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Capitol Reef
Administrative History |
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CHAPTER 14:
FRUITA MANAGEMENT
HISTORY (continued)
REFERENCES
Books And Department Of Interior
Documents
Brown, Lenard E. Capitol Reef Historical Survey and Base Map. Washington, D.C.: Department of the Interior, National Park Service, 30 June 1969.
Davidson, George E. "Cultural Resource Management Plan, Capitol Reef National Park, Utah." 1983.
______. Red Rock Eden. Torrey, Utah: Capitol Reef Natural History Association, 1986.
"Final Environmental Impact Statement, General Management Plan, Statement of Findings: Capitol Reef National Park." 1982.
Gilbert, Cathy A., and. McKoy, Kathleen L. "Cultural Landscape Assessment: Fruita Rural Historic District, Capitol Reef National Park, Torrey, Utah." 1992.
______. "Cultural Landscape Report: Fruita Rural Historic District, Capitol Reef National Park." Draft prepared for National Park Service, Rocky Mountain Region, July 1993.
"Guidelines for Evaluating and Documenting Rural Historic Landscapes." National Register Bulletin #30.
"Guidelines for Evaluating and Documenting Traditional Cultural Properties." National Register Bulletin #38.
"Historic Agricultural Area Management Plan for Capitol Reef National Park." 1979.
"How to Evaluate and Nominate Designed Historic Landscapes." National Register Bulletin #18.
Melnick, Robert Z., Sponn, Daniel, and Saxe, Emma Jane. Cultural Landscapes: Rural Historic Districts in the National Park System. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of the Interior, 1984.
"Natural Resource Management Plan and Finding of No Significant Impact: Capitol Reef National Park." June 1984.
O'Bannon, Patrick W. "Capitol Reef National Park: A Historic Resource Study." Prepared under contract by John Milner Associates, Inc., for the National Park Service, Rocky Mountain Region, June 1992.
"Orchard Management Plan, Capitol Reef National Park." 1988.
'Statement for Management: Capitol Reef National Park." 1984, 1987, 1989.
White, David R. M. "'By Their Fruits Ye Shall Know Them': An Ethnographic Evaluation of Orchard Resources at the Fruita Rural Historic District, Capitol Reef National Park, Utah." Prepared under contract for the National Park Service, Capitol Reef National Park, February 1994.
Newspapers
Deseret News. (Salt Lake City) 4 August 1978, 23 February 1979.
Richfield Reaper. (Richfield, Utah) 4 March 1971, 29 September 1977.
Salt Lake Tribune. 5 June 1966, 25 February 1971, 16 June 1971.
Archives
National Archives - Rocky Mountain Region, Denver, Colorado
Record Group 79: Records of the National Park Service Accessions:
79-60A-354
79-67A-337
79-65A-580
79-67A-505
Capitol Reef National Park, Torrey, Utah:
Active Superintendent's Files
Historic Superintendent's Files
Capitol Reef National Park Archives
Resource Management Files
Technical Information Services, National Park Service, Denver Service Center, Denver, Colorado.
Park #158 - Capitol Reef National Park Maps and Documents.
Western History Collection, Denver Public Library, Denver, Colorado.
Wilderness Society Papers.
Interviews
Gilbert, Cathy A. (Historical Landscape Architect, National Park Service, Pacific West Region) Telephone interview with Bradford Frye. 28 July 1994.
Jackson, Kent. (Lead Orchard Worker, Capitol Reef National Park) Telephone interview with Bradford Frye. 11 August 1994.
Lundy, Charles V. (Superintendent, Capitol Reef National Park) Telephone interview with Bradford Frye. Tape recording, 28 July 1994. Capitol Reef National Park Unprocessed Archives.
FOOTNOTES
1 Allen to National Park Service Director, 15 July 1931, File CR-100, Accession 79-60A-354, Container 63179, Box 1, Records of the National Park Service, Record Group 79 (RG 79), National Archives-Rocky Mountain Region, Denver, Colorado. All National Archive RG 79 records are found in this repository unless otherwise noted.
