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Capitol Reef
Administrative History |
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CHAPTER 15:
MINING AND RELATED
ENCROACHMENTS AT CAPITOL REEF NATIONAL PARK (continued)
REFERENCES
Books And Professional Papers
Barnett, Phillip S. "The Mining in the Parks Act: Theory and Practice." In Our Common Lands, Defending the National Parks, edited by David J. Simon, 415-424. Washington, D.C.: Island Press, 1988.
Butler, B. S., Loughlin, G. F., Heikes, V. C., and others. The Ore Deposits of Utah. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 111. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1920.
Crampton, C. Gregory. Standing Up Country: The Canyonlands of Utah and Arizona. Salt Lake City: Peregrine Smith Books, 1983.
Davidson, E. S. Geology of the Circle Cliffs Area, Garfield and Kane Counties, Utah. Geological Survey Bulletin 1229. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1967.
Dutton, Clarence E. Geology of the High Plains of Utah. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Geographical and Geological Survey of the Rocky Mountains, 1880.
Gilbert, Grove K. Report on the Geology of the Henry Mountains. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Geographical and Geological Survey of the Rocky Mountains, 1877.
Gregory, Herbert E., and Moore, Raymond C. The Kaiparowits Region: A Geographic and Geologic Reconnaissance of Parts of Utah and Arizona. U.S. Geographical Survey Professional Paper 164. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1931.
Hansen, George H., and Scoville, H. C. Drilling Records for Oil and Gas in Utah. Utah Geological and Mineralogical Survey Bulletin 50. Salt Lake City: College of Mines and Mineral Industries, University of Utah, February 1955.
Hunt, Charles B. Geology and Geography of the Henry Mountains Region, Utah. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 228. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1953.
Ringholz, Raye C. Uranium Frenzy: Boom and Bust on the Colorado Plateau. New York: Norton and Company, 1989.
Smith, J. Fred, Jr., and others. Geology of the Capitol Reef Area, Wayne and Garfield Counties, Utah. Geological Survey Professional Paper 363. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1963.
Snow, Anne, ed. Rainbow Views: A History of Wayne County. 4th ed. Springville, Utah: Art City Publishing, 1953.
Wilkinson, Charles F. Crossing the Next Meridian: Land, Water, and the Future of the West. Washington, D.C.: Island Press, 1992.
Newspapers
Deseret News. (Salt Lake City) April-May 1971, July 1976, January - July 1977, October 1986.
High Country News. May 1977, August 1987.
Los Angeles Times. 22 May 1977.
Ogden Standard Examiner. (Ogden, Utah) July 1974.
The Riverside (California) Press. 19 October 1976
Salt Lake Tribune. May-July 1971, August-December 1977, November 1984.
The Wall Street Journal. 20 October 1977.
Department Of Interior
Documents
Brown, Lenard J. Capitol Reef Historical Survey and Base Map. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Interior, National Park Service, 30 June 1969.
Frye, Bradford J. "The Boulder-Bullfrog Road: A History." Draft prepared for National Park Service, Rocky Mountain Region, 29 March 1992.
"General Management Plan, Final Impact Statement, Capitol Reef National Park, Utah." Doc. 158-83-07. National Park Service, Denver Service Center, Technical Information Center, October 1982.
Gilbert, Cathy A., and McKoy, Kathleen L. "Rural Cultural Landscape Report: A Rural Historic District, Capitol Reef National Park." Draft prepared for National Park Service, Rocky Mountain Region, July 1993.
"Henry Mountain Coal Site, Environmental Assessment Report," Environmental Services Group, AMAX, Inc. April 1975
"Henry Mountain Unsuitability Study." Bureau of Land Management, Richfield District Office, February 1992
"Kaiparowits Coal Development and Transportation Study." Final Report compiled by Environmental Research and Technology, Inc. Doc. 158-D-135, National Park Service, Denver Service Center, Technical Information Services, 1 August 1980.
