Civil War Defenses of Washington Historic Resource Study

¹ Pamela Scott and Antoinette J. Lee, Buildings of the District of Columbia. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1993, 6; Constance McLaughlin Green, Washington: A History of the Capital, 1800-1950 (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1962) [consulted Princeton University Press paperback edition first printed in 1976, I, 21; John C. Proctor, Editor, Washington, Past and Present: A History (New York: Lewis, 1930), I, 123.

² Proctor, Washington Past and Present, 115-17, 122; Green, Washington, I, 21.

³ Chapter XIX, "The Form of Government of the District of Columbia," by Daniel E. Garges, in Proctor, Washington Past and Present, vol no and page no.; Proctor, Washington Past and Present, I, 116-17, Green, Washington, I, 158, 162-63.

⁴ Scott and Lee, Buildings of the District, 6-7; Green, Washington, 29, 86-88; Proctor, Washington Past and Present, I, 117.

⁵ Green, Washington, I, 136-37, 172-73; Proctor, Washington Past and Present, 115-17.

⁶ Green, Washington, I, 133, 164; Proctor, Washington Past and Present, I, 117.

⁷ Green, Washington, I, 164; Proctor, Washington Past and Present, I, 117-18.

⁸ Proctor, Washington Past and Present, I, 118-19; Green, Washington, I, 93-95, 134-35, 202-03.

⁹ Green, Washington, I, 103, 130-31, 203-14, 228-29; Proctor, Washington Past and Present, I, 120-22, 123.

¹⁰ Proctor, Washington Past and Present, I, 123-24.

¹¹ U.S., Works Progress Administration, Washington, D.C.: A Guide to the Nation's Capital, New Revised Edition (New York: Hastings House Publishers, 1968), 36-37; Green, Washington, I, 115-18, 193-99, 259-60; II, 50-52; Proctor, Washington Past and Present, I, 122-23, 186; II, 714-22, 771; Reed Hansen, "Civil War to Civil Concern: A History of Fort Marcy, Virginia," M.A. thesis in History, George Mason University, 1973, 13-14; William Tindall, "Beginnings of Street Railways in the National Capital," Columbia Historical Society Records, 21, 1918, 24-26.

¹² Proctor, Washington Past and Present, I, 122-23; Washington at Home: An Illustrated History of Neighborhoods in the National Capital, Kathryn Schneider Smith, Editor (Northridge, CA: Windsor Publications, Inc., produced in cooperation with the Columbia Historical Society, 1988), 77, 98-99.

¹³ Washington at Home, 75; Scott and Lee, Buildings of the District, 6.

¹⁴ John G. Barnard, A Report on the Defenses of Washington, to the Chief of Engineers, U. S. Army, Corps of Engineers, Corps of Engineers Professional Paper No. 20 (Washington, DC: The Government Printing Office, 1871), 1-6, 10-14; Scott & Lee, Buildings of the District, 6; Cooling and Owen, Mr. Lincoln's Forts, 7, 9; Regis de Trobriand, Our Noble Blood: The Civil War Letters of Regis de Trobriand, Edited by William B. Styple (Kearny, NJ: Belle Grove Publishing Co., 1997), 14-15; John B. Ellis, Sights and Secrets of the National Capital; A Work Descriptive of Washington and All Its Phases (Chicago, IL: Jones, Junkin and Company, 1869), 22-23; George Alfred Townsend, Washington, Outside and Inside. A Picture and A Narrative of the Origin, Growth, Excellences, Abuses, Beauties, and Personages of Our Governing City (Hartford, CT: James Betts & Co., 1873), 219, 638; Randolph Keim, Keim's Illustrated Hand-Book. Washington and Its Environs: A Descriptive and Historical Hand-Book to the Capital of the United States of America, Fourth Edition, corrected to July, 1874 (Washington, DC: For the Compiler, 1874), 232-33; Stilson Hutchins and W.F. Morse, A Souvenir of the Federal Capital and of the National Drill and Encampment at Washington, D.C. May 23d to May 30th. 1887 (Washington, DC: W.F. Morse, 1887), 62; Christine Sadler, "One More Mile and the District Will Have a Driveway Linking Forts, Road to Pass Fortifications of Civil War, Will Run Along Rims of Hills That Make Saucer of City, Expected to Be One of Nation's Most Scenic and Historic, The Washington Post, Sunday, October 10, 1937.