2 Toll to National Park Service Director, 8 November 1932, Box 1, Folder 1, Capitol Reef National Park Archives, Visitor Center Library, Fruita, Utah (hereafter referred to as Capitol Reef National Park Archives).
3 Toll to Director, 13 April 1934, Box 1, Folder 2, Capitol Reef National Park Archives, gives a detailed listing and analysis of the 1933 Utah State Legislature resolution. Also see Chapter 8 for more information on the various boundary proposals.
4 Toll to Director, 13 April 1934, 4-5.
5 Patraw, "Proposed Wayne Wonderland (Capitol Reef) National Monument," Box 1, Folder 2-4, Capitol Reef National Park Archives, 2.
8 See Patraw to Kittredge, 12 August 1937; Kittredge to Patraw, 28 September 1937; and Kittredge to Pectol, 4 October 1937, File 201, Accession 79-60A-354, Container 63179, Box 1, RG 79.
9 Kittredge to Pectol, 4 October 1937.
10 Patraw to Kittredge, 12 August 1937; Kittredge to Patraw, 28 September 1937.
11 Cathy A. Gilbert and Kathleen L. McKoy, "Cultural Landscape Report: Fruita Rural Historic District, Capitol Reef National Park," draft prepared for National Park Service, Rocky Mountain Region, Cultural Resources Division, July 1993, 3-7; Patrick W. O'Bannon, "Capitol Reef National Park: A Historic Resource Study," prepared under contract for National Park Service, Rocky Mountain Region, February 1992, 63-64. Also see Chapter 5.
12 Drawing Nm CR 2004A, Drawer 9, Folder 1, Capitol Reef National Park Archives. Since applicable water rights had not yet been acquired by the National Park Service, the ranger station, originally designed as a residence, was uninhabitable for many years.
13 "Development Outline for Capitol Reef National Monument," 1 March 1938, File CR-600-01, Accession 79-60A-354, Container 63180, Box 2,RG 79, 1.
14 "Development Outline for Capitol Reef National Monument," January, 1943, Ibid, 9.
15 See Chapters 5 and 13 for more detailed information on the Alma Chesnut purchase.
16 "Master Plan Development Outline, Capitol Reef National Monument," January, 1949, File CR-600-01, Accession 79-60A-354, Container 63180, Box 2, File CR-600-01, RG 79, 4.
18 Both the 1949 and 1953 master plan development outlines discuss these kind of visitors.
19 1943 Development Outline, 10.
20 1949 Development Outline, 21.
21 Smith to Regional Director, 17 March and 3 May 1950, File CR-600-01, Accession 79-60A-354, Container 63180, Box 2, File CR-600-01, RG 79.
22 Smith to Regional Director, 3 May 1950.
24 Smith to Regional Director, 1 December 1948, File 610, Ibid.
26 Preston P. Patraw, Office Memorandum, 9 September 1948, File 600-01, Ibid.
27 Hugh G. Miller, Regional Director, to Files, 30 July 1956, File D30, Accession 79-67A-337, Container 919498, Box 1, RG 79.
28 "Master Plan Development Outline, Capitol Reef National Monument, Utah," December 1953, File D18, Accession 79-67A-337, Container 919498, Box 1, RG 79, Operations Prospectus, 3.
29 "Mission 66 for the National Park System," (National Park Service publication, January 1956), Wilderness Society Papers, Box 500, Folder 10, Western History Collection, Denver Public Library, Denver, 111.
30 Franke to Director, 11 April 1955, File D30, Accession 79-60A-337, Container 919498, Box 1, RG 79.
31 Miller to Franke, 6 May 1955, File L1415, Ibid.
32 Ibid. A revised boundary proposal that dealt with the west side concerns with the highway was then under consideration - see Chapter 9.
33 No one specified what traits would characterize a "typical Mormon village," and there probably were no references available to guide such a determination. Miller, Franke, and Kelly were basing their opinions on their own implicit, intuitive impressions and experiences. The National Historic Preservation Act, which established the National Register of Historic Places, was not passed until 1966, and historic districts were not designated until the 1970s. The value of cultural landscapes as historic resources was not recognized until the beginning of the 1980s.
