YELLOWSTONE Rules and Regulations 1920

WILD ANIMALS.

Wild elk, deer, and antelope are numerous in the park; and moose, bison, mountain sheep, black, brown, and grizzly hears, wolves, coyotes, mountain lions, and the smaller fur-bearing animals are found.

Bears are seen daily in summer at garbage dumps near all hotels and camps and occasionally elsewhere; but most of the other wild animals live high up in the mountains or in remote parts of the park during the summer, and tourists who see more than occasional deer and coyotes and the antelope which frequent the valley near Gardiner may consider themselves fortunate unless they are willing to take the time to visit their summer habitats. Then, with care, they may see many.

In winter, elk, mule deer and white-tailed deer, antelope, and mountain sheep may be viewed at close quarters along the northern line of the park, and a lover of wild animals would be well repaid for taking a trip to Gardiner and Mammoth Hot Springs to see them.

The following data on the mammals of the park have been collected and prepared for publication by Mr. Vernon Bailey of the Bureau of Biological Survey of the Department of Agriculture.

Order UNGULATA. Cattle, Sheep, Goats, Antelope, and Deer.

Family BOVIDAE: Cattle, Sheep, and Goats.

Bison or Buffalo.—Bison bison bison (Linnæus).—At the present time there are two buffalo herds in the park, known as the tame herd and the wild herd. The tame herd has increased from 20 animals, introduced in 1902, to 414 in October, 1919. During the winter this herd is kept under fence at the buffalo ranch on Lamar River below the mouth of Soda Butte Creek, where the animals are fed on hay. In summer they are driven up the Lamar River, where they spend most of the season in the valley of Calfee Creek. The wild herd is a remnant of the native buffalo of the park which summer in the mountains between Yellowstone Lake and the upper Lamar River and winter in the valley of Pelican Creek. During the summer of 1912, 37 animals were counted in this herd; in 1914, 38; and in the spring of 1917, 67 were reported.

Mountain sheep.—Ovis canadensis canadensis Shaw.— Mountain sheep occupy most of the higher ranges in the Yellowstone Park during summer and come down into the lower valleys and canyons before the deep snows of winter. In 1907, 200 were estimated within the area of the park by the park scouts and about 70 were fed hay along the road between Gardiner and Fort Yellowstone. During the winter of 1910-11 about 60 were counted along this part of the road and 130 were reported on the Buffalo Plateau, near Tower Falls, and on Mount Everts. During the spring of 1916, 46 sheep were counted along the Gardiner River Canyon and on the slopes of Mount Everts; 44 on Specimen Ridge and along the Yellowstone River below the Grand Canyon; 17 on Mount Norris; and a few on Junction Butte and the Buffalo Plateau; but the actual number of individuals was not determined with any degree of accuracy. It is probable that there are not more than 200 sheep in the park at the present time. In winter they are among the tamest of the wild animals, and often allow teams to pass within a few feet, and even pedestrians with cameras to approach within a short distance as they feed on the hay that has been scattered for them along the roads.

[Mountain Goat.—Oreamnos montanus missoulæ Allen.—Mountain goats have been reported from the Teton Mountains and Yellowstone Park, but there is no authentic record of their occurrence nearer to the park than the Bitterroot Mountains in western Montana and the Lost River Mountains in Idaho.]

Family ANTILOCAPRIDAE: Prong-horned Antelope.

Prong-horned Antelope.—Antilocapra americana americana (Ord).— Antelope are still common in the northern part in the open valleys of the Yellowstone, Gardiner, and Lamar Rivers in summer; but with the first heavy snows they drift down into the Gardiner Valley, where they spend the winter between Mount Everts and the fence along the northern line of the park. About 2,000 antelope were estimated in the park herd during the winter of 1910 and 500 during the spring of 1916. In April most of the antelope scatter out over the higher valleys for their summer range, where the young are born and raised, but a few always remain in the Gardiner Valley, where they form one of the interesting features of animal life along the stage road or in the alfalfa patch in front of the town.

Family CERVIDAE: Moose, Elk, and Deer.

Yellowstone Moose.—Alces americanus shirasi, Nelson.—During the summer of 1910 Hon. George Shiras, 3d, estimated the number of moose in the upper Yellowstone Valley at 1,500, basing his estimate on about 300 individuals which he counted and the general abundance of the animal over that part of the park. There are a few along the Lamar River and its tributaries and across the southern part of the park, and they are occasionally seen along its western border. They keep mainly within the forest and thickets, so that their numbers are not easily ascertained, but evidently they are increasing in abundance. They may be seen along almost any of the trails in the southern part of the park, and a day's trip with a boat from the hotel points on Yellowstone Lake may be made into the very heart of the best moose country.

