Canyon de Chelly Administrative History

1. Berger to Dir., June 2, 1958, C de C, A2823.

2. Ibid.

3. Ibid.

4. Berger to Dir., July 3, 1958, ibid.

5. Smith to Reg. Chief of Interpretation, May 28, 1958, DFRC, NPS, C de C.

6. Berger to Dir., June-August, C de C, A2823.

7. Berger to Dir., July 3, 1958, ibid.

8. Ibid.

9. Berger to Reg. Dir., June 11, 1958, C de C, L54.

10. Ibid.

11. Berger to Dir., Aug. 3, 1958, C de C, A2823.

12. Ibid.

13. Berger to Dir., Sept. 2, 1958, ibid.

14. Ibid.

15. Berger to Reg. Forester., Aug. 13, 1958, DFRC, NPS, C de C, Y14.

16. Berger to Dir., Oct. 6, 1958, C de C, A2823.

17. Ibid.

18. Berger to Superv. Landscape Architect, Sept. 2, 1958, DFRC, NPS, C de C, D32.

19. Miller to Reg. Dir., Sept. 11, 1958, DFRC, NPS, C de C, A5427.

20. Ibid.

21. Ibid.

22. Ibid.

23. Ibid.

24. Berger to Reg. Chief of Interpretation, Sept. 21, 1958, DFRC, NPS, C de C, K1815.

25. Berger to Dir., Nov. 3, 1958, C de C, A2823.

26. Ibid.

27. CA, No. 1346.

28. George J. Johnston to Reg. Engineer, Nov. 26, 1958, DFRC, NPS, C de C, A5427.

29. Berger to Reg. Dir., Oct. 15, 1958, DFRC, NPS, C de C, L1417.

30. Berger to Dir., Oct. 30, 1958, C de C, D30.

31. Berger to Dir., Dec. 2, 1958, C de C, A2823; Berger to Dir., Jan. 3, 1959, ibid.

32. Berger to Dir., Dec. 2, 1958, ibid.

33. Miller to Berger, Nov. 3, 1958, DFRC, NPS, C de C, A3815.

34. Scoyen to Reg. Dir., n.d., ibid. Scoyen's concern was apparently aroused by a memorandum dated April 11, 1958, from Ben H. Thompson, chief of the Division of Recreation Resource Planning, to Edmund B. Rogers, special assistant to the Director, requesting historical data on Navajo relations because

35. An interesting assertion with regard to the original headquarters building appears in this report:

The first development at Canyon de Chelly was the construction of an administration-residential building which was completed during 1935. This building was constructed on the site of a Navajo family hogan. Apparently the family moved without incident and have no adverse feeling regarding the National Park Service. In fact, they are particular friends of the Service.

Berger, Guillet, and White, "Review of the Relationship between the National Park Service and the Navajo Tribe," n.d., encl. in Bowen to Dir., n.d. but ca. Nov. 17, 1958, ibid.

36. Bowen to Dir., ca. Nov. 17, 1958, ibid.

37. Ibid.

38. Ibid.

39. Ibid.

40. Ibid.

41. Ibid.

42. Berger to Dir., Jan. 3, 1959, C de C, A2823.

43. Ibid.

44. George G. Downes to Berger, Dec. 15, 1958, DFRC, NPS, C de C, K3823; Berger to Reg. Publ. Dir., Dec. 22, 1958, ibid.

45. Berger to Dir., Jan. 3, 1958, C de C, A2823.

46. Jones to Berger, Nov. 24, 1958, DFRC, NPS, C de C, C3823.

47. Berger to Reg. Dir., Dec. 2, 1958, ibid.

48. Berger to Nelson, Dec. 10, 1958, C de C, C38.

49. Invitation and Prospectus, Jan. 5, 1959, C de C.

50. Ibid.

51. Ibid.

52. Ibid.

53. Ibid.

54. Richard T. Montgomery to Reg. Dir., Jan. 14, 1959, DFRC, NPS, C de C, D5039.

55. Miller to Berger, Feb. 4, 1959, ibid.

56. Harthon L. Bill to Berger, Feb. 9, 1959, ibid.

57. Ibid.

58. Bill to Chief, Mar. 2, 1959, ibid.

59. Bill to Chief, Mar. 3, 1959, ibid.

60. Berger to Dir., Mar. 3, 1959, C de C, A2823.

61. Scoyen to Reg. Dir., Feb. 9, 1959, DFRC, NPS, C de C, A3815.

62. Miller to Dir., Feb. 19, 1950, DFRC, NPS, C de C, A3823.

63. Berger to Grazing Committee, Mar. 25, 1959, C de C, L1425.

64. Ibid.

65. "Relinquishment of Use Rights on Tribal Indian Lands Within Canyon de Chelly National Monument," n.d., enclosure, Bill to Dir.. Sept. 10, 1959, ibid.