34 Franke to Kelly, 13 May 1955, File L1415, Accession 79, 67A-337, Container 919498, Box 1, RG 79.
35 Kelly to Franke, 24 May 1955, Ibid.
36 Kelly was in the midst of a long-standing dispute with Krueger over public access to Hickman Bridge through Krueger's orchards.
37 Kelly to Franke, 24 May 1956.
38 Franke to Miller, 10 June 1955, Ibid.
41 Franke to Miller, 10 June 1955.
42 Robert G. Hall, Acting Chief, Western Office Division of Design and Construction, to National Park Service Director, 9 August 1955, File A9815, Ibid.
43 Chester A. Thomas, Acting Superintendent, Zion and Bryce Canyons, to Regional Director, 3 May 1956, Ibid. This memorandum refers to correspondence from the director regarding the Fruita issue. Copies of that correspondence has not been located. A memorandum from Director Wirth to Superintendent Franke, 23 January 1956, accepts the Capitol Reef Mission 66 Prospectus, pending a separate report justifying boundary revisions that did not involve Fruita. In that memorandum, Wirth wrote, "We favor high priority for acquisition of lands for all development areas." Director Wirth also believed that the costs of development were underestimated.
46 Mission 66 and Master Plan Drawings, Drawer 9, Folders 2-5, Capitol Reef National Park Archives, include some of the proposals.
47 "Mission 66 Prospectus, Capitol Reef National Monument, Utah," 17 April 1956, File A9815, Accession 79-67A-337, Container 919498, Box 1, RG 79, 19.
52 As of February 1, 1960, Capitol Reef National Monument was no longer under the Zion National Park Superintendent's supervision. Except for 1969-72, when the Southern Utah Group general superintendent in Cedar City supervised operations, after 1960 Capitol Reef managers would report directly to the regional director.
53 "Master Plan for the Preservation and Use of Capitol Reef National Monument - Utah," Design Analysis, Headquarters Vicinity, prepared by Ronald N. Mortimore, Landscape Architect, November 1959, File D18, Accession 79-65A-580, Container SB202684, Box 1, File D18, RG 79, 4.
55 Drawing NM-CR 3005, November 1959, part of 1959 Master Plan drawings, Drawer 9, Folder 2, Capitol Reef National Park Archives.
56 "Master Plan Narrative, Capitol Reef National Monument," Draft, 27 July 1961, File D18, Accession 79-67A-505, Container 342490, Box 1, RG 79, 2.
58 1961 Master Plan Narrative, Draft (n.d.), Box 3, Folder 1, Capitol Reef National Park Archives, 5.
59 Drawing NM-CR 2301-I, August 1962, National Park Service, Denver Service Center Technical Information Center, Denver, Colorado (hereafter referred to as TIC).
60 "Master Plan for the Preservation and Use of Capitol Reef National Monument, Utah," Design Analysis, Chapter 5, General Development, corresponding drawing NM-CR-3005-D, 5; landscape quote taken from chapter on headquarters development. The location of the original documents is not known. A copy of Chapter 5 can be found in the Administrative History files and notes, Capitol Reef Unprocessed Archives. Other portions of this 1964 Master Plan can be found in notes of Rocky Mountain Regional Historian Kathy McKoy.
61 Ibid., Chapter 5, General Development, 5.
62 "Master Plan of Capitol Reef National Monument," September 1965, Chapter 3, Management Programs Narrative, 5, 14. Location of originals unknown. Copy of this chapter found in Administrative History files and notes.
64 See Chapters 4 and 6 for more information on Clair Bird.
65 Kent Jackson, Orchard Manager, Capitol Reef National Park, telephone interview with Bradford Frye, 11 August 1994; Karl T. Gilbert, General Superintendent, Southern Utah Group, Letter to Editor, Richfield Reaper, 4 March 1971.
66 Special-use permit language quoted in Letter to Editor, Richfield Reaper, 4 March 1971. A copy of this special-use permit has not been found.