¹⁵ Reed Hansen, "Civil War to Civil Concern: A History of Fort Marcy, Virginia." M.A. thesis in History, George Mason University, 1973, 13-14; National Archives and Records Administration, Archives I, Record Group 92, Records of the Office of the Quartermaster General [hereafter referred to as RG92], Special Files, 1794-1926, Entry 225, Consolidated Correspondence File, 1794-1890, "Defenses of Washington, DC, Box 484; National Archives and Records Administration, Archives I, Record Group 77, Records of the Office of the Chief of Engineers [hereafter referred to as RG77], Records of Detached Engineer Officers, Defenses of Washington, 1861-66, Entry 574, Land Releases, 1865, including "Defenses of Washington, List of transfers of Public property as compensation for damages and releases by the Claimants," December 16, 1865."

¹⁶ National Archives and Records Administration, Archives I, Record Group 29, Records of the Bureau of the Census, Microcopy 653, Eighth Census of the United States, 1860 [hereafter referred to as M653], Roll 102, 2nd Ward, p. 451; RG92, Entry 225, Consolidated Correspondence File, "Defenses of Washington, DC," Box 484.

¹⁷ Wynn E. Withans, "Preservation Plan for Fort C.F. Smith," Plan 830 (January 1986) [Found in Fort Ward, Cooling Papers, Research Files, "Mr. Lincoln's Forts" Box 2 of 2, folder marked Fort C.F. Smith], 7; Ruth Ward, "Life in Alexandria County During the Civil War," The Arlington Historical Society Journal, VII, (October 1984), 3; Dorthea Abbott, Historian, to Gail Baker, Chairman, HALRB, September 20, 1990, Subject: History of the Hendry property, in Arlington County Central Library, Virginia Room, Vertical File, Civil War Forts–Fort C.F. Smith; RG92, Entry 225, Consolidated Correspondence File, "Defenses of Washington, DC," Box 484; RG77, Defenses of Washington, Entry 574, Land Releases, 1865, including "List of transfers of Public property as compensation for damages and releases by the Claimants," December 16, 1865."

¹⁸ RG92, Entry 225, Consolidated Correspondence File, "Defenses of Washington, DC," Box 484.

¹⁹ Fort Myer Post, The History of Fort Myer, Virginia, 100th Anniversary Issue, June 1863, 1-2; A Narrative History of Fort Myer Virginia [1954?] Falls Church, VA: Litho-Print Press, n.d., 1; RG92, Entry 225, Consolidated Correspondence File, "Defenses of Washington, DC," Box 484.

²⁰ RG92, Entry 225, Consolidated Correspondence File, "Defenses of Washington, DC," Box 484; William Silvey, RG77, Defenses of Washington, Entry 574, Land Releases, 1865, William Silvey and "List of transfers of Public property as compensation for damages and releases by the Claimants, December 16, 1865"; Benjamin Franklin Cooling, III, and Walton H. Owen, II. Mr. Lincoln's Forts: A Guide to the Civil War Defenses of Washington. Shippensburg, PA: White Mane Publishing Company, 1988, 64.

²¹ RG92, Entry 225, Consolidated Correspondence File, "Defenses of Washington, DC, Box 484.

²² Judith Beck Helm, Tenleytown, D. C.: Country Village into City Neighborhood (Washington, DC: Tennally Press, 1981), 97, 113, 119; RG92, E- 225, Consolidated Correspondence File, "Fort Reno, DC, 1863-"; Fort Ward, Cooling Papers, Research Files, "Mr. Lincoln's Forts" Box 1 of 2, 2nd folder; Washington at Home, 82-83.

²³ RG92, Entry 225, Consolidated Correspondence File, "Defenses of Washington, DC, Box 484; RG77, Defenses of Washington, Entry 574, Land Releases; M653, Roll 103, Th Ward, page 71; RG77, Land Releases, 1865, including "List of transfers of Public property as compensation for damages and releases by the Claimants, December 16, 1865."

²⁴ M653, Roll 103, 4th Ward, page 23; RG92, E-225, Consolidated Correspondence File, "De Russy, Fort (1865-66)" and "Defenses of Washington, DC"; RG92, Central Records, Claims, 1839-1914, Claims Registers and Claims, 1839-1901, Miscellaneous Claims, Entry 843, Claims and Related Papers for Damage to Property by Troops in the Service of the United States, 1861-65, #189; RG77, Letters Received, 1826-66, SW4579, L.H.T. to B.T. Swart.

²⁵ M653, Roll 103, 4th Ward, page 203; Fort Ward, Cooling Papers, Research Files, "Mr. Lincoln's Forts" Box 1 of 2, 2nd folder,"Fort DuPont";Entry 574, Land Releases, 1865, Defenses of Washington, 1861-66, Records of Detached Engineer Officers; RG77; RG77, Defenses of Washington, Entry 574, Land Releases, 1865, Michael Caton, August 15, 1865 and "List of transfers of Public property as compensation for damages and releases by the Claimants," December 16, 1865."