66. Berger to Dir., Apr. 1, 1959, C de C, A2823.

67. Arizona Highways, April 1959.

68. Berger to Dir., May 4, 1959, C de C, A2823; Berger to Dir., June 1, 1959, ibid.

69. Rogers to Berger, May 19, 1959, C de C.

70. P. E. Smith to John Anderson, May 26, 1959, DFRC, NPS, C de C, D22; Lewis D. Farr to Berger, May 22, 1959, ibid.

71. Berger to Dir., July 2, 1959, C de C, A2823.

72. Berger to Dir., Aug. 10, 1959, ibid.

73. Acting Reg. Chief of Operations to Chief, July 16, 1959, DFRC, NPS, C de C, D22; Berger to Dir., Aug. 10, 1959, C de C, A2823.

74. Berger to Chief, Western Office for Design and Construction, June 30, 1959, DFRC, NPS, C de C, D5039.

75. Donald L. Bressler to Berger, July 31, 1959, ibid.

76. Berger to Dir., June 5, 1959, DFRC, NPS, C de C, A26.

77. Berger to Dir., Aug. 10, 1959, C de C, A2823.

78. Radcliff to Reg. Chief, July 29, 1959, DFRC, NPS, C de C, A5423.

79. C. Ulf Runfors and Agnes Lagerstedts to Berger, Aug. 25, 1959, DFRC, NPS, C de C, A36.

80. Wade to Berger, Sept. 7, 1959, ibid.

81. Berger to Dir., Oct. 10, 1959, C de C, A2823.

82. Ibid.

83. Berger to Dir., Nov. 3, 1959, ibid.

84. Ibid.

85. Ibid.

86. Bradley to Reg. Chief of Interpretation, Oct. 20, 1959, DFRC, NPS, C de C, A5427.

87. Berger to Dir., Dec. 2, 1959, C de C, A2823.

88. Ibid.

89. Berger to Dir., Jan. 10, 1960, ibid.

90. "Annual Wildlife Report For Canyon de Chelly National Monument, 1959," DFRC, NPS, C de C, N2623.

91. C de C files, Jan. 26, 1960.

92. Berger to Dir., Mar. 2, 1960, C de C, A2823.

93. Berger to Dir., Apr. 5, 1960, ibid.

94. Asst. Reg. Dir. to Dir., Mar. 7, 1960, DFRC, NPS, C de C, C2615.

95. C de C files, Mar. 8, 1960.

96. Berger to Reg. Chief, Mar. 14, 1960, DFRC, NPS, C de C, A88.

97. Berger to Dornan, Mar. 16, 1960, DFRC, NPS, C de C, L3423. Whether the terminology used here by Berger is indicative of his general attitudes toward Navajos is not entirely certain, but it definitely shows a lack of understanding of their religion.