American Elk, or Wapiti.—Cervus canadensis canadensis Erxleben.—At certain times elk occupy the Yellowstone Park in great numbers, but with these gregarious and migratory animals any statement of the actual numbers within the park limits must be modified according to season and conditions. In winter the numbers may run below 10,000 and in summer as high as 30,000. During the spring elk drift back toward the higher mountains, where they spend most of the midsummer near or above timberline. The herds gather into these elevated areas from all directions, but as soon as the snows of autumn begin to fall they start on their annual journey to the lower country, and in a winter of deep snow a great part of the animals leave the park. Large numbers usually winter in the Yellowstone and Gardiner River Valleys, and a few small herds and especially the old bulls remain scattered through many of the middle valleys of the park, where they are able to paw through deep snow for sufficient grass to carry them through the winter. During the tourist season but few elk are seen along the roads, as they are mostly in the high mountains at that time, but some may usually be seen on Mount Washburn or in Sylvan Pass. Side trips may easily be made from the north end of Yellowstone Lake to the summer elk range, and considerable numbers of the animals may be seen in a single day's trip. They may be seen also on the mountains west of Mammoth Hot Springs and on Specimen Ridge. In autumn they are often driven down to the vicinity of the roads by early snows before the park season closes, and during the winter they sometimes congregate in large numbers along the roads from Gardiner to Mammoth Hot Springs, where hay is distributed for them in times of need.

Mule Deer.—Odocoileus hemionus hemionus (Rafinesque).—The mule deer (erroneously called blacktail) are common, and in summer are generally distributed over the park. In winter they drift to the lower levels and several hundred sometimes congregate in the valley along the Gardiner and Yellowstone Rivers. They become very tame around Fort Yellowstone and along the road, where they are fed hay with the other animals during the time of deep snows.

The very large ears and small white tails with black tips and the white rump patches distinguish the mule deer from the small-eared and bushy-tailed white-tail deer.

White-tail Deer.—Odocoileus virginianus macrourus (Rafinesque).—The white-tail deer are comparatively scarce in the park and much more limited in range than the mule deer. There are a considerable number, however, along the Gardiner River and about Yanceys, and in summer a few extend back into the park as far as the north end of Yellowstone Lake. There are also a few in the Snake River Valley at the southern entrance of the park. One hundred individuals have been estimated in the park during the winter when many come down to the feeding grounds for a share of the hay that is being distributed for deer, elk, and sheep. During the summer they hide in the thickets and forest and are not often seen, but in winter they are conspicuous and tame along the roads where they are feeding.

Order RODENTIA: Gnawing Animals.

Family PETAURISTIDAE: Flying Squirrels.

Flying Squirrel.—Glaucomys sabrinus bangsi (Rhoads).—These large flying squirrels are common in all of the forest area surrounding the park and undoubtedly through the park also, although there are but few reports of their occurrence within its limits. They are strictly nocturnal in habits, and, as they glide from tree to tree on their furry membranes with owl-like silence, are rarely observed even where common.

Family SCIURIDAE: Squirrels, Chipmunks, Woodchucks, and Prairie Dogs.

Pine Squirrel.—Sciurus hudsonicus ventorum Allen.—These little reddish brown tree squirrels are abundant throughout all the forest area of the Yellowstone Park and are conspicuous and unafraid in the trees about the hotels and camps and along the roadsides. Their scurry and chatter and scoldings are among the cheerful animal features of the forest.

Yellow-bellied Chipmunk.—Eutamias luteiventris (Allen).—This is the abundant little striped chipmunk seen throughout most of the park along the roads and trails and around the camp sites where they gather scattered grain and crumbs. In places they do some mischief if food and grain are not protected, but nothing of importance compared with the interest and pleasure which they afford the sightseeing public. The absence of cats and dogs from the park allows such little animals to become quite fearless and they can often be studied at close quarters without being nervous or unnatural in their habits.