O'Bannon, Patrick W. "Capitol Reef National Park: A Historic Resource Study." Prepared under contract for National Park Service, Rocky Mountain Region, June 1992.
"Proposed Wilderness, Capitol Reef National Park, Utah." Draft Environmental Statement. Denver: National Park Service, Denver Service Center, June 1974.
"Statement for Management, Capitol Reef National Park." United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service, October 1989.
Other Federal Records
Congressional Record:
94th Cong., 2nd sess., 1976. Vol. 122, pt. 7.
95th Cong., 1st sess., 1977. Vol. 123. pt. 21.
Interior Board of Land Appeals:
Decision 75-288, 25 IBLA 2
Decision 79-51.
U.S. Statutes at Large. 90 (1976):1342-1344; 91 (1977):732-738.
Code of Federal Regulations. Vol. 36, Part 9.
Federal Register. "Presidential Proclamation 3888," Vol. 34, No. 14:907.
Archives
National Archives - Rocky Mountain Region, Denver, Colorado
Record Group 79: Records of the National Park Service Accessions:
79-60A-354
79-73A-136
79-76A-1229
Capitol Reef National Park, Torrey, Utah:
Active Superintendent's Files
Historic Superintendent's Files
Capitol Reef National Park Archives
Resource Management Files
Utah State Historical Society Archives, Salt Lake City, Utah.
U.S. Forest Service, Dixie National Forest Historic Files.
Interviews
Godby, Evangeline Tappan. (Uranium Prospector) Interview with George Davidson. Tape recording, 1 September 1981. Capitol Reef Archives
Heyder, Robert G. ( Former Superintendent, Capitol Reef National Park) Interview with Bradford Frye. Tape recording, 1 November 1993. Administrative History Files and Notes.
Kelly, Charles. (Former Superintendent, Capitol Reef National Monument) Interview with Lenard Brown. Reel-to-reel tape recording, 26 May 1969. Tape and transcript on file in Capitol Reef Archives.
Lundy, Charles V. (Superintendent, Capitol Reef National Park) Interview with Bradford Frye. Tape recording, 29 July 1994. Tape in Administrative History Files and Notes.
FOOTNOTES
1 Anne Snow, ed., Rainbow Views: A History of Wayne County, 4th ed. (Springville, Utah: Art City Publishing, 1953), 92.
2 C. Gregory Crampton, Standing Up Country: The Canyonlands of Utah and Arizona (Salt Lake City: Peregrine Smith Books, 1983), 120.
3 See Chapter 2 for a summary of historical geology at Capitol Reef. Perhaps the most detailed description of economic geology in the immediate Capitol Reef area is found in J. Fred Smith et al., Geology of the Capitol Reef Area, Wayne and Garfield Counties, Utah, Geological Survey Professional Paper 363 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1963), 7, 62-83. The first detailed geologic descriptions of the area are found in G. K. Gilbert, Report on the Geology of the Henry Mountains (U.S. Geographical and Geological Survey of the Rocky Mountains, 1877) and Clarence E. Dutton, Geology of the High Plains of Utah (U.S. Geographical and Geological Survey of the Rocky Mountains, 1880). These were followed by B. S. Butler et al., The Ore Deposits of Utah, U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 111 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1920), 632-633; Herbert E. Gregory and Raymond C. Moore, The Kaiparowits Region: A Geographic and Geologic Reconnaissance of Parts of Utah and Arizona, U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 164 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1931); and Charles B. Hunt, Geology and Geography of the Henry Mountains Region, Utah, U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 228 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1953). General histories of mining in the Waterpocket Fold area include Snow, Rainbow Views, 92-95 and 366-372 and Crampton, Standing Up Country, 120-147.
4 Gregory and Moore, The Kaiparowits Region, 147.
5 Patrick O'Bannon, "Capitol Reef National Park: A Historic Resources Study," June 1992, prepared under contract for National Park Service, Rocky Mountain Region, 5.