98. Berger to Dir., May 2, 1960, C de C, A2823.

99. C de C files, Apr. 15, 1960.

100. Berger to Dir., June 2, 1960, C de C, A2823.

101. Acting Reg. Dir. to Berger, May 6, 1960, DFRC, NPS, C de C, C3823.

102. C de C files; See Appendix 3.

103. Allen to Berger, May 6, 1960, DFRC, NPS, C de C, D30.

104. Ibid.

105. Berger to Dir., July 8, 1960, C de C, A2823.

106. Dods to Conrad A. Wirth, Dir., NPS, June 29, 1960, DFRC, NPS, C de C, A3615.

107. Ibid.

108. Berger to Dods, July 18, 1960, ibid.

109. Berger to Dir., Oct. 5, 1960, C de C, A2823.

110. Ibid.

111. C de C files, Sept. 13, 1960.

112. Allen to Dir., Sept. 16, 1960, DFRC, NPS, C de C, A5427.

113. Ibid.

114. Ibid.

115. Miller to Reg. Dir., Sept. 26, 1960, ibid.

116. Ibid.

117. Berger to Dir., Nov. 2, 1960, C de C, A2823.

118. Victor H. Nash to Reg. Chief of Operations, Oct. 7, 1960, DFRC, NPS, C de C, A5427.

119. Ibid.

120. Ibid.

121. Miller to Berger, Dec. 2, 1960, DFRC, NPS, C de C, C3823.

122. Ibid.

123. Section 9 of Contract, C de C files, July 26, 1960.

124. Berger to Dir., Dec. 2, 1960, C de C, A2823.

125. Berger to Reg. Dir., Nov. 22, 1960, DFRC, NPS, C de C, W34; Berger to James E. Weinel, Dec. 1, 1960, ibid.

126. Erik K. Reed to Berger, Nov. 30, 1960, DFRC, NPS, C de C, N2623.

127. Berger to Dir., Jan. 2, 1961, C de C, A2823.

128. Berger to Reg. Dir., Dec. 6, 1960, DFRC, NPS, C de C, D30.

129. Berger to Reg. Dir., Dec. 18, 1960, ibid.

130. Berger to Dir., Feb. 2, 1961, C de C, A2823.

131. Ibid.

132. Berger to Reg. Chief of Operations, Jan. 26, 1961, DFRC, NPS, C de C, D5027.

133. Berger to Dir., Feb. 2, 1961, C de C, A2823.

134. Berger to Dir., Apr. 3, 1961, ibid.

135. Berger to Dir., May 2, 1961, ibid.

136. Ibid.

137. Irving M. Terzich, Environmental Health Survey Canyon de Chelly National Monument, Apr. 17, 1961, DFRC, NPS, C de C, D5031.

138. Ibid.

139. Berger to Dir., May 26, 1961, DFRC, NPS, C de C, A26.

140. Berger to Dir., July 3, 1961, C de C, A2823.

141. Donald Pierce to Berger, June 5, 1961, DFRC, NPS, C de C, Y22; Berger to Dir., July 3, 1961, C de C, A2823.

142. Berger to Dir., July 3, 1961, C de C, A2823.

143. Berger to Dir., July 1961, ibid.

144. Erik K. Reed to Chief, July 19, 1961, DFRC, NPS, C de C, D6215.

145. Berger to Dir., August 1961, C de C, A2823.

146. La Font to Senator Hayden, Aug. 31, 1961, DFRC, NPS, C de C, C3823.

147. CA, Sept. 26, 1961, No. 1327.

148. Steen to Reg. Chief, Sept. 29, 1961, DFRC, NPS, C de C, A5427.

149. National Park Service Programs and Schedule of National Park Service Programs, 1961, DFRC, NPS, C de C, K3015.

150. Ralph J. Tangney to Berger, Nov. 30, 1961, ibid.

151. Philip H. Wohlbrandt, Reg. Engineer, to Berger, Feb. 7, 1962, DFRC, NPS, C de C, D5027.

152. Berger to Dir., Mar. 2, 1962, AFRC, NPS, C de C, A2823.

153. Erik K. Reed to Supts., Canyon de Chelly, Capulin Mountain, Tonto, and Walnut Canyon, Mar. 8, 1962, DFRC, NPS, C de C, D6215.

154. Berger to Reg. Dir., Mar. 21, 1962, DFRC, NPS, C de C, D5039, XD46.

155. Berger to Reg. Dir., Apr. 1, 1962, DFRC, NPS, C de C, N2623.

156. Berger to Reg. Dir., May 8, 1962, DFRC, NPS, C de C, D5015.

157. Ibid.

158. Ibid.

159. Navajo Tribal Utility Authority electric service contract, June 6, 1962, ibid.

160. Berger to Dir., July 2, 1962, AFRC, NPS, C de C, A2823.

161. Philip E. Shero to Berger, July 2, 1962, DFRC, NPS, C de C, D5015.

162. Berger to Reg. Dir., July 5, 1962, ibid.

163. George W. Miller to Berger, July 16, 1962, ibid.

164. Land Use Permit, C de C, July 13, 1962.

165. Philip E. Shero to Berger, Nov. 8, 1962, DFRC , NPS, C de C, D5015; Berger to Dir., Dec. 1, 1962, AFRC, NPS, C de C, A2823; Berger to Dir., Jan. 1, 1963, ibid.

