The Civilian Conservation Corps, 1933-1942:
A New Deal Case Study

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Chapter 8
Endnotes

1. See U. S. Department of Labor, Handbook for Agencies Selecting Men for Emergency Conservation Work (Washington, 1933), pp. 2-5.

2. Harper, pp. 35-37.

3. Report of the Director, 1937, p. 5; Holland and Hill, pp. 58-61.

4. Dorothy E. Bromley, "The Forest Army that Lives By Work," New York Times, July 23, 1933, sec. viii, p. 2.

5. Holland and Hill, pp. 36-37; Hill, p. 57.

6. U. S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Region 8, Handbook of the Civilian Conservation Corps, 1938 (typescript in Duke University Library), p. 114.

7. Ibid.

8. Hill, p. 2.

9. Ibid., pp. 2-4. Each camp had a letter of designation which identified both the type of work on which it was engaged and the agency which was controlling it. Thus, camps operating in national forests under the direction of the Forest Service were identified by the letter "F" before their numbers, those in state forests by the letter "S." Other common letters of designation were "A" (Bureau of Agricultural Research), "D" (Drainage, Bureau of Agricultural Engineering), "SCS" (Soil Conservation Service), "BR" (Bureau of Reclamation), "NPS" (National Parks Service), and "GLO" (General Land Office).

10. Report of the Director, 1937, p. 3.

11. C.R.M., No. 781, Special Enrollee Uniforms.

12. Holland and Hill, p. 38.

13. Report of the Director, 1938, pp. 8-9.

14. Holland and Hill, p. 38; Frank Ernest Hill, "The CCC Marches Towards a New Destiny," New York Times, Feb. 21, 1937, sec. vii, pp. 10-11.

15. Bromley, "The Forest Army that Lives by Work."

16. Forest Improvement by the CCC, pp. 2-9.

17. Holland and Hill, p. 113.

18. Report of the Director, 1938, pp. 45-46.

19. Holland and Hill, p. 38.

20. Harper, p. 52; Happy Days, June 24, 1933.

21. Happy Days, Jan. 2, 1937.

22. New York Times, Jan. 9, 1938; New Republic, LXXXIII (June 12, 1935), 128.

23. Holland and Hill, p. 156; CCC Handbook, p. 120.

24. Holland and Hill, p. 157.

25. Ibid., p. 41.

26. Report of the Director, 1937, p. 3; 77th Cong., 2nd Sess., Civilian Conservation Corps: A Monograph by the Legislative Reference Service, Library of Congress (Washington, 1941); Senate Documents, No. 216, pp. 51-52.

27. Harper, p. 51.

28. Report of the Director, 1941, p. 9; Holland and Hill, p. 41.

29. Holland and Hill, p. 77.

30. CCC Handbook, p. 201.

31. Ibid.

32. Ibid.

33. New York Times, Oct. 23 and 29, 1936.

34. Ibid., Dec. 15, 16, and 17, 1936.

35. Federal Security Agency, The CCC At Work (Washington, 1942), p. 40.

36. New York Times, April 3, 1937.

37. Holland and Hill, p. 204.

38. Report of the Director, 1941, p. 26.

39. Holland and Hill, p. 214.

40. Harper, p. 52

41. Literary Digest, CXXIII (June 16, 1937), 32; Records of the CCC, Educational Correspondence, CCC Activities in Nov., 1935 (typescript), p. 7.

42. Holland and Hill, pp. 129-130.

43. Harper, p. 45.

44. New York Times, May 14, 1936.

45. Ibid., Sept. 7, 1935.

46. CCC enrollees contracted venereal disease at the rate of 18.3 per 1,000. This compares very favorably with the Army rate of 87 per 1,000 in World War I, 140 per 1,000 in the Spanish-American War, and 90 per 1,000 in the Civil War. Time, XXXIII (Feb. 6, 1939), 11.

47. Holland and Hill, pp. 138-139, 226-227.



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The Civilian Conservation Corps, 1933-1942: A New Deal Case Study
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