6 Crampton, Standing Up Country, 125.
8 Ibid., Gregory and Moore, The Kaiparowits Region, 147-148.
10 Hunt, Geology and Geography of the Henry Mountains, 18.
11 The story of Stanton's dredge is best told in Crampton, Standing Up Country, 138-144; also see Hunt, 18, and Gregory and Moore, 147-148.
12 B. S. Butler and others, The Ore Deposits of Utah, 632.
13 J. Fred Smith, Jr. and others, Geology of the Capitol Reef Area, 82.
14 Lenard Brown, Historical Survey and Base Map (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Interior, National Park Service, Division of History, 30 June 1969), 9-12, gives a very detailed account of how the lime kilns were used.
15 Bradford J. Frye, "The Boulder-Bullfrog Road: A History," 29 March 1992, draft prepared for National Park Service, Rocky Mountain Region, 6-7. Also see George H. Hansen and H. C. Scoville, Drilling Records for Oil and Gas in Utah, Utah Geological and Mineralogical Survey Bulletin 50 (Salt Lake City: College of Mines and Mineral Industries, University of Utah, February 1955), 36-37.
16 Hansen and Scoville, Drilling Records, 108-109.
17 Hunt, Geology and Geography of the Henry Mountains, 20.
18 Lenard Brown, Historical Survey and Base Map, 13-15. Brown's is the most comprehensive examination of the history of the Oyler Mine, which has been nominated several times for the National Historic Register. Other sources are Charles Kelly, "History of Uranium Mining in Capitol Reef National Monument," December 1953, Charles Kelly Unpublished Writings, Capitol Reef Unprocessed Archives, 1-2; and O'Bannon, "Capitol Reef National Park," 27-33.
19 See Philip B. Mudgett and Jarvis R. Klem, Bureau of Land Management Mineral Report, 13 February 1962, L1425-Utah 51-74, Capitol Reef Historic Superintendent's Files, 4-5.
20 Kelly to Zion Superintendent, 31 January 1949, File 630 Part 2, Accession 79-60A-354, Box 2, Records of the National Park Service, Record Group 79 (RG 79), National Archives - Rocky Mountain Region, Denver, Colorado (all RG 79 references are from NA-Denver unless otherwise noted).
21 Kelly to Zion Superintendent, 29 July 1951, File 801-03, Ibid.
22 John Adams, District Forest Ranger, Dixie National Forest, to Forest Supervisor, 22 February 1971, U.S. Forest Service, Dixie National Forest Historic Files, Folder 1680 - Mining, Utah State Historical Society Archives, Salt Lake City, Utah.
23 See Smith et al., Geology of Capitol Reef Area, 78-82, for an excellent scientific explanation of how uranium is formed and where it could be found in the area.
26 Preston Patraw, "Proposed Wayne Wonderland (Capitol Reef) National Monument," 3 August 1935, Box 1, Folder 2, Capitol Reef National Park Archives.
27 Brown, Capitol Reef History Survey, 19.
28 Ibid., 20; "Development Outline," 1943, File 600-02, Accession 79-60A-354, Container 63180, Box 2, RG 79, 5-7.
29 Raye C. Ringholz, Uranium Frenzy: Boom and Bust on the Colorado Plateau (New York: Norton and Company, 1989), 29. Unfortunately, there is really no good comprehensive history of the uranium boom in south-central Utah. Ringholz provides some good background information but concentrates mostly on colorful personalities such as Charlie Steen of Mi Vida fame, and Vern Pick of the Delta Mine near Hanksville. She makes no mention of the uranium mining at Capitol Reef -- which is not too surprising since so little was found. To the best of the author's knowledge, there is no detailed account of uranium mining anywhere in the Waterpocket Fold country, other than the Oyler Mine accounts by Brown and O'Bannon.