166. Berger to Reg. Dir., Nov. 9, 1962, DFRC, NPS, C de C, D5015.

167. Berger to Branch of Soil and Moisture Conservation, Sept. 13, 1962, C de C, D54.

168. Berger to Reg. Dir., Sept. 26, 1962, DFRC, NPS, C de C, A40.

169. Ibid.

170. Ibid.

171. Herbert L. Keller to Subagency Supt., Sept. 14, 1962, ibid.

172. Ibid.

173. Ibid.

174. Ibid.

175. Reg. Dir. to 12 Supts., Dec. 14, 1962, DFRC, NPS, C de C, A6423.

176. Rainey to Berger, June 7, 1962, DFRC, NPS, C de C, A7631.

177. Berger to Exec. Sec., June 25, 1962, DFRC, NPS, C de C, K3015.

178. Jack Slack to Berger, July 5, 1962, ibid.

179. Joseph H. Fraser to Berger, Dec. 17, 1962, DFRC, NPS, C de C, K3019.

180. Berger to Yellowstone Park, Dec. 27, 1962, ibid.

181. Berger to Dir., Sept. 4, 1962, AFRC, NPS, C de C, A2823.

182. Berger to Dir., Aug. 2, 1962, ibid.

183. Berger to Dir., Nov. 1, 1962, ibid.

184. Press release, Canyon de Chelly National Monument, Aug. 22, 1962, DFRC, NPS, C de C, K3415.

185. Ibid.

186. Berger to Chief, Sept. 4, 1962, DFRC, NPS, C de C, D6215; Chief to Berger, Sept. 7, 1962, ibid.

187. Berger to Asst. Dir., Dec. 10, 1962, DFRC, NPS, C de C, D46.

188. Ibid.

189. Danson to De Harport, May 29, 1962, DFRC, NPS, C de C, A90.

190. De Harport to Berger, May 31, 1962, ibid.

191. Erik K. Reed to 10 Supts., June 7, 1962, ibid.

192. Ibid.

193. Reed to De Harport, June 26, 1962, ibid.

194. Bannister to Berger, June 15, 1962, ibid.

195. Berger to Bannister, June 14, 1962, ibid.

196. George W. Miller to Berger, July 18, 1962, ibid.

197. Ibid.

198. Berger to Asst. Reg. Dir., July 24, 1962, ibid.

199. Ibid.

200. De Harport to Berger, July 20, 1962, ibid.

201. De Harport to Berger, July 23, 1962, ibid.

202. De Harport to Berger, July 30, 1962, ibid.

203. Berger to Dir., Aug. 2, 1962, AFRC, NPS, C de C, A2823.

204. Reed to Archeologist Caywood, Aug. 3, 1962, DFRC, NPS, C de C, A90.

205. Schroeder to Miller, Oct. 2, 1962, ibid.

206. Steen to Miller, Dec. 3, 1962, ibid.

207. Thomas J. Williams to Miller, Dec. 5, 1962, ibid.

208. Telephone conversations with De Harport, Aug. 6, 1974, and with Arthur H. White, Edward B. Danson, and Sam Day III, Sept. 5, 1974.

209. Danson to De Harport, Aug. 3, 1962, DFRC, NPS, C de C, A90.

210. De Harport to Miller, Aug. 7, 1962, ibid.

211. Miller to De Harport, Aug. 9, 1962, ibid.

212. De Harport to Berger, Aug. 8, 1962, ibid ; De Harport to Berger, Aug. 20, 1962, ibid.

213. Reed to De Harport, Sept. 6, 1962, ibid.

214. De Harport to Berger, Sept. 10, 1962, ibid.

215. De Harport to Berger, Oct. 15, 1962, ibid.

216. Ibid.

217. Berger to De Harport, Nov. 28, 1962, ibid.

218. De Harport to Berger, Dec. 2, 1962, ibid.

219. Guillet to Dir., Feb. 6, 1963, AFRC, NPS, C de C, A2823.

220. The causes of Berger's troubles with the Navajos are not readily apparent in the documentation. Participants in the events of that period have diverse views regarding the matter. According to one official then in the regional office, Berger was merely caught in the changes brought on by the growing Navajo nationalism of the time. At the other extreme are those who found themselves in opposition to his policies who assert that he had as little as possible to do with the Navajos, that he was afraid of them, and even that he disliked them. In particular he is said to have brought a gun to protect himself from the Indians, to have not ventured out from headquarters any more than absolutely necessary to the extent that after some months at the monument he still did not know where White House Ruins was, and to have handled the refusal of permission to drill a well in such a way as to cause strong ill feelings.