68 Jackson, telephone interview, 11 August 1994. Superintendent's Log of Significant Events, October 1967, Box 4, Folder 9, Capitol Reef National Park Archives, mentions a meeting between Jackson and Superintendent Robert C. Heyder in which Jackson claims that he lost money during the previous year; also see Salt Lake Tribune, 25 February 1971.
69 Log of Significant Events, October 1968.
70 Jackson, telephone interview.
71 Salt Lake Tribune, 25 February 1971. Kent Jackson maintained that his father was continually frustrated with Capitol Reef Management - especially with Superintendent Wallace. The fact that he (Kent) was in college at the time and Worthen was over 60 years old may also have played a factor in his quitting (Jackson, telephone interview with Bradford Frye, 11 August 1994).
From 1969 to 1971, Capitol Reef National Park was under the jurisdiction of the Southern Utah Group, headquartered in Cedar City, so monthly logs of events were either abbreviated or not kept up. An official record of orchards operations during these years has not been found in National Park Service archives. A notebook kept by Worthen Jackson detailing some his orchard management practices was saved from the 1986 flood by his son, Kent, and rehabilitated by the National Park Service Regional Curator's office in 1993. This notebook is in the Capitol Reef Unprocessed Archives.
72 Richfield Reaper, March 4, 1971.
73 Salt Lake Tribune, 16 June 1971. The exact terms of this special-use permit are not known.
74 Kent Jackson, telephone interview. Capitol Reef personnel files and assistance from retired Capitol Reef maintenance worker Colleen Shelley helped establish dates and crop responsibilities for the period of the early 1970s. Also see David R. M. White, " 'By Their Fruits Ye Shall Know Them': An Ethnographic Evaluation of Orchard Resources at the Fruita Rural Historic District, Capitol Reef National Park, Utah," prepared under contract for National Park Service, Capitol Reef National Park, February 1994, 46.
75 Kent Jackson, telephone interview with Bradford Frye, 11 August 1994; Capitol Reef personnel records.
76 Jackson, telephone interview.
77 Superintendent's Monthly Reports, February-October 1966, Box 4, Folder 8, Capitol Reef National Park Archives; Salt Lake Tribune, 5 June 1966. The schoolhouse was officially listed on the National Register on 23 February 1972.
78 See Gilbert and McKoy, "Cultural Landscape Report," 3-18 - 3-19.
79 See Hoddenbach's notes in Box 5, Folders 9A-D, Capitol Reef National Park Archives.
80 "Cultural Resources Management Plan: Fruita Living Community Management Plan," Draft, 10 November 1975, Box 5, Folder 9A, Capitol Reef National Park Archives, 1-2.
83 "National Register of Historic Places Inventory - Nomination Form," 9 September 1977, prepared by Barbara Wyatt, C/O Rodd Wheaton, Rocky Mountain Regional Office, Box 6, Folder 5, Capitol Reef National Park Archives.
86 The Richfield Reaper, 29 September 1977.
87 White, "By Their Fruits Ye Shall Know Them," contains excellent quotes from local residents on how they believed Fruita should be managed.
88 The (Salt Lake City) Deseret News, 4 August 1978.
89 Superintendent's Annual Report, 1977, Capitol Reef Superintendent's Files, 8; Kent Jackson, telephone interview with Bradford Frye, 11 August 1994. This peach and apricot orchard is now a grassy field named Hattie's Field.
90 "Historic Agricultural Area Management Plan for Capitol Reef National Park," February 1979, prepared by Superintendent Hambly and approved by Deputy Regional Director James B. Thompson, File D18, Capitol Reef Historic Superintendent's Files; The Deseret News, 23 February 1979. In other ways, this plan was very similar to the 1977 proposal. See Chapter 7 for more details on the various orchard management plans.
91 See White, "By Their Fruits Ye Shall Know Them."
92 "Final Environmental Impact Statement, General Management Plan, Statement of Findings," October 1992, Capitol Reef Superintendent's Files, 20-21, 106-107. These nominations, dated 1977, are found in Box 6, Folder 5, Capitol Reef National Park Archives. According to the October 1989 Statement for Management, the nominations were returned in 1982 because of "deficiencies in preparation" rather than lack of resource merit.
