NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Ruins Stabilization in the Southwestern United States Publications in Archeology 10

The following records describe techniques for the stabilization of broken or weakened historic chimneys (figs. 93-98).

Montezuma Castle National Monument, Camp Verde, Arizona. The structure was built and occupied during the period A.D. 1100-1400 by a people of Pueblean ancestry. Only a few breaks in the upper parapet wall and the roof of the square tower room have been repaired with original materials. By 1957, increasingly heavy visitor impact began to weaken the structure noticeably, at which time it was closed to public viewing. The ruin is seen today by visitors from the trail below where a cutaway scale model enhances the interpretive story.

RUINS STABILIZATION RECORD

FIRST SHEET

Fort Union National Monument. Date: April 22, 1960; Building: 6-160; Room; 163; Wall (N. E. S. W): NESW.

Architecture

Orientation, plan and type (situation, evidence of additional stories, period of construction relative to surrounding rooms, evidence of burning, etc.): Contemporaneous with contiguous rooms. No evidence of burning. Single story.

Floor (floor type; additional notes): No floor remains. Joist indications suggest wood floor.

Details (notes on doorways, lintels, etc.): Chimney and fire-place in east wall. North wall is south wall of rooms 161 and 162. Fireplace badly weakened by missing bricks. Loose bricks in chimney remnant. Brick hearth missing.

SECOND SHEET

Room No.: 6-163; Date work started: June 29, 1959; Date work finished: Oct. 23, 1959; Man days of labor: 14-3/4; Cost of materials: $52.62; Archeologist: Rex L. Wilson; Date: April 22, 1960.

Condition on date work started. Masonry: Nearly all of east wall missing except for flue. Many adobes missing from all sides of adobe flue. North wall in good condition. Lintels missing from window in south wall. West wall in good condition.

Materials, construction, and technique in making repairs or accomplishing job: East wall: Missing foundation stones replaced in fireplace, brick hearth rebuilt with historic brick, missing fireplace brick reset in soil-cement mortar. Missing adobes were replaced in the north, east, and south sides of the flue. The small chimney remnant stabilized by resetting loose bricks in soil-cement mortar and replacing several missing bricks.

South wall: The east end of the wall was rebuilt with regular adobes in order to support the remaining original wall.

All walls: Capped. Sprayed with Dow Corning 772 diluted in water at a ratio of 1 to 9.

FIGURE 93. Building 6-160, Room 163, fireplace in east wall, before stabilization. Fort Union National Monument.

FIGURE 94. Building 6-160, Room 163, fireplace in east wall, during stabilization. Historic bricks are being reset in soil-cement mortar. Fort Union National Monument.

FIGURE 95. Building 6-160, Room 163, fireplace in east wall, after stabilization. Soil-cement used to reset bricks was brushed to prevent shine. Fort Union National Monument.

FIGURE 96. Building 6-160, east side of east wall, before stabilization. Fort Union National Monument.

FIGURE 97. Building 6-160, Room 163, flue and chimney in east wall, during stabilization. Soil adobes are being laid to replace those that had fallen away. Fort Union National Monument.

FIGURE 98. Buildings 6-160, Room 163, flue and chimney in east wall, during stabilization. Fort Union National Monument.