Large-tailed Chipmunk.—Eutamias umbrinus (Allen).—A few of these larger, bushy-tailed chipmunks have been seen along the Cooke City stage road between Gardiner River bridge and Undine Falls where they live in the edge of the forest and often sit on the rocky walls which support the road grade. They probably occupy other low areas in the northern part of the park, but this seems to be the only place where they have been observed. No specimens were obtained, but the animals were evidently the same as those collected in Montana a little farther west.

Little Sagebrush Chipmunk.—Eutamias consobrinus clarus Bailey.— These little gray chipmunks have been observed in Swan Lake Valley running on the ground among the scattered sagebrush, and specimens collected in 1917 show them to be a gray form of consobrinus, closely resembling pictus of the Great Basin region. They have recently been described under the name here used.

Mantled Ground Squirrel.—Callospermophilus lateralis cinerascens (Merriam).—While these little animals are generally called chipmunks, they are in fact a small ground squirrel with the broad stripes arranged along the sides instead of over the back. They have a heavier build and shorter ears than the chipmunks and in habits are more restricted to the ground or logs and rocks. They are generally distributed over the park region and may be seen along the roadsides, in woods or on rocks, or around camps and hotels, where they become very familiar.

Kennicott Ground Squirrel.—Citellus armatus (Kennicott).—These little, dark gray ground squirrels, or picket-pins, are often erroneously called gophers, but they belong to the squirrel family and live in burrows in the ground in open country. They are abundant all over the valleys of the northern part of the park, along the Yellowstone, Gardiner, Lamar, Slough Creek, and Soda Butte Creek Valleys, and in Hayden Valley and Norris Geyser Basin. Their numbers are legion and their shrill little trill may be heard on all sides as one passes through parks and meadows.

Woodchuck; Golden-mantled Marmot.—Marmota flaviventris nosophora Howell.—The woodchucks rockchucks, or groundhogs, as they are variously called, are among the abundant and interesting small mammals of the park mainly in open or rocky situations. They are rarely found in dense forest, but make their homes among rocks or around old logs and stumps and are usually seen sitting up on guard watching for their numerous enemies. At Mammoth Hot Springs and Yanceys they are especially common and tame, allowing visitors to come within a short distance and often to secure good photographs.

[Black-tailed Prairie Dog.—Cynomys ludovicianus ludovicianus (Ord).— There are no prairie dogs actually within the Yellowstone Park, but an extensive colony of these interesting little relatives of the ground squirrels is located along both sides of the railroad near the station of Emigrant, between Gardiner and Livingston, and every visitor to the park going in or out at the north entrance has a good opportunity to see them if the train passes through the dog town on a sunshiny day.]

Family MURIDAE: Mice and Rats.

Bushy-tailed Woodrat.—Neotoma cinerea cinerea (Ord).—Woodrats, pack rats, or trade rats, as they are variously called, are common in the rocks and broken cliffs along the Gardiner and lower Yellowstone and Lamar River valleys in the open country, and are generally distributed over the park. As they are strictly nocturnal animals, they are rarely seen, but their presence may be detected in the little caves and openings in the rocks by sticks and rubbish piles which they have built up about their dens, and by their musky odor, and the various signs which they leave to indicate their presence. Occasionally they get into camps and cabins and do some damage to food and supplies and furnish material for fabulous stories of their commercial habits.

House Mouse.—Mus musculus Linnæus.—This introduced mouse has become well established in the homes and stables at Gardiner and Mammoth Hot Springs and possibly at some of the hotels and camps in the park, but fortunately it is not yet so common as to be a serious pest.

Grasshopper Mouse.—Onychomys leucogaster missouriensis (Aud. and Bach.).—This interesting little insect-eating rodent has been reported from the park, but no specimens have been obtained, and there is no evidence of its presence other than that it occupies similar country a little farther down the Yellowstone River. It will probably be found in the sagebrush in the Gardiner River valley, however, where conditions are suitable for it.

White-footed Mouse.—Peromyscus maniculatus artemisiae (Rhoads).—These mice have been taken at Mammoth Hot Springs and near the mouth of the Lamar River and are abundant over most of the park region. They are nocturnal in habits and are rarely seen unless disturbed from their nests among the rocks or in hollow trees or buildings. They are bright, pretty little animals, with interesting habits, although at times they do some mischief in the camps and cabins.

Mountain Lemming Mouse.—Phenacomys orophilus Merriam.—A specimen of this rare little ground mouse was taken at Tower Falls in 1894; and as the species occupies the surrounding mountain country, it probably covers the park in scattered colonies, but is nowhere abundant.