30 Brown, Capitol Reef Historical Survey, 20-21.
32 "Superintendent's Monthly Narrative Report" (hereafter referred to as Monthly Report), May 1950, Box 4, Folder 3, Capitol Reef National Park Archives.
33 Monthly Reports, July-September, 1950, Ibid.
35 Gordon Dean to Oscar L. Chapman, 19 February 1951, in Brown, Capitol Reef Historical Survey, 23.
37 Ibid., 26-27; Monthly Report, June and September 1952, Box 4, Folder 3, Capitol Reef National Park Archives.
38 Monthly Report, February 1953, Ibid.
41 Ringholz, Uranium Frenzy, 153.
42 Monthly Report, February 1954.
43 Frye, "History of Boulder-Bullfrog Road," 10-14.
44 Monthly Report, February 1954; Snow, ed., Rainbow Views, 367-369; Ringholz, Uranium Frenzy.
45 Monthly Reports, February-July 1954.
47 Monthly Report, October 1955; also see Brown, Capitol Reef Historical Survey, 29.
48 Brown, 29; Monthly Reports, May-June 1955.
49 Monthly Report, June 1955; Brown, 30.
50 Phillip B. Mudgett and Jarvis R. Klem, Bureau of Land Management Mineral Report, 13 February 1962, L 1425 - Utah 51-74, Capitol Reef Historic Superintendent's Files, 5.
53 Brown, 35. See park photo collection, Capitol Reef Unprocessed Archives, for examples of restorations near Twin Rocks and Whiskey Flats. The uranium market was saturated at this time and the AEC was not nearly as supportive of new claims as it had once been - see Ringholz, Uranium Frenzy, 206.
54 Kelly, interview with Lenard Brown, 26 May 1969, reel to reel tape and transcript, Capitol Reef National Park Archives.
55 John Burghart, Mining Examiner Technician, to Chief, Mineral Resources Section, 8 August 1989, File L3023, Capitol Reef Historic Superintendent's Files.
56 Ringholz, Uranium Frenzy, 207-210.
57 All the mining claims for Garfield and Wayne Counties for this period are located in the mineral plat books found in the respective county clerk's offices in Panguitch and Loa. For claims within Capitol Reef, see the L3023 files in the Capitol Reef Historic Superintendent's Files.
58 United States v. La Fortuna Uranium Mine, Inc. Secretary of the Interior Decision A-29852, 4 May 1964, copy in File L3023-1967-76, Capitol Reef Historic Superintendent's Files.
59 Monthly Report, April 1967, Box 4, Folder 9, Capitol Reef National Park Archives.
60 Log of Significant Events (which had replaced the Monthly Narrative Reports), September and November 1967, Box 4, Folder 9, Capitol Reef National Park Archives. The value of the property was placed at $110. All specific memoranda of this case are listed in Robert Heyder, Superintendent to Regional Solicitor, 2 February 1968, File L3023-1967-76, Capitol Reef Historic Superintendent's Files. Attempts were later made in 1968 and 1977 to claim the area to mine, once again. These attempts were summarily rejected. See File L3023-1967-76.
61 Most of this work took place in October 1971 according to Log of Significant Events, October, 1971, File H1415, Accession 79-73A-136, Container 790697, Box 3, RG 79.
62 See Chapters 10-11, for details on this expansion.
63 R. D. Nielson, State Director Bureau of Land Management, to National Park Service Regional Director, 20 February 1969, Box 2, Folder 5, Capitol Reef National Park Archives. These figures, while later revised, were used over and over again during the congressional hearings over the monument expansion and park creation.
The best summary of mining concerns during the early 1970s within Capitol Reef National Park is found in "Proposed Wilderness, Capitol Reef National Park, Utah," Department of the Interior, Draft Environmental Statement, Prepared by National Park Service, Denver Service Center, June 1974, DES 74 -73, 43-73.