96 "Natural Resource Management Plan and Finding of No Significant Impact," June 1984, Capitol Reef Resource Management Files.
97 Davidson's Red Rock Eden (Torrey: Capitol Reef Natural History Association, 1986) is a good reference to the historic community of Fruita from settlement to early National Park Service presence in the area.
98 "Cultural Resource Management Plan, Capitol Reef National Park, Utah," 1983, Capitol Reef Superintendent's Files.
101 1988 Orchard Management Plan, 5.
102 A copy of this scope of work is found in the Cultural Resource Management Files, Resource Management Division, Capitol Reef National Park (hereafter referred to as Capitol Reef CR Files).
National Register Bulletin 30, "Guidelines for Evaluating and Documenting Rural Historic Landscapes," is the most applicable bulletin. While this document will not be examined here, it is recommended reading for anyone interested in knowing how Fruita's historical integrity was evaluated.
104 Richard T. Kelly, Regional Contracting Officer, to John Milner Associates, 28 September 1990, Capitol Reef CR Files.
105 Schene to O'Bannon, 29 October 1990, Ibid.
106 See Historic Resource Study reviews and related correspondence among Capitol Reef, the Rocky Mountain Regional Office, and O'Bannon, March 1991 to June 1992, Capitol Reef CR Files.
107 In a telephone interview, Cathy Gilbert (National Park Service Landscape Architect, Pacific West Region), on July 28, 1994 stated that O'Bannon's perspective was not flawed - only a difference of opinion. She believed that he continued to look at Fruita in terms of the actual remaining structures rather than as a historic agricultural landscape and its more flexible emphasis on spatial patterns.
108 Patrick W. O'Bannon, "Capitol Reef National Park: Survey Report," prepared under contract for National Park Service, Rocky Mountain Region, June 1992, 2.
109 Ibid., Summary of Results.
110 See Lee Kreutzer to Files, 5 February 1993 for a summary of correspondence, Capitol Reef CR Files. These reports have never been officially accepted or approved by the regional office.
111 See correspondence regarding draft reviews, Capitol Reef CR Files; Charles V. Lundy, Superintendent, telephone interview with Bradford Frye, 28 July, 1994, Capitol Reef Unprocessed Archives.
112 Gilbert, telephone interview with Bradford Frye, 28 July 1994.
113 Kathy McKoy (formerly McCraney), Trip Report, July 30, 1992, Capitol Reef CR Files.
115 Cathy Gilbert and Kathy McKoy, "Cultural Landscape Assessment: Fruita Rural Historic District, Capitol Reef National Park, Torrey, Utah," prepared for National Park Service, Rocky Mountain Region, September 1992, Introduction.
116 Ibid. Also see Gilbert to Chief, Cultural Resources Division, Rocky Mountain Region, 21 September 1992, Capitol Reef CR Files. During preparation of the cultural landscape report, the "mail tree" and Fruita portion of Scenic Drive were "unofficially" evaluated as contributing resources.
117 Lundy to Chief, Division of Cultural Resources, 29 October 1992, and Gilbert, comments on Task Directive, 4 November 1992, Capitol Reef CR Files. Lundy, telephone interview, 28 July 1994.
118 Wilson G. Martin, Deputy State Historic Preservation Officer, to Stanley L. Ponce, Associate Director, Resource Management and Research, Rocky Mountain Region, 24 February 1993, Capitol Reef CR Files.
119 Martin to Ponce, 26 October 1992, Capitol Reef CR Files.
120 Ponce to Peterson, 20 November 1992, and Peterson to Ponce, 28 December 1992, Ibid. Peterson's four-page letter goes into detail about the cultural influences on Fruita.
121 Gilbert, telephone interview with Bradford Frye, 28 July 1994.
122 Cathy Gilbert and Kathleen McKoy, "Cultural Landscape Report: Fruita Rural Historic District, Capitol Reef National Park," draft prepared for National Park Service, Rocky Mountain Region, July 1993, 5-1 - 5-2.
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