Red-backed Mouse.—Evotomys gapperi galei Merriam.—A specimen of this little red-backed mouse was collected at Tower Falls in 1894; and as it is a species occupying the surrounding country, it is undoubtedly common throughout the forested area of the park.

Saguache Meadow Mouse.—Microtus pennsylvanicus modestus (Baird).—Two specimens from Mammoth Hot Springs and one from Lower Geyser Basin indicate a general range of this dusky meadow mouse over the open areas of the park.

Little Mountain Meadow Mouse.—Microtus nanus nanus (Merriam).—A specimen of this little gray meadow mouse was picked up by Col. Roosevelt, in the Lower Geyser Basin in 1903 and sent to the Biological Survey for identification. Specimens have also been taken at Mammoth Hot Springs, Yellowstone Lake, and on Mist Creek, and runways and burrows and winter nests are abundant in every little meadow and grassy park throughout the higher elevations of the region.

Rocky Mountain Meadow Mouse.—Microtus mordax mordax (Merriam) —Specimens of these long-tailed meadow mice have been taken near Tower Falls and Mammoth Hot Springs, and as they are abundant along every stream and in every meadow throughout the mountain region surrounding the park, they unquestionably occur also throughout this area.

Large-footed Meadow Mouse.—Microtus richardsoni macropus (Merriam) —Specimens of the largest of all the western meadow mice have been taken close to the northwest and southwest corners of the park, and their big runways and characteristic signs are seen along many of the streams in the park.

Muskrat.—Fiber zibethicus osoyoosensis Lord.—Muskrats are not abundant, but a few have been seen in the streams and ditches near Gardiner and in many of the lakes and ponds and streams over the park. They seem to be generally distributed in the quiet waters. Some large muskrat houses may be seen close to the stage road in the marsh in Swan Lake valley.

Family CASTORIDAE: Beavers.

Beaver.—Castor canadensis canadensis Kuhl.—Beavers are more or less abundant in most of the streams, and in many places their houses and dams are an interesting feature of the wild life of the park. They are perhaps most in evidence along Obsidian Creek, where for a long distance their dams and houses are close to the stage road, and occasionally in the morning or evening hours the animals are seen swimming about or working at their dams.

Family ZAPODIDAE: Jumping Mice.

Jumping Mouse.—Zapus princeps princeps Allen.—These long-tailed, long-legged jumping mice are often seen in the meadows and open country throughout the park. Although mainly nocturnal, they are often disturbed by day in their grassy nests on the surface of the ground and go bounding away in long leaps through the grass, but if stealthily approached can usually be caught in the hands.

Family ERETHIZONTIDAE: Porcupines.

Yellow-haired Porcupine.—Erethizon epixanthum epixanthum Brandt.—Porcupines are becoming common in all parts of the Yellowstone Park, especially in the higher and timbered parts. Their presence is made known by the trees from which they have peeled the bark for food.

Family GEOMYIDAE: Pocket Gophers.

Brown Pocket Gopher.—Thomomys fuscus fuscus Merriam.—Little mounds of earth may be seen scattered over the meadows and open areas in all parts of the park, but the animals making them work almost entirely below the surface and are very rarely seen, unless a glimpse of one is obtained as he pushes the earth up from below, and then securely closes the doorway to his underground tunnel. By patient watching the habits of pocket gophers may be studied at close range and some of the interesting details of their life history observed.

Order LAGOMORPHA: Conies and Rabbits.

Family OCHOTONIDAE: Conies.

Cony.—Ochotona princeps (Richardson).—These tiny rabbitlike animals are common in rocky places and especially in extensive masses of slide rock along the base of cliffs at many places in the park. Along the Obsidian Cliffs and in Spring Creek Canyon they may be seen and heard close to the road in the slide rock, and late in summer their little stacks of hay can usually be found among the rocks. Just south of Lewis Lake another colony is located in the slide rock close to the roadside along Astor Creek, where they may be seen and heard by passers-by. At Yanceys they live in the broken rock with the woodchucks just back of the old stage barn.

Family LEPORIDAE: Rabbits and Hares.

Cottontail Rabbit.—Sylvilagus nuttalli grangeri (Allen).—Cottontails are abundant in the sagebrush near Gardiner, but they do not extend back over the higher parts of the park.