64 Presidential Proclamation, "Enlarging The Capitol Reef National Monument, Proclamation 3888," Federal Register 34, No. 14, 22 January 1969, 907.
65 The frustration over the inability to control leases on state lands is evident in the correspondence. See, for example, Assistant Superintendent, Canyonlands National Park, to Superintendent, Canyonlands 29 October 1969, File L3023-1967-76, Capitol Reef Historic Superintendent's Files. Also see Chapter 6 for more details on state-owned land concerns.
66 The frustration over the inability to monitor the new monument lands is described in William F. Wallace, Superintendent, to Regional Director, 5 February 1970, File 6435A, Accession 79-76A-1229, Container 45183, Box 2, RG 79. Reference to the boundary signs is found in "Log of Significant Events," January 1970, File H1415, Accession 79-73A-136, Container 790697, Box 3, RG 79.
67 See Legislative Data records in Capitol Reef National Park Archives or in the footnotes and bibliography of Chapter 11.
68 Fred J. Smith, Jr. et al., Geology of the Capitol Reef Region, 67-68.
69 All information taken from various memoranda and letters found in File L3023-Tappan Claims, Capitol Reef Historic Superintendent's Files. The foundations of several buildings are still visible in North Coleman Canyon.
70 Speed to Tappan, 2 December 1971, Ibid.
71 Speed to Superintendent, 26 July 1972, Ibid.
72 Assistant Director, Park Operations to Director, Midwest Region, 27 July 1972, Ibid.
73 "Examination of Validity," 28 April 1972, Ibid.
74 Interior Board of Land Appeals Decision 75-288, 5 May 1975, 25 IBLA 2.
75 See File L3023 - Tappan Claims, Capitol Reef Historic Superintendent's Files and Evangeline Tappan Godby, interview with George Davidson, 1 September 1981, Capitol Reef National Park Archives.
76 E. S. Davidson, Geology of the Circle Cliffs, 72. Davidson also goes into detail as the type of mine shafts and quality of ore found in the Rainy Day and other prospects in the immediate area.
77 Author's investigation while assisting the John Milner Associates, Inc. Historic Resource Study, November 1991.
78 "Proposed Wilderness," Draft Environmental Assessment, June 1974, 73.
79 Ellingson to Superintendent Wallace, 26 September 1972, L2423 - U.S. v. Jackson, Capitol Reef Historic Superintendent's Files.
80 Lynn Thompson, Regional Director, to Representative Dan Marriott, 13 January 1978, Ibid.
81 Derek Hambly, Superintendent, to Leo Jackson and others, 4 January 1979, Ibid.
82 Administrative Decision, IBLA 79-51, ?.
83 Decision, Bureau of Land Management, 18 July 1986, copy found in File L2423.
84 David B. Shaver, Chief Mining and Minerals Branch, Land Resources Division, to Regional Director, Rocky Mountain Region, 25 October 1993, File L3023 (661), Capitol Reef Superintendent's Files.
85 The problems between Clair Bird and Capitol Reef managers could almost occupy a separate chapter in this administrative history. Information specific to the mining conflict will be examined here. The problems pertaining to the state section will be addressed in Chapter 6 - State Lands, and discussion of the Capitol Reef Lodge conflicts can be found in Chapter 3 - Historic Fruita Management.
86 The multiple uses of ripple rock in Fruita and throughout the headquarters area is discussed by O'Bannon, "Capitol Reef National Park: A Historic Resource Study" and Cathy Gilbert and Kathleen McKoy, "Rural Cultural Landscape Report: A Rural Historic District, Capitol Reef National Park," draft prepared for National Park Service, Rocky Mountain Region, July 1993. The use of Inglesby's fence for NPS signs was reported in a 1992 interview with Capitol Reef maintenance employee Eugene Blackburn.
