988.

"County Seeks to Preserve Ft. Reynolds," Washington Post, Sept 9, 1954.

Cowdrey, Albert E. A City for the Nation: The Army Engineers and the Building of Washington, D.C., 1798-1967. Washington, DC: The Government Printing Office, 1979.

Cox, James A. "Fort Delaware on the Water." Civil War Times Illustrated, 32, July-August 1993, 20-24, 26, 54.

Cox, William Van Zandt. "The Defenses of Washington—General Early's Advance on the Capital and the Battle of Fort Stevens, July 11 and 12, 1864." Records of the Columbia Historical Society, Washington, 1901, Vol. IV, 135-65.

Cox, William Van Zandt. The Defenses of Washington—General Early's Advance on the Capital and the Battle of Fort Stevens, July 11 and 12, 1864 1-31. Pamphlet.

Craighill, William P. The Army Officer's Pocket Companion. New York: D. Van Nostrand, 1863.

Cramer, John Henry. Lincoln Under Enemy Fire: The Complete Account of His Experiences During Early's Attack on Washington. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press, 1948.

Cromie, Alice. A Tour Guide to the Civil War. Third Edition, Revised and Updated. Nashville, TN: Rutledge Hill Press, 1990.

Cronin, Gerald E. "The Attacks on Our National Capital." Infantry Journal, 11, September/October 1914, 214-20.

Crouch, Howard R. Relic Hunter: The Field Account of Civil War Sites, Artifacts, and Hunting. Fairfax, VA: SCS Publications, 1978.

Crowell, Elizabeth A., Dennis Knepper and Marcia Miller. Archaeological Investigations of Fort C.F Smith. July 1987. Engineering-Science, Inc., Washington, DC., 1987.

Cullum, George W. Systems of Military Bridges in Use by the United States Army... New York: D. Van Nostrand, 1863.

Cummings, Maizie Jean. Battleground National Cemetery; An Example of A Victorian Mourning Area. George Washington University, August 24, 1990.

Curry, W.W. "To the Potomac." Edited by Paula Mitchell Marks. September/October 1989, 24-25, 59-65.

Civil War Times Illustrated, 28.

Curtis, William T.S. "Cabin John Bridge." Records of the Columbia Historical Society of Washington, D. C., 2, 1899, 293-307.

Cutts, James Madison. Gun and Mortar Batteries, 1897 to 1905, Fort Washington, Maryland: Structural Condition Survey. 2 Volumes. Washington, DC: Raymond, Parish, Pine and Plavnick, Planning and Community Development Consultants, 1975?.

"D.C's Dwindling Tax Sources." The Washington News, January 24, 1947.

Dana, Charles A. "Early's Raid on Washington." In Charles A. Dana. "Reminiscences of Men and Events of the Civil War." Part VII. McClure's Magazine, 11, May 1898, 38-40.

Daughters of the American Revolution, District of Columbia, State Historic Committee, Historical Directory of the District of Columbia. Washington, DC: State Historic Committee, District of Columbia, Daughters of the American Revolution, 1922.

David, Elizabeth S. "Fort Willard and the Defenses of Washington." Fairfax Chronicles, 10, November 1986-January 1987, 1, 4-5.

Davis, David G. "Fort Ward, Defending Washington." Castle (Ft. Belvoir, VA), 52, February 27, 1987, 7.

Davis, Henry E. "Ninth and F Streets and Thereabout." Records of the Columbia Historical Society of Washington, D.C., Vol. 5, 1902.

Davis, William C. The Battle at Bull Run: A History of the First Major Campaign of the Civil War. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1977

Day, Gene Hart. "Washington's Scenic Masterpiece—A Highway of Forts." American Motorist, February 1933, 16-17, 32-33.

de Trobriand, Comte Regis. The Life and Memoirs of Comte Regis de Trobriand Major-General in the Army of the United States by His Daughter Marie Caroline Post. New York: E.P. Dutton & Company, 1910.

de Trobriand, Comte Regis. Our Noble Blood: The Civil War Letters of Major-General Regis de Trobriand. Translated by Nathalie Chartrain. Edited by William B. Styple. Kearny, NJ: Belle Grove Publishing Co., 1997.

"Defense of Washington." Chapter Three in U.S., Engineer School. Engineer Operations in Past Wars. 2 Parts. Fort Humphreys, VA: Engineer School, 1926, Part I, pages 23-35.

"Defenses of Washington." In DeB. Randolph Keim. Keim's Illustrated Hand-Book Washington and Its Environs: A Descriptive and Historical Hand-Book to the Capital of the United States of America. Fourth Edition—Corrected to July, 1874. Washington, DC: For the Compiler, 1874, 232-33.

"The Defenses of Washington." In Noah Brooks. Mr. Lincoln's Washington: Selections from the Writings of Noah Brooks Civil War Correspondent. Edited by P.J. Staudenraus. New York: Thomas Yoseloff, 1967, 197-99.

"The Defenses of Washington During the War." The Evening Star, October 9, 1902.

Development of the United States Capital: Address Delivered in the Auditorium of the United States Chamber of Commerce Building, Washington, D.C., at Meetings Held to discuss the Development of The National Capital April 25-26, 1929; House Document No. 35, 71st Congress, 1st Session. Washington, DC: GPO, 1930.

Devlin, Raymond A. "Report of Civilian Conservation Corps Operations in the National Capital Parks, October 15, 1933-June 30, 1942." Washington, D.C. National Capital Parks, 1950.

Dey, Richard A., Jr. "The Defenses of Washington, D.C., United States of America: Yesterday and Today." Army Digest, 24, August 1969, 18-21.

Dickman, William J. Battery Rodgers at Alexandria, Virginia. Manhattan, KS: MA/AH Publishing, 1980.

"The Dismantled Forts," The Evening Star, Thursday, Sept. 28, 1865.

District of Columbia. CW Centennial Comm. Study in Patriotism, 1861-1865. Washington, D.C.: n.p., 1965?

"District, Park Service Clash Over Highway vs. Parkway." The Washington Post, April 2, 1961.

"District's Old Forts," Washington Post, Dec. 10, 1970.

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