Snowshoe Rabbit.—Lepus bairdi bairdi Hayden.—Common in all the timbered area of the region but rarely seen, as in summer they are of the brown color of dead pine needles and in winter as white as the drifted snow over which they scamper along their trails through the pine woods.

Prairie Jack Rabbit.—Lepus townsendi companius Hollister.—These big jack rabbits are common in the northern edge of the park, extending up the valleys to Mammoth Hot Springs, Blacktail Basin, Yanceys, and the Lamar River valley. While not numerous, they are often seen in the summer with their gray coat and big white tail, and in winter they hop about the grounds at Fort Yellowstone. in their pure white winter coats and are comparatively tame.

Order CARNIVORA: Flesh Eaters.

Family FELIDAE: Cats.

Mountain Lion.—Felis hippolestes Merriam.—These most destructive of the predatory animals in the park have been hunted and destroyed until at the present time there are comparatively few remaining. A small number are still to be found within the park, however, where they continually destroy the game animals such as elk, deer, and mountain sheep.

Canada Lynx.—Lynx canadensis canadensis Kerr.—A few of these big cats are found scattered over the timbered area of the park, where they feed largely on snowshoe rabbits, but where also they are suspected of destroying much game in the way of young elk, deer, and sheep.

Bobcat.—Lynx unita Merriam.—A few bobcats are found at the lower levels near the northern edge of the park, especially in the rough country along the Yellowstone and Lamar Rivers. Fortunately they do not range over the higher parts of the park and their destruction of game is confined to a limited area.

Family CANIDAE: Dogs. Wolves, and Foxes.

Gray Wolf.—Canis nubilus Say.—These big wolves, although not present in great numbers, are sufficiently numerous to cause the destruction of much game. They follow the elk herds back into the mountains in summer and return with them in winter to the lower levels, especially the Lamar and lower Yellowstone Valleys and Blacktail and Hellroaring regions. They are great wanderers and quickly seek fresh hunting grounds if disturbed or if game becomes scarce in their accustomed haunts.

Coyote.—Canis latrans Say.—Coyotes are abundant throughout the park, especially in the open areas, but their tracks may be found on the trails through forest areas as they pass from one opening to another of their favorite hunting grounds. Hundreds have been killed in the park for the protection of game animals, but their numbers are still sufficient to form a serious check on the increase of many species.

Mountain Red Fox.—Vulpes fulva macroura Baird.—Foxes are occasionally seen in the park, but they are by no means numerous. They are apparently scattered over the whole area and occasionally one is seen or its characteristic tracks observed in the trails and roads. Most of those seen are the red, or cross foxes, but the silver and black varieties have been reported. These however, are only color phases of the same species.

Family MUSTELIDAE: Otters, Martens, Minks, Weasels, etc.

Otter.—Lutra canadensis canadensis Schreber.—Otters are common along many of the streams and lakes throughout the park, especially along the Lewis River and along the edges and tributaries of Yellowstone Lake. They are also found along the Lamar and lower Yellowstone Rivers and on Hellroaring Creek.

Mink.—Lutreola lutreocephala (Harlan).—A few minks are found in the park along the streams, especially at the lower levels, but they are not very common.

Arizona Weazel.—Mustela arizonensis (Mearns).—Weasels are fairly common throughout the Yellowstone Valley in the northern part of the park and probably over the whole region. They are occasionally seen in the summer brown coat, hunting for ground squirrels and mice in the meadows, and in winter their tracks are often seen over the snowfields, and occasionally the white-coated animals come into camps and cabins and become very tame if not molested.

Least Weasel.—Mustela cicognanii lepta (Merriam).—A little weasel is reported as occasionally seen in the park, and some very small tracks are seen on the snow, but no specimens have been taken for positive identification.

Marten.—Martes americana caurina (Merriam).—Martens are especially common in much of the timbered area of the park, where they are occasionally seen along the trails and where their tracks in winter are more common than those of the mink or weasel.

Fisher.—Martes pennanti pennanti (Erxleben).—This is a rare animal in any part of the United States, and apparently there is but one record for the Yellowstone Park. This is based on a skin taken from poachers by Gen. Anderson and recorded by Seton (Wild Animals at Home, p. 225).

Wolverine.—Gulo luscus luscus (Linnæus).—Tracks of wolverines are occasionally seen in the park, and trappers around the borders obtain more specimens than in any other part of the United States. The park evidently serves as a breeding and recruiting ground which has kept this interesting and rare animal from local extermination.