87 Some of the Bird conflicts are also reviewed in Chapters 5-7. Some background information was provided Robert Heyder, former Capitol Reef Superintendent, in an interview with Bradford Frye, 1 November 1993, tape in Administrative History files and notes. According to several local residents who have worked at Capitol Reef, Bird intensely disliked Superintendent William (Franklin) Wallace. According to these sources, Bird went into the mining business primarily to upset Wallace.
88 Possible reasons why the State of Utah agreed to the lease in the first place are mentioned in the "State Lands" discussion in Chapter 6.
89 Nathaniel Reed, Assistant Secretary of the Interior, to Patrick Noonan, President, The Nature Conservancy, 17 October 1974, L1429-Bird 75-80, Capitol Reef Historic Superintendent's Files; Salt Lake Tribune 10 July 1971.
90 The (Salt Lake City) Deseret News, 27 April 1971. See Capitol Reef photo collection, Capitol Reef Unprocessed Archives, for photographs documenting the access road and mining operations.
91 Message Memo, John Lahr, NPS Reality Specialist to Lowell Johnson, 12 December 1970, L1425 - Utah 51-74, File L1429-Bird 75-80.
92 Reed to Noonan, 17 October 1974.
93 Salt Lake Tribune, 26 May 1971.
96 Salt Lake Tribune, 16 July 1971.
97 United States v. Clair Bird, et al., USDC - Utah C-153-71, summary found in Regional Director to NPS Director, 20 February 1975, L1429 - Bird 75-80, Capitol Reef Historic Superintendent's Files. This is the same Judge Ritter who later summarily ruled against Capitol Reef for fining rancher Jack King for blasting a stock trail on Oak Creek in 1977.
100 Thompson to Bird, 17 July 1975, File L1425-Utah 51-74.
101 See David Jones, Chief, Mining and Mineral Division, to Regional Director, 9 May 1978, Ibid., for a detailed discussion of Bird's problems trying to find a buyer.
102 Dave Clemens, "Little Man Bucks Bureaucracy in National Park," The Riverside (California) Press, 19 October 1975.
103 Bird to Sherman Swensen, Chief, Division of Land Acquisition, 10 December 1975; and Bird to Wallace, 26 August 1976, File L1425 - Utah 51-74. Also see Solicitor to Assistant Solicitor, 27 January 1977, Ibid., for a summary of events during this period.
104 Whalen to Senator Jackson, 16 November 1977, L1429 - Bird 75-80, Capitol Reef Historic Superintendent's Files.
105 Jones to Regional Director, 9 May 1978. The royalty payments after NPS acquisition were listed as $12.50 in July 1975 and $31.50 in August 1975. This meant that a total of 56 tons of rock were mined in six and a half years. The amount of rock quarried in 1971 is not known, but it could not have been much more than the 20 tons reported earlier.
For more information on the final disposition of Bird's properties, see documents related to U.S. v. Clair Bird, et al., USDC C-78-16, partial copies in L1429 - Bird 75-80, Ibid. According to the Master Deed Listing for Capitol Reef, 31 March 1993, the final cost of purchasing all of Clair Birds assets at Capitol Reef totaled $429,700.
106 Information for this section was taken primarily from Phillip S. Barnett, "The Mining in the Parks Act: Theory and Practice," in Our Common Lands, Defending the National Parks, ed. David J. Simon (Washington, D.C.: Island Press, 1988), 415-424 and Charles F. Wilkinson, Crossing the Next Meridian: Land, Water, and the Future of the West (Washington, D.C.: Island Press, 1992), 43-74. Also see 36 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) part 9 for regulations on mining in the national parks.
108 Ibid., 46-50; Barnett, 416.
109 P.L. 94-429, U.S. Statutes at Large, 90 (1976):1342-1344.
111 Ibid., 418-419; 36 CFR 9.4 - 9.13; U.S Statutes, 90 (1976): 1343-44.
112 See Barnett, 418-422, for a good evaluation of this act.
113 "General Management Plan, Final Impact Statement, Capitol Reef National Park Utah," October 1982, Doc. 158-83-07, National Park Service Technical Information Center, Denver, Colorado, 4.