²⁶ M653, Roll 103, 4th Ward, page 157; RG92, Entry 225, Consolidated Correspondence File, "Slocum, Fort—D.C.," Box 1041.

²⁷ M653, Roll 103, 4th Ward, page 1; RG92, Entry 225, Consolidated Correspondence File, "Defenses of Washington, DC," Box 484.

²⁸ M653, Roll 103, 4th Ward, page 29; RG77, Defenses of Washington, Entry 574, Land Releases, 1865; RG92, Entry 225, Consolidated Correspondence File, "Defenses of Washington, DC, Box 484; U.S., Bureau of Naval Personnel, Register of the Commissioned, Warrant, and Volunteer Officers, of the Navy of the United States, Including Officers of the Marine Corps, to January 1, 1863 (Washington, DC: The Government Printing Office, 1863), 100-01.

²⁹ Washington at Home, 92-93; Philip W. Ogilvie, "Elizabeth Thomas (1821-1917), multi-page document of events in her life and reproduction of numerous published accounts about her (1998); Benjamin Franklin Cooling, Jubal Early's Raid On Washington 1864 (Baltimore, MD: The Nautical and Aviation Publishing Company of America, 1989), 132, 134, ; Benjamin Franklin Cooling, Symbol, Sword, and Shield: Defending Washington During the Civil War, Second Edition (Shippensburg, PA: White Mane Publishing Company, 1991), 80; Cooling and Walton, Mr. Lincoln's Forts, 159; Cramer, John Henry Cramer, Lincoln Under Enemy Fire: The Complete Account of His Experiences During Early's Attack on Washington, (Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press, 1948), 24-25; William Van Zandt Cox, The Defenses of Washington– General Early's Advance on the Capital and the Battle of Fort Stevens, July 11 and 12, 1864. (Washington, 1907?), 4; Program for the Commorative Ceremony on The One Hundreth Anniversary of the Battle of Fort Stevens at Fort Stevens, Washington, D.C., 2:00 o'clock, July 11, 1964 (1964), "Aunt Betty," 2 pages; U.S., Congress, Senate, Committee on the District of Columbia. Park Improvement Papers: A Series of Twenty Papers Relating to the Improvement of Park System of the District of Columbia, No. 4, Fort Stevens, Where Lincoln Was Under Fire by William V. Cox (Washington, D.C.: The Government Printing Office, 1901), 2; Major D.C. Houston to Brevet Major General Andrew A. Humphreys, Chief of Engineers, May 11, 1869, #A2298, Entry 36, Letters Received ("A File"), November 1867-November 1870, Correspondence Relating To Fortifications, Correspondence of Office Divisions, 1865-70, Records of the Central Office, RG77; Bryan Lee Dilts, Compiler. 1860 District of Columbia Census Index: Heads of Households and Other Surnames in Households Index (Salt Lake City, Utah: Index Publishing, 1983), listings under Elizabeth Thomas and Bettin [or Bettia] Thoma–there were any listings for Betsy Thomas; M653, Rolls 102-4; 3rd Ward, page 859; 4th Ward, pages 191, 216; 6th Ward, pages 573, 651, 699.

³⁰ Fort Ward, Cooling Papers, Research Files, "Mr. Lincoln's Forts" Box 1 of 2, folder marked Forts Lincoln, Thayer—Battery Jameson; "The Rambler" column, The Sunday Star, May 21, 1916—Part 4, page 7 and June 4, 1916–Part 4, page 6; Alan Virta, Prince George's County: A Pictorial History (Virginia Beach, VA: The Donning Company Publishers, 1984 & 1991), 121, 125; RG92, Entry 225, Consolidated Correspondence File, "Defenses of Washington, DC," Box 484.

³¹ Helms, Tenlytown, DC, 73, 103, 119; Making Civil War History Come Alive: A Student Project to Identify Neighborhood Sites, Grade 5, Washington Episcopal School, 5600 Little Falls Parkway, Bethesda, MD 20816, 1998, 28, 35; RG92, Entry 225, Consolidated Correspondence File, "Defenses of Washington, DC," Box 484.

³² Making Civil War History Come Alive, 28, 35; RG92, Entry 225, Consolidated Correspondence File, "Defenses of Washington, DC," Box 484; Helm, Tenlytown, DC, 73, 103, 119.

³³ RG92, Entry 225, Consolidated Correspondence File, "Defenses of Washington, DC," Box 484; Making Civil War History Come Alive, 28, 35; Helm, Tenlytown, DC; 73, 103, 119.