Northern Skunk.—Mephitis hudsonica Richardson.—Skunks are common in the lower parts of the park area, especially in the valleys of the Yellowstone and Gardiner Rivers, and are occasionally met with in the interior basins.

Badger.—Taxidea taxus taxus (Schreber).—Badgers are especially abundant in the low valleys along the Yellowstone River and its tributaries in the northern part of the park, but they are also found scattered throughout the open areas over most of the higher parts. As usual, they are concentrated where the ground squirrels are most abundant and their favorite food easily obtained.

Family PROCYONIDAE: Raccoons.

[Raccoon.—Procyon lotor lotor (Linnaeus).—Raccoons have been reported in the park, but I have been unable to find any evidence of their presence even along the Yellowstone and Gardiner Rivers, where they would be most likely to occur. They are found farther down the Yellowstone River and may at times extend up into the edge of the park.]

Family URSIDAE: Bears.

Black and Cinnamon Bears.—Ursus americanus Pallas.—Black and cinnamon bears are especially common in the park, where they gather about the hotels and camps and feed on the garbage that is thrown out. Ten or a dozen of these bears, of various shades from light brown to glossy black, are often seen feeding at a garbage pile during the early evening or morning hours and sometimes 20 or 30 gather at a time at one favorite heap. They are generally distributed throughout the forest over the park, and apparently many of them do not come to the hotels, but remain as wild bears, subsisting on such food as the forest affords.

Grizzly Bear; Silvertip.—Ursus horribilis Ord.—While much less numerous than the blacks, the grizzly bears are still more common in the Yellowstone Park than in any other part of the United States. Those which come to feed on the garbage probably represent but a small proportion of the numbers scattered over the park area, but often from two or three to seven or eight may be seen at a time. Their tracks and unmistakable signs are found throughout the forests, and in summer over the tops of the high ridges near or above timberline; and many are killed around the borders of the park when they wander outside.

Order INSECTIVORA: Insect Eaters.

Family SORICIDAE: Shrews.

Dusky Shrew.—Sorex obscurus obscurus Merriam.—A few specimens of this shrew have been taken in the park, and it is probably the commonest of the several species that occur there. They are so small and secretive in their habits, however, that few are ever seen unless systematic search for them is made.

Masked Shrew.—Sorex personatus personatus I. Geoffroy.—A specimen of this tiny shrew was collected on Mountain Creek in the southeastern part of the park by P. Holt in February, 1904. It is also found in surrounding country and probably occurs all over the park.

Water Shrew.—Neosorex palastris navitagor Baird.—Specimens taken at Mammoth Hot Springs and others on different sides indicate that this aquatic shrew inhabits the whole park region, as it does most of the Rocky Mountain country. It is the largest of the shrews of the region and may occasionally be seen darting about in the water with great skill in pursuit of its insect prey.

Order CHIROPTERA: Bats.

Family VESPERTILIONDAE: Bats.

Long-eared Bat.—Corynorhinus macrotis pallescens Miller.—These large, dark colored bats with long ears are usually found hanging in clusters on the walls of the Devil's Kitchen, a warm cave just back of Mammoth Hot Springs, and they are probably one of the common bats seen flying in the evening about Mammoth Hot Springs and Gardiner. It is doubtful if they occur at any higher levels, however, as they are a southern species, reaching their northern limit at this point.

Yellowstone Bat.—Myotis carissima Thomas.—These little dusky bats with gray edges to the tail membranes may be found during the summer months clinging by hundreds to the walls of the Devil's Kitchen, and probably are the most abundant small bats seen flying at dusk about Mammoth Hot Springs and Gardiner. The first known specimen of this bat was collected at Yellowstone Lake, and the species probably has a considerable range over the park region.

Brown Bat.—Eptesicus fuscus fuscus (Beauvois).—No specimens of this large brown bat have been collected in the park, but many of the individuals seen flying about in the evening over the higher levels are of its size and general appearance and undoubtedly belong to the species, which is common throughout the general region.

Silver-haired Bat.—Lasionycteris noctivagans (Le Conte).—These large, almost black, bats have been reported from observation as they flew about through the timbered areas in the park, but no specimens have been collected for positive identification.

Hoary Bat.—Nycteris cinerea (Beauvois).—A few very large bats seen flying at dusk in the forest areas of the park undoubtedly belong to this large Boreal species, although no specimens have been obtained, owing to the danger of disturbing larger game by shooting within the park.