114 Mining Threats Questionnaire, 20 June 1986, L3023 - Gen. Correspondence 80-82, Capitol Reef Historic Superintendent's Files.
115 Ibid.; Legislative Support Data, 24 April 1970, File D18-PD, Accession 79-73A-136, Container 790697, Box 3, RG 79.
116 1986 Mining Threats Questionnaire; Norm Henderson, Resource Management Specialist, to Terri Martin, National Parks and Conservation Association, 14 May 1984, L3023 - Gen. Correspondence 80-82, Capitol Reef Historic Superintendent's Files. See Chapter 6 for more information on oil and gas leases on state owned land within the park.
117 R. D. Nielson, State Director Bureau of Land Management, to National Park Service Regional Director, 20 February 1969, Box 2, Folder 5, Capitol Reef National Park Archives, contains the figures most often used during the park legislation debates.
118 "Proposed Wilderness, Capitol Reef National Park, Utah," June 1974, Draft Environmental Statement prepared by National Park Service, Denver Service Center, 43-73, is a useful summary of past and potential economic geology in the Waterpocket Fold country. While this draft was never formally accepted, the information is still extremely useful and very readable. Also see State of Utah, Department of Natural Resources Memorandum regarding oil and gas possibilities in park wilderness proposals (n.d.), Box 2, Folder 7, Capitol Reef National Park Archives, and testimony and statements related to 1969 monument expansion, Box 2, Folder 6, Capitol Reef National Park Archives.
119 "Proposed Wilderness," 47, 50.
120 All information on the Trans Delta portion of this case was found in File L3023-Trans Delta '73, Capitol Reef Historic Superintendent's Files.
121 Chronology, Application of Drilling, (n.d), and James Isenogle, Acting Assistant to the Regional Director, Utah, to Regional Director, Midwest Region, 22 January 1974, L3023-Delta '73, Capitol Reef Historic Superintendent's Files.
123 Isenogle to Regional Director, 22 January 1974, and Regional Director Voltz to Superintendent, Glen Canyon, 12 November 1973, Ibid. Special-use permit #67404004 issued for road construction to Trans Delta Oil and Gas Company is found in the same file.
124 Isenogle to Regional Director, 22 January 1974.
125 June Viavant, Ruth Frear, and the Sierra Club v. Trans-Delta Oil and Gas Company et al., Civil No. C-367-73, USDC - Utah. Portions of the docket are found in L3023-Trans-Delta Oil and Gas, Historic Superintendent's Files.
126 Because of the suspension of permits during Glen Canyon's mineral evaluation process, the termination date of the leases was delayed, as well.
127 R. George Silvola, Viking Exploration, Inc. to Superintendent Derek Hambly, 23 September 1982, L2427 70-82, Capitol Reef Historic Superintendent's Files.
128 Hambly to Regional Director, 30 September 1982, Ibid. See Chapter 17 for more information on Project Bold.
131 Superintendent's Annual Report, 1981-1983, Capitol Reef Superintendent's Files. The documents terminating this case have not been found in the superintendent's records or Capitol Reef National Park Archives.
132 See the series of photocopied newspaper articles on the Kaiparowits controversy. These are located in Box 8, Folder 16, Capitol Reef National Park Archives. Also see "Kaiparowits Coal Development and Transportation Study," 1 August 1980, Final Report compiled by Environmental Research and Technology, Inc., Document 158-D-135, National Park Service, Technical Information Center, Denver, Colorado.
133 High Country News, 6 May 1977.
134 Ibid. Also see IPP information packet, 24 February 1975, Resource Management Files, Capitol Reef National Park.
135 Los Angeles Times, 22 May 1977.
136 Ibid.; Deseret News, 2 July 1977; The Wall Street Journal, 20 October 1977.
137 Congressional concern over the impact of Class I designation on proposed southern Utah power plants is addressed in Senator Jake Garn's speech regarding amendments to the Clean Air Act, 94th Cong., 2nd sess., Congressional Record (25 March 1976), 122, pt. 7:8125-8126.
The specific requirements of Class I designation and the 18-day variance are found in House Conference Committee Report 94-564, 95th Cong., 1st sess., Congressional Record (3 August 1977) 123, pt. 21:26610-26611.
138 High Country News, 6 May 1977.
139 P.L. 95-95, U.S. Statutes at Large 91 (1977):732. The specific emission requirements, state permits, and variances which concern Capitol Reef National Park are found on pages 732-738.
141 Salt Lake Tribune, 9 August 1977.
143 Notice of intent to prepare Environmental Impact Report, 8 March 1979, L24 - Encroachments, Capitol Reef Historic Superintendent's Files. Also see Message Record, Cordell Roy, Capitol Reef Resource Management Specialist, to Carl Thurgood, BLM Chief of Planning, Richfield District Office, 22 September 1981, File L3023-AMAX Exploration, Capitol Reef Historic Superintendent's Files.
144 High Country News, 31 August 1987. There is a significant and surprising lack of documentation on IPP in the Superintendent's Files and Capitol Reef National Park Archives - especially on the final decisions to terminate the Salt Wash site. These records are perhaps in either the Rocky Mountain Region records or records pertaining to Cecil Andrus's tenure as Secretary of Interior.
146 "Proposed Wilderness," June 1974, 57. This draft has detailed information on exactly where the coal can be found in the park and adjoining areas.
147 Ibid., 62-63. Also see James Isenogle, Assistant to the Regional Director, Utah to Superintendent, Capitol Reef, 26 August 1975 and accompanying Environmental Services Group, AMAX, Inc. "Henry Mountain Coal Site, Environmental Assessment Report," April 1975, File L24-Encroachments, Capitol Reef Historic Superintendent's Files.
148 "Proposed Wilderness," 62.
149 Nielson to Regional Director, 20 February 1969. The exact location of these prospective coal leases is not known, but since the majority of the coal in the park is in the Wildcat and Swap Mesa area, those are the most likely locations.
150 "Proposed Wilderness," 59.
151 Ogden (Utah) Standard Examiner, 17 July 1974.
152 "Planning Notes," Six County Economic Development District, April 1975, Box 8, Folder 16, Capitol Reef National Park Archives.
153 The Deseret News, 26 July 1976.
155 The author has failed to find any correspondence in park records documenting the resolution of this issue.
156 Message Record, Cordell Roy and Carl Thurgood, 22 September 1981; Deseret News, 30-31 October 1981.
157 "Henry Mountain Unsuitability Report," BLM, Richfield District Office, February 1982, Capitol Reef-Coal File, Resource Management Library.
158 "Unsuitability Study"; Mintzmyer to BLM District Manager, 30 November 1981, File L3023, Capitol Reef Historic Superintendent's Files. Also see Message Record, Cordell Roy to Carl Thurgood, 22 September 1981, for an example of an earlier request for consideration and cooperation.
159 Superintendent's Annual Report, 1983. This is the only reference found mentioning that the AMAX leases had been terminated. There is no record in the Superintendent's Files or park archives regarding how or why the permits were relinquished. The BLM records in Hanksville or Richfield may contain this information.
160 "Wilderness Proposal," June 1974, 51-57, includes a very detailed explanation of where the tar sands are located and the various extraction possibilities.
161 The Deseret News, 15 May 1969.
162 "Briefing Statement," National Park Service, Rocky Mountain Region, 1 March 1983, File L3023-Tar Sands, Capitol Reef Historic Superintendent's Files.
163 Ibid.; Superintendent's Annual Report, 1984.
164 Salt Lake Tribune, 27 November 1984.
165 "Statement for Management, Capitol Reef National Park," October 1989, United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